ieee-ias 2012.02.18 presentation - fire pump engine controllers
DESCRIPTION
Fire Pump Engine ControllersTRANSCRIPT
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Diesel Drive Fire Pump ControllersPrepared IEEE - IAS-by-
Jim Nasby – Columbia EngineeringSkokie, Illinois USA
---
From a presentation to the
Chicago Fire Department Fire Prevention Bureau
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Topics to be Covered1. Fire Pump - General2. Fire Pump Installation Elements - Overview3. Engine Drive Fire Pumps in General4. Diesel Drive Fire Pump Controllers5. Operating Margins
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Fire Pump Installation Considerations
• Pressure Sense Lines
• Jockey Pump Relief Valve ?
• Engine Room Ventilation
• Pump House Heating
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FirePumpControllerPressureConnection(PressureSense Line)
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SeparatePressureSenseLines-for-EachPump
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Fire Pump Driver Types• Diesel Drive -- U.L. & F.M.
– Fixed Speed– Variable Speed (Pressure Limiting) - PLD
• Right Angle Gear Drive• Vertical Engine (Stewart & Stevenson)
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Models DCFRA & DCMRA – 1973 - 2008
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Model DCM - 2008
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Model DCM – Display Panel Prototype
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Controller Enclosure TypesEnclosure TypesType 2 Indoor Only - Vertical Dripproof onlyType 3R Outdoor - Rain or Dripping water up to 45 degreesType 12 Indoor - Protection against dripping water and dust.Type 4 Outdoor - Protection against water, dust, & hosedown.Type 4X — Corrosion Resistant – Special Paint or Stainless SteelNote: Unofficial (J.S.N.) Designations: 4XA = Organic, 4XB = 304 S/S, 4XC = 316 S/S & 4XCL = 316L (Low Carbon) S/S.
Note: These Ratings are all useless unless:U.L. “Type” Labeled ("NEMA" Label is not meaningful) -and-Proper Conduit Hubs are used.
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Common Controller Options - Functional
- Automatic Stop Timer Note: This is not allowed to be used, per NFPA-20, on “Sole Source Pumps”, nor by F.M. as a matter of course, even if present.
- Sequence Starting (Multiple Pumps)- Pump Lockout (Multiple Pumps)- Remote Start and/or Deluge Valve Start
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Controller Options -for- Enhanced Fire Protection
- Pump House (Pump Room) Alarms- 5 Year Warrantee Models
- Space Heater and Humidistat- Better Types of Enclosures
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Common Pump House Alarms- Low Pump Room Temperature Low- Low Fuel Level (Now Mandatory)- Main Relief Valve Open- Water Reservoir Low- Water Reservoir Empty- Flow Meter On- Other Tamper Alarms
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Enhanced (Digital) Pressure and Alarm Recorders
Better Controllers Include
- 4 x 40 (160) Character Display- Separate Pressure and Alarm Memories*- At least 2,000 pressure readings stored- At least 300 Alarm Events stored- Front Panel Access to All Data -and-- No Passwords to Access Data- No Paper, Floppy Disks, etc.- Read Pressure 3 Times per Second- Use Data Reduction for More Storage
* So that Alarm Event Data doesn’t over-write Pressure Data and vice versa.
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Typical Paperless (Digital) Recorder Panel
M.C.S. Model PR4001 Recorder
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Typical PR4001 Recorder Pressure Plot
Expanded, showing 137 out of 4095 total points (7 hours).
Where is the glitch?
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Typical PR4001 Recorder Pressure Plot
Expanded, showing 90 out of 4095 total points (1-3/4 hours).
See the glitch?
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Typical PR4001 Recorder Pressure Plot
Expanded further, showing 46 out of 4095 total points (232 Sec.)
Shows that Pump was cavitating.
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SIX Automatic Start Attempts
NFPA Requirements - Cont'd
- The controller does SIX Automatic cranks and Five Rests of 15 Seconds each on alternate battery banks.- After the 6th Crank, controller signals Failure to Start Alarm.-If one battery bank fails, the controller Cranks using the Other Battery Bank for All Remaining Cranks.
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24 Hour Recharge Time
NFPA Requirements - Cont'd
The battery chargers are required to:
- Charge 100% of both battery banks’ ampere hour capacity in 24 hours
- Avoid Battery Boiling- Reduce to ½ Amp or Less into Battery
- Chargers are a major differentiator among controller manufacturers.
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Engine will be "Run to Destruction"
Engine is Sacrificial
Engine is NOT protected from:- Low Oil Pressure -or-- High Water Temperature, Except during testing.
- E.G.: It will run to destruction under fire demand.
- Shutdown only on: - Overspeed (Imminent Destruction) - Failure to Start
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• Pressure switch starting -or-
• Pressure Transducer & Circuitry (This also differentiates mfr's.)
• Pressure recorder on the pressure sensing line.
• Weekly test by pressure drop
– Weekly Test Timer
– Drain (Test) Solenoid Valve
NFPA Requirements - Cont'd (for pressurized systems)
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• Auto On
• Low Oil (LOP)
• High Water (HWT)
• Failure to Start (FTS)
• Low Fuel (LFL)
• Overspeed (OVS)
• Low Eng. Temp.**
NFPA Requirements - Cont'd
• Battery No. 1 Failure (B1F)
• Battery No. 2 Failure (B2F)
• -or- Low Air or Hydraulic Pressure *
• Charger Failure
• ECM Alarms (2 alarms) *
• Overpressure *
* Some Engines
Visual Indication and Common Audible Alarm for and Common Alarm Contacts for:
** Added in NFPA-20 2010.
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• Engine Run
• Switch Off
• Engine Failure Consisting of:
– the Above Listed 9 (up to 12) Signals
– Optional Pump House Trouble Alarms
–F.M. Required Additional Alarms• Weekly Test Enabled
• Loss of Battery Power (B1F and B2F)
NFPA Minimum Required ContactsRemote Alarm Contacts for:
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Other Diesel Controller Options- Power Failure StartingPower Failure Starting
- Keep Pump Room warm -or-Keep Pump Room warm -or-- Charge Battery(s) -or-Charge Battery(s) -or-- For risks with high temp. processesFor risks with high temp. processes
- RecorderRecorder- Additional AlarmsAdditional Alarms- Low Suction Shutdown (Ohio)Low Suction Shutdown (Ohio)
Note: “Interlocking” (Lockout) is a common option on both diesel and Motor Drive Controllers, even though prohibited by NFPA-20.
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Typical D.F.P.C. RatingsNameplate
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Operating Margins (Parameters)• A.C. Voltage Margin +/- 10%
(105 to 130 Vac ) Minimum for best results.
• High D.C. Voltage Margin: +25% (15 / 30 Vdc) Minimum for Continuous Thermal and Circuit Reliability (Typical Alternator Output or Ni-Cad Equalize Voltage)
• Low D.C. Voltage Battery Margins (Assume Single Battery Operation, E.g.: One Battery Dead or Missing):– 9 / 18 Vdc Cranking (3/4 of Nominal)
– 6 / 12 Vdc Breakaway (1/2 of Nominal) for at least ½ Second
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Questions ?