ieee p1900 regulatory and policy drivers for establishing standard metrics and evaluations of...
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IEEE P1900Regulatory and Policy Drivers for
Establishing Standard Metrics and Evaluations of Coexistence of
Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems
Kalle R. KontsonKalle R. KontsonAlion Science and TechnologyAlion Science and Technology
September 14, 2005September 14, 2005
Slide 2
Overview
• Background and review of some interesting trends events on the regulatory front
• Discussion of a hypothetical policy model
• Discussion of a derivative regulatory model
• Coexistence evaluation requirements and needs for standards derived from these policy and regulatory models
• Summary and discussion
Slide 3
Regulatory and Policy “Futurist” View - Background and Review
• Previous work on “Intelligent” Wireless Devices and Impact on Spectrum Management• Intelligent Wireless Device Bill of Rights
• Spectrum Policy Task Force
• Increasing Interest in Dynamic Spectrum Access and Secondary Markets
• Increasing maturity of beneficial, spectrum-efficient technologies
Slide 4
First Draft for an Intelligent Wireless Device Bill of Rights
• Article 1: Any intelligent wireless device may, on a non-interference basis, use any frequency, frequencies or bandwidth, at any time, to perform its function.
• Article 1, Tenet 1: To exercise rights under this Article, intelligent devices must be mentally competent to accurately determine the possibility of interference that may result from their use of the spectrum, and have the moral character to not do so if that possibility might infringe on the rights of other users.
• Article 1, Tenet 2: To exercise rights under this Article, intelligent devices must actively use the wireless spectrum within the minimum time, spatial and bandwidth constraints necessary to accomplish the function. Squatting on spectrum is strictly prohibited.
• Article 2: All users of the spectrum shall have the right to operate without harmful electromagnetic interference from other users.
• Article 2, Tenet 1: Priority of rights under this Article may be determined by the proper authorities only in cases of National emergency, safety of life or situations of extreme public interest.
• Article 2, Tenet 2: Rights under this Article may be exercised only when the systems exercising the rights are designed , as determined by the state of the practice, to be reasonably resistant in interference.
• Article 3: All licensing, auctioning, selling or otherwise disposition of the rights to frequencies and spectrum usage shall be subordinate to , and controlled by Articles 1 and 2, above.
What Are the Characteristics of the Devices to Make This Work?
Slide 5
Avoiding Unrealistic Expectations
• Achieving a regulatory regime based on an Intelligent Wireless Device Bill of Rights will not happen soon.
• It’s a hypothetical end state to pursue, to establish direction
• A step-wise approach makes sense
• A first step in this direction… a Policy for transforming to:
Technology-Driven Tiered Spectrum Access Rights
Slide 6
Technology-Driven Tiered Spectrum Access Rights• Definition: A regulatory model that rewards the
implementation and deployment of spectrum-efficient technologies by offering incentives in the form of progressively expanded tiers of spectrum access rights in proportion to device performance.
• Analogies and precedents• HOV lane access exceptions for hybrid and electric cars• FCC Part 15 allowance for higher EIRP for directional antennas• FCC Part 15 spectrum access for systems with TPC and DFS
• Advantages: • Promotes superior technologies by offering incentives for use• Expands capacity of the limited resource• Begins an industry-driven migration toward new regulatory
models
Slide 7
Component’s of Tiered Access Rights Model• Equipment characteristics
• What wireless system characteristics are sufficiently beneficial, measurable and predictable to justify expanded spectrum access rights?
• Variable spectrum rights: • What additional rights can be offered in response to well-designed wireless
systems?
• Regulation and enforcement:• What regulations need to change to implement such a model? Equipment
authorization? Licensing? • How do measure spectrum qualities? How do we manage and adjudicate
coexistence?
Slide 8
Two Obvious Requirements to Respond to a Tiered Spectrum Access Rights Model
• A method of scoring “spectrum goodness” of devices
• We need a standard set of metrics and tools to assess the worthiness of individual devices to reap rewards for good spectrum behavior, and restrict bad behavior
• A method and common analytical framework for assessing coexistence of multiple devices
• We need a common set of tools to assess the communal properties of new systems
Each provides a distinct, necessary view of coexistence
Spectrum Scorecard for Evaluation of Spectrum Properties of System
Designs
Slide 10
Motivation for the Scorecard Concept:Can We Reward Positive Developments?• Spectrum and network
management maturity must be synchronized
• Defining and managing spectrum efficiency and effectiveness is a difficult problem… it’s not just “bits/Hz”
• RF designers need to quantify the spectrum footprints of features
• Produce spectrum CONOPS• Provide metrics for evaluating
spectrum supportability in various scenarios
• Promote development of required features; I.E., “Spectrum-friendliness”
• Use metrics to encourage supportable systems• Can we develop a “spectrum-centric” scorecard to manage
development and incorporation of features required to transform spectrum operations for assured spectrum access?
Bandwidth on Demand
Reservation Management
Tra
ns
form
ati
on
al
Sp
ec
tru
m F
ea
ture
s
Spectrum Capability Maturity
Static, Manually Fixed Tuned Systems
Multiple Access Systems
Environmentally Adaptive Systems
Spatially Adaptive Systems
Regulatory Adaptive Systems
CDMATDMAFDMA
Channel SensingBroadband MonitoringAdaptive PowerAdaptive Bandwidth
MIMOMultiple Nulls, Multiple Lobes
Autonomous OperationsIntegrated Spectrum Protocols
ManualRequest andDistribution
ResourceDeconfliction
OTAResourceDistribution
OTAResourceRules
Slide 11
Example: A Scorecard Based on Some Current Developments• Currently, multiple efforts address parts of the
solution for full-dimensional spectrum operations• MANETS and Mesh Networks on the drawing board• XG addressing environment and regulatory adaptation• Both addressing power adaptation• Neither addressing spatial adaptation• Other research being conducted in spatial adaptation
Need to initiate effort to pull the parts together
• Establish standard method for measuring spectrum-centricity
• Integral to evolving network management infrastructure
• Solving the “spectrum-efficiency” definition problem
Power Adaptive Bandwidth Adaptive
Environmentally Adaptive
Fixed Tuned vs. Multiple Access
Regulatory Adaptive
Spatially Adaptive
Network Integration
WNW/SRW
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0
Apply XG Protocols
Apply AdaptiveArray Antennas
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0
MANET/Mesh
Slide 12
Spectrum ScorecardKey Performance Parameters
• Spectrum efficiency has moved way beyond simple measures
• Numerous design options impact overall capability, spectrum requirements, efficiency, and frequency reuse
• Spectrum Scorecard identifies attributes affecting spectrum requirements and effectiveness
• Influence design attributes to optimize spectrum efficiency• Recommend spectrum parameters• Possible requirements for product managers
• First cut has four categories:• RF Parameter Flexibility (5 Groups, 12 Attributes)• Geographical Awareness (1 Group, 2 Attributes)• Environmental Awareness (2 Groups, 4 Attributes)• Network Management (3 Groups, 7 Attributes)
• Aggregated or disaggregated at three levels
Slide 13
Spectrum Scorecard Level 3: Attributes (first cut)
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Frequency Tuning Range
Frequency Selection
Variable Bandw idth
Unintentional Emissions
Modulation Eff iciency
Non-Contiguous Bandw idth Use
Regulatory Requirements
Link Pow er Budget
Interference Cancellation
Multi-Path Effects
Directional Antenna Integration
Location IntegrationLocation InformationLocation Information Exchange
Frequency Resource List Sensing
Full RF Frequency Range Sensing
Modulation Identif ication
Environmental Information Exchange
Collision Management
Transport Control
Netw ork Routing
Directional Routing
Access Priority
Quality of Service (QoS)
Support System Integration
RF ParameterFlexibility
GeographicalAwareness
EnvironmentalAwareness
NetworkManagement
Slide 14
Spectrum Scorecard Rollup at Three Levels
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102.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
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2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.4.1
2.4.2
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Level 1: Categories (4)
Level 2: Groups (11)
Level 3: Attributes (25) 0
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2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.3.1
2.1.3.2
2.1.3.3
2.1.4.1
2.1.5.1
2.1.5.2
2.1.5.3
2.1.5.42.2.12.2.2
2.3.1.1
2.3.1.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2
2.4.3.1
2.4.3.2
Spectrum “Goodness”
Potential interactions
between attributes
Slide 15
Scorecard Summary and Status• Spectrum efficiency and effectiveness substantially
improves network operations
• Current work indicates that scorecard can identify spectrum-optimizing features that enhance coexistence
• Preliminary structure (metrics) defined and being refined• Evaluation requires a supporting technical infrastructure
• Enhanced M&S to assess spectrum optimization of developing capabilities
• Provides an approach for transformation of acquisition guidance• Identifies spectrum efficiency and effectiveness as a requirement• Must be recognized in both requirements and acquisition processes
• Continuing to develop implementation policy options• Policy documents could be updated to include requirement to
address spectrum scorecard • Implementation requires standardized evaluation tools…M&S,
testing, analysis methods
Common Analytical Framework for Coexistence
Slide 17• Synopsis of Concept
•Develop open standard for submission of system characterizations in an M&S environment
• Provide forum to exchange models and run coexistence M&S against various mixes of systems
• Establish standard definitions for interference and susceptibility criteria
Slide 18
Possible Implementation Engines
•Matlab/Simulink
•Common framework standard to address:• Transmitter characteristics• Receivers characteristics• Spectrum access protocols
•Large, “many-on-many” M&S capability
Summary and Discussion