ieee std c57.19.00-2004(cn_en)

IEEE Std C57.19.00-2004IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Procedures for Power Apparatus Bushings

4. Service conditions 运行条件4.1 Usual service conditions 通常运行条件Apparatus bushings conforming to this standard shall be suitable for operation at their ratings, provided:符合该标准的套管应适合于在以下额定条件下运行，提供：

⎯⎯ The temperature of the ambient air does not exceed 40°C, and the average temperature of the a mbient air for any 24 hour period does not exceed 30°C.

环境空气温度不超过 40℃，并且任何 24 小时持续时间内环境空气的平均温度不超过 30℃。⎯⎯ The temperature of the ambient air is not lower than –30°C.环境空气温度不低于-30℃。⎯⎯ The altitude does not exceed 1000 m.海拔高度不超过1000m.

⎯⎯ The temperature of the transformer insulating oil in which the inboard end of the bushing is immersed and the temperature of the bushing mounting surface does not exceed 95°C averaged over a 24 h period.

套管浸入变压器绝缘油中内侧的温度和套管安装表面的温度平均持续24小时内不超过 95℃。⎯⎯ The external terminal and bus connections do not exceed a 30 K rise over ambient.外部接线端与母线连接不超过相对环境30K温升。⎯⎯ The bushing is mounted at an angle of inclination to the vertical not exceeding 20°.套管安装相对于垂直倾斜角度不超过20°。

4.2 Unusual service conditions 特殊运行条件Bushings complying with this standard may be applied in unusual service conditions but their performance may be affected.遵守这一标准的套管也许应用在特殊运行条件下，但其性能可能受到影响。

4.2.1 Applications at altitudes greater than 1000 m 应用在海拔超过1000m

The dielectric strength of bushings that depend in whole or in part upon air for insulation decreases as the1altitude increases due to the effect of decreased air density. When specified, bushings shall be designed with larger arcing distances using the correction factors from Table 1 to obtain adequate air dielectric strength at altitudes above 1000 m. The minimum insulation necessary at the required altitude can be obtained by dividing the standard insulation at 1000 m by the appropriate correction factor from Table 1.随着由于海拔高度增加时空气密度的减少的影响，套管绝缘强度依赖于空气绝缘的整个或部分绝缘将减少。当指定，衬套的设计应与更大的灭弧距离使用从表 1 的修正因素来获取足够的空气介电强度海拔 1000 米以上。必要时所需的高度的最小绝缘可以获得

1000 米的标准绝缘除以适当校正系数从表 1。Table 1—Dielectric-strength correction factors for altitudes greater than 1000 m

Altitude Altitude correction factor for dielectric strength1000 1.001200 0.981500 0.951800 0.922100 0.892400 0.862700 0.83

Copyright © 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.


3000 0.803600 0.754200 0.704500 0.67

NOTE—An altitude of 4500 m is considered a maximum for bushings conforming to this standard. 海拔4500米被认为是符合这一标准套管的最大值。

4.2.2 Other conditions that may affect design, testing, and application其他的情况可能影响设计，试验和使用

Where other unusual conditions exist, they must be brought to the attention of those responsible for the design, testing, and application of the equipment. Examples of such conditions are:

存在其它特殊情况，他们必须对那些设备的设计、试验和应用应引起注意。这种情况的例子是：⎯⎯ Damaging fumes or vapors, excessive abrasive or conducting dust, explosive mixtures of dust or

gases, steam, salt spray, wet conditions, icing, etc.

破坏性烟雾或蒸气、过度磨料或导电尘埃、爆炸性混合物的粉尘或气体、蒸汽、耐盐雾、湿条件、结冰等。

⎯⎯ Tilting in excess of 20° from vertical

相对于垂直倾斜角超过20°⎯⎯ Abnormal vibration or shocks

异常振动或冲击⎯⎯ Unusual transportation or storage conditions

异常的运输或贮存条件⎯⎯ Unusual space limitations

异常的空间限制⎯⎯ Unusual temperature applications such as isolated phase bus duct applications

异常温度应用，如分相母线槽的应用⎯⎯ Proximity of installation adapters and tank walls

安装适配器和罐壁附近5. Rating

A designation of performance characteristics based upon definite conditions shall include the following where applicable.

指定的运行特性在使用中基于包括以下定义条件：5.1 Rated maximum line-to-ground voltage 额定最大相电压The rated maximum line-to-ground voltage is the highest rms rated frequency voltage between the conductor and the mounting flange at which the bushing is designed to operate on a continuous basis.

额定最大相电压是在该套管的导体和安装法兰之间被设计运行时额定频率的最高有效值电压。5.2 Rated frequency 额定频率The rated frequency is the frequency at which the bushing is designed to operate.

额定频率是该套管在设计运行时的频率



5.3 Rated dielectric strength 额定绝缘强度The rated dielectric strength of a bushing is expressed in terms of specified values of voltage withstand tests (shown in Table 1 of IEEE Std C57.19.01).9

套管的额定绝缘强度以指定耐压试验值表示5.3.1 Rated frequency test voltage 额定频率测试电压5.3.1.1 Dry test 干的试验The dry test for a bushing is the test voltage that a new bushing shall be capable of withstanding for 1 minute when tested under the conditions specified in 7.4.3.

套管干的试验是新套管应能承受在7.4.3 中指定的条件下1分钟的外施试验电压。5.3.1.2 Wet test 湿的试验The wet test for a bushing is the test voltage that a new bushing shall be capable of withstanding for 10 seconds when tested under the conditions specified in 7.2.1.1. Wet tests are not required for indoor bushings or the indoor end of an air to air bushing.

套管湿的试验是新套管应能承受在7.2.1.1 中指定的条件下10钞钟的外施试验电压，湿的试验不要求户内套管或空气对空气套管。5.3.2 Rated full-wave lightning-impulse voltage 额定全波雷电冲击电压The rated full-wave lightning-impulse voltage is the crest value of a standard 1.2 x 50μs impulse voltage wave that a new bushing shall be capable of withstanding when tested under the conditions specified in 7.2.1.2.

额定全波雷电冲击电压是指新套管应该能够承受在7.2.1.2中指定条件下的标准1.2 x 50μs冲击电压波形的峰值.

5.3.3 Rated chopped-wave lightning-impulse voltage 额定截波雷电冲击电压The rated chopped-wave lightning-impulse voltage is the crest value of a standard 1.2 x 50μs impulse voltage that a new bushing shall be capable of withstanding for a specified time from the start of the wave at virtual time zero until flashover of a rod gap or coordinating gap occurs when tested under the conditions specified in 7.2.1.3.

额定截波雷电冲击电压是指新套管应该能够承受在7.2.1.3中指定的从波形中虚拟零座标开始至球隙或闪烁条件下标准1.2 x 50μs冲击电压的峰值.

5.3.4 Rated wet switching-impulse voltage 额定湿的操作冲击电压The rated wet switching-impulse voltage is the crest value of a 250 x 2500μs switching-impulse voltage wave that a new bushing shall be capable of withstanding when tested under the conditions specified in 7.2.1.4.

额定湿的操作冲击电压是指新套管应该能够承受在7.2.1.3中指定的250 x 2500μs操作冲击电压波形的峰值。



9 Information on references can be found in Clause 2

引用条款2中可以找到的信息

5.4 Rated continuous current 额定连续电流The rated continuous current is the rms current at rated frequency that a bushing shall be required to carry continuously under specified conditions without exceeding the permissible temperature limitations when tested under the conditions specified in 7.2.3.

额定连续电流是当前在套管须在指定条件下连续运行不超过在 7.2.3 中规定的允许温度条件下进行测试时所需的规定额定频率下有效值电流。5.4.1 Thermal basis of rating 热评级The hottest-spot temperature rise above ambient air of any part of the bushing in contact with temperature index 105 insulation shall not exceed 75 K, when the inboard end is immersed in oil within 50 mm of the mounting flange with the oil having a rise of 65 K above the ambient air and the bushing is carrying rated current at rated frequency.

套管的任何部件相对于环境空气的最热点温升在温度指数105绝缘是不超过75K，当内侧端浸没在油中50mm以内的安装法兰相对于油具有上升一个65K以上的环境空气和套管承受额定频率下的额定电流，Bushings that pass the above thermal basis of rating test are suitable for use in 65 K rise oil filled transformers. On the adoption of this standard, the re-testing of existing acceptable bushing designs shall be optional rather than required.

通过上述热基础的评级测试的套管是适合在 65 K 温升的油浸变压器中使用。就通过这个标准的，现有的可接受套管设计重新测试应是可选的，而非必需的。For insulating materials with temperature index greater than 105, the hottest spot temperature rise should be chosen accordingly and agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

对于绝缘材料的温度指数大于105，最热点温升相应地选择应遵得买方和制造商之间同意。5.4.2 Draw-lead applications 穿缆式应用When a draw-lead is used, the central tube of the bushing does not carry current. The continuous current rating is limited by the draw-lead terminal rating stated on the bushing nameplate and by the size of the draw-lead conductor applied to the bushing.

当穿缆式的情况下，套管的中心管不承载电流。连续电流额定值受限于穿缆式端子额定值在套管铭牌上和适用于套管的穿缆导体的尺寸。

6. General requirements 一般要求Copyright © 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.


This standard includes a number of general requirements that are applicable to certain ratings of power apparatus bushings. Specific values for these requirements are listed elsewhere in this standard or in IEEE Std C57.19.01 under corresponding headings.

该标准包括了若干适用于电力设备套管某些额定值的一般要求。对于这些要求的具体值是根据列在其他地方标准或在IEEE Std C57.19.01的相应标题下。6.1 Electrical requirements 电气要求

⎯⎯ Dielectric withstand voltages 绝缘耐压⎯⎯ Partial discharge 局部放电⎯⎯ Power factor 功率因数⎯⎯ Capacitance 电容量

6.2 Physical requirements 物理要求⎯⎯ Dimensions. 尺寸规格⎯⎯ Cantilever strength. 悬臂负荷⎯⎯ Internal pressure and vacuum. 内部的压力和真空⎯⎯ Sealed bushings shall be designed to withstand full vacuum when mounted in the apparatus to which

they are applied. Open bushings shall be designed to withstand both full vacuum and the same positive pressure as the apparatus to which they are applied.

密封套管考虑到安装在应用设备上，应该设计成能够承受完全真空。作为应用的设备的开放套管应该设计成承受全真空和相同的正压力两者。

密封套管的设计应能承受全真空安装在它们所应用的设备时。打于的衬套的设计应能承受两个完全真空和相同的正压力为它们所施加的设备。

⎯⎯ Draw lead bushing cap pressure.

穿缆式套管顶盖压力⎯⎯ Bushing voltage tap. All bushings above 350 kV lightning-impulse insulation level (BIL) shall be

provided with a bushing voltage tap. This tap shall be the normally grounded type as shown in Figure 1of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

套管电压抽头。上述350千伏雷电冲击绝缘水平（BIL）所有套管应提供套管电压抽头。这抽头常接地类型应如IEEE Std C57.19.01的图1中所示。

⎯⎯ Bushing test tap. All capacitance-graded bushings with BIL up to and including 350 kV shall be provided with a bushing test tap. This tap is normally grounded and is intended for measurement of power factor, capacitance from conductor to tap, and partial discharge. Since the capacitance from tap to ground is not controlled, the tap is not intended for use as a voltage divider during normal operation.

套管试验端子。所有电容套管分级与BIL截至及包括350千伏应提供套管试验抽头。这个水龙头通常是接地，用于功率因数，从导体电容挖掘和局部放电测量。由于从自来水到地面的电容不被控制，自来水不适合用作正常运行时的电压分压器。6.3 Thermal requirements 热要求



Temperature rise tests shall be considered done at 60 Hz unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

温升试验应被视为工作在60赫兹，除非买方和制造商之间另有约定。6.4 Nameplate markings 铭牌标记The following information shall appear on all bushing nameplates on bushings rated above 110 kV lightning-impulse level (BIL).

以下这些信息必须在套管的额定冲击绝缘水平（BIL）110kV及以上所有套管铭牌中体现。⎯⎯ Name of the manufacturer, identification number, type, year of manufacture, weight in pounds, and

serial number.

制造商名称、认证编号、型号、制造年份、重量和序列号。⎯⎯ Rated maximum line-to-ground voltage.

额定最高线对地电压⎯⎯ Rated continuous current.

额定电流NOTE—Where bushings have a dual continuous current rating, the nameplate shall indicate the rating for draw-lead

application and bottom connected application

备注-凡套管具有双重额定电流值，在铭牌上应标明穿缆设备和低部连接设备的额定电流值。⎯⎯ Rated full-wave lightning-impulse withstand voltage (BIL)

额定全波雷电冲击耐受电压值⎯⎯ Capacitance C1 and C2, on all bushings equipped with voltage taps, and C1 on all bushings equipped

with test taps.

电容量C1和C2，针对所有装有电压抽头和C1在装有测试抽头的套管。⎯⎯ Power factor measured from conductor to tap, where applicable, at 10 kV and referred to 20°C, by the Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST) method.

从导体与抽头之间测量的功率因数，在适当情况下，在上面提供10kV不接地试品测试 (UST) 方法的并且换算至20°C值。⎯⎯ Length of inboard (oil side) end (L).

内侧（油侧）长度（L）。⎯⎯ Rated frequency.

额定频率。

7. Test procedure 试验程序This test procedure summarizes the various tests that are made on power apparatus bushings, describes accepted methods used in making the tests, specifies the tests that will demonstrate ratings in this standard and lists the tests in the recommended sequence for routine and design tests. It does not preclude the use of other equivalent or more effective methods of demonstrating ratings. These tests are divided into the following classifications as listed in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.

该测试程序总结了对电力设备套管提出的各项测试，描述了在制造测试中使用认可的方法，指定在本标准中将展示评级的测试，并列出例行和设计试验的被推荐的试验顺序，它并不排除使用其它等效或更有



效的认证等级方法。这些测试被分成在以下表格2、表3和表4中分类列出。Table 2—Design tests for bushings

设计试验Test 试验 Clause Internal pressure and vacuum 内部压力和真空 7.4.5Draw-lead bushing cap pressure 穿缆式套管顶盖压力 7.2.2.1Cantilever strength 悬臂负荷 7.2.2.2Capacitance measurement 电容量测量 7.4.1Power factor 功率因数 7.4.2Tap withstand voltage 抽头耐电 7.4.4Full-wave lightning-impulse withstand voltage 全波雷电冲击耐受电压 7.2.1.2Chopped-wave lightning-impulse withstand voltage 截波雷电冲击耐受电压 7.2.1.3Rated frequency wet withstand voltage (230 kV and below) 额定频率湿耐受电压(230kV及以下)

7.2.1.1

Wet switching-impulse withstand voltage (345 kV and above) 湿操作冲击耐受电压（345kV及以上）

7.2.1.4

Rated frequency dry withstand test 额定频率干耐受测试 7.2.1.5Capacitance measurement 电容量测量 7.4.1Power factor 功率因数 7.4.2Temperature Rise 温升 7.2.3Verification of Nameplate Markings 铭牌标示验证 6.4

Table 3—Routine tests for bushings 套管例行试验Test Clause NumberInternal pressure and vacuum 内部的压力和真空 7.4.5Capacitance measurement 电容量测量 7.4.1Power factor 功率因数 7.4.2Tap withstand voltage 抽头耐受电压 7.4.4Rated frequency dry withstand with partial discharge measurement 额定频率干耐受与局部放电测量

7.4.3

Capacitance measurement 电容量测量 7.4.1Power factor 功率因数 7.4.2Verification of Nameplate markings 铭牌标记确认 6.4

Table 4—Special tests for bushings 套管特殊试验Test Clause NumberThermal Stability 热稳定性 7.3.1Front of wave lightning impulse 波前雷电冲击 7.3.2Seismic 抗震 7.3.3

Sequence for special tests to be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

特殊试验顺序可遵从买方和制造商之间商定。7.1 Test conditions 测试条件7.1.1 General requirements 一般要求

Bushings shall be prepared for dielectric tests and measurements, and corrections for conditions shall be



made in accordance with appropriate clauses of this standard. The following shall be in accordance with applicable clauses in IEEE Std 4™:

为套管绝缘试验和测量作准备，并应按照该标准的适当条款提出修正条件的。以下内容应与 IEEE Std 4 ™ 中的适用条款一致：

⎯⎯ Definitions of tests 试验定义⎯⎯ General test procedures 一般试验方法⎯⎯ Characteristics and tolerance of wave shapes 波形的特性和偏差⎯⎯ Method of measurement 测量方法⎯⎯ Standard atmospheric and precipitation conditions 标准大气和降水条件

7.1.2 Test specimen requirements 试品要求The test specimen shall comply with the following requirements:

试品需要符合以下要求：⎯⎯ Except for mechanical tests, bushings shall be mounted on a supporting structure and in the position

approximating that for which they were designed and with their ends in the media of the type in which they are intended to operate.

除机械试验，套管应安装在一个支承机构上和附近位置，对于它们被设计并与他们在其预定的操作的类型的介质两端。

⎯⎯ Bushings shall be completely assembled with all elements normally considered essential parts of the bushings.

套管的主要零部件确认组装完毕。⎯⎯ The bushing shall be dry (except for wet tests) and clean.

套管应该是干燥（湿的试验除外）和洁净。⎯⎯ Voltage withstand tests shall be made with the following provisions: It is recommended to mount the

bushing on a relatively flat metallic grounded mounting plate that extends outward from the bushing flange to a distance that would prevent an arc from striking any grounded object other than the grounded parts of the bushing or the mounting plate. The test connection to the bushing shall be made such that it does not affect the test results.

耐压测试应应有以下规定：建议将套管安装在相对平稳的金属接地安装板上，从套管法兰向外延伸一段距离将防止其他接地任何物体比衬套或安装板的接地部分的电弧更明显。测试应当连接到套管,这样它不会影响测试结果。

⎯⎯ For partial discharge tests, suitable external shielding may be applied to eliminate external discharges.

针对局部放电试验，周围适当加以屏蔽可以用于消除外部干扰。7.1.3 Test conditions 试验条件7.1.3.1 Air temperature 空气温度The ambient temperature at the time of test shall be between 10°C and 40°C.

在试验时环境温度范围：10-40°C

7.1.3.2 Humidity 温度The absolute humidity at the time of test should preferably be between 7.0 g/m3 and 15.0 g/m3. Refer to Figure



35 of IEEE Std 4 for determination of absolute humidity.

试验时的绝对湿度应在7.0g/m3（RH:40%）至15.0g/m3（RH:85%）之间较适宜。参考IEEE Std 4的图35 绝对湿度的测定。7.1.4 Correction factors 校正系数When actual test conditions vary from standard test conditions as specified in IEEE Std 4, correction factors k1 for variation in relative air density and k2 for variation in humidity may be applied to correct applied withstand voltages to withstand voltages at standard conditions. Correction factors shall be determined in accordance with 16.2 of IEEE Std 4 and shall be applied as follows:

考虑到实际试验条件不同于IEEE Std 4中指定的标准试验条件，相对于空气密度变化的校正系数k1 和湿度变化的校正系数k2 适用于修正耐受电压到标准条件下的耐受电压值。校正系数应按照IEEE Std 4的16.2条款确定，适用于以下：

⎯⎯ Dry 1-min rated frequency withstands tests: No corrections.

干的1分钟工频耐受试验：不用校正。⎯⎯ Wet 10-second rated frequency withstand tests: Correction factor k1 may be applied.

湿的10秒工频耐受试验：可以适用校正系数k1。⎯⎯ Full-wave lightning-impulse withstand tests: Correction factors k1 and k2 may be applied at either

positive or negative polarity, but not at both.

全波雷电冲击耐受试验:校正系数k1和k2可以在正和负极性两者之一适用，但不是同时。⎯⎯ Chopped-wave lightning impulse test: No correction.

截波雷电冲击试验：不校正。⎯⎯ Wet switching-impulse withstand tests: Correction factor k1 may be applied.

湿的操作耐受试验：修正系数k1可以适用。7.1.5 Atmospheric conditions and correction factors used in previous tests

在以前的试验中使用大气压和修正系数Retest of existing equipment designs that were previously tested in accordance with ANSI C68.1-1968 or previous editions of IEEE Std C57.19.00 shall not be required as a result of minor changes in standard atmospheric conditions or correction factors now used in IEEE Std 4.

现有设备设计重新测试按照以前ANSI C68.1-1968或IEEE Std C57.19.00上一版本，不要求微小变化的结果值校准到标准大气压条件下或使用目前的IEEE Std 4中校正系数。7.2 Design tests 设计试验Design tests are those made to determine the adequacy of the design of a particular type, style, or model of power apparatus bushing to meet its assigned ratings; to operate satisfactorily under usual service conditions, or under special conditions, if specified; and to demonstrate compliance with appropriate standards of the industry.

设计试验是指确定那些特有类型、或型号的电力设备套管是否满足其指定类型的设计；在一般使用条件下、或特殊条件下正常运行（假如已指定），并证明符合相应的行业标准。Design tests are made only on representative bushings to substantiate the ratings assigned to all other bushings of the same design. These tests are not intended to be made as a part of normal production. The applicable portions



of these design tests may also be used to evaluate modifications of a previous design and to assure that performance has not been adversely affected. Test data from previous designs may be used for current designs where appropriate. Once made, the tests need not be repeated unless the design is changed so as to modify performance.

设计试验只代表套管去验证评级被分配给其他所有套管相同的设计。这些试验是不作为一般产品的一部分，为了评估以前设计的修改，并确保其性能并没有受到影响，也可能会使用这些设计试验的适用部分。在适当情况下，以前试验数据可用于现行的设计中。一旦做过，除非设计更改更改或参数改动，是不需要重复该试验。During these tests, the bushing will be subjected to stresses higher than usually encountered in service and the bushings must withstand these tests without evidence of partial or complete failure. Hidden damage that may occur during the dielectric withstand voltage tests can usually be detected by comparing values of certain electrical characteristics before and after the withstand voltage tests. The characteristics usually measured are capacitance, power factor, and RIV and/or apparent charge. These diagnostic tests may be associated with individual withstand tests or a group of withstand tests. The criteria for acceptance are given in Table 5 and Table 6 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

在这些试验期间，套管将要经受压力高于通常运行中遇见和套管必须承受这些试验没有证据之外部分或彻底故障。通常可通过对某些耐受电压测试之前和之后电气特性的值进行比较，检测到隐藏在介电耐受电压测试期间可能出现的损害。该特征通常测量是电容量、功率因数、无线电干扰（RIV）或视在电荷。这些诊断性试验可能与单个耐受试验或一组耐受试验有关。验收的标准在IEEE Std C57.19.01的表5和表6中给出。Design tests shall include the following, plus all routine tests specified in 7.4, except that the rated frequency dry withstand test with partial discharge measurements (7.4.3) shall be made as modified according to 7.2.1.5.

设计试验应包括以下内容，加上7.4规定的所有例行试验，除了额定频率干耐压试验与局部放电测量（7.4.3）之外应该根据7.2.1.5修改进行。7.2.1 Dielectric withstand voltage tests 绝缘耐压试验7.2.1.1 Rated frequency wet withstand voltage 工频湿耐受电压Wet withstand tests shall apply only to outdoor bushings rated 900 kV BIL and below and shall be applied under wet conditions described in 14.2 (conventional procedure-practice in USA in Table 3) of IEEE Std 4.

湿耐受试验只适用于户外套管，额定基本雷电冲击水平在900kV以下，适用在IEEE Std 4的14.2中描述湿的工况。If the bushing withstands the specified test voltage for 10 seconds, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If a flashover occurs on the outside of the insulating envelope, the test may be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover, the bushing shall be considered to have failed.

如果套管承受指定测试电压时间为10秒钟，它被认为是通过了该试验。如果在绝缘外表面发生闪烁，该试验应该复试。如果如果复试还是同样闪烁结果，该套管被认为已失败。7.2.1.2 Full-wave lightning-impulse withstand voltage

全波雷电冲击耐受电压Copyright © 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.


Both positive and negative standard 1.2 x 50μs waves as described in IEEE Std 4 shall be used. Procedure shown under 7.8.2 (Withstand voltage test-procedure B) of IEEE Std 4 shall be used.

应使用以IEEE Std 4中所述正极性和负极性两种1.2 x 50μs标准波形，应使用在IEEE Std 4 7.8.2下（耐受电压试验方法B）所示方法进行。7.2.1.3 Chopped-wave lightning-impulse withstand voltage

截波雷电冲击耐受电压A minimum of three chopped-wave impulses of each polarity shall be applied to the bushing in accordance with IEEE Std 4 with a 3 microsecond minimum time to flashover per Table 1 in IEEE Std C57.19.01.

每种极性的三次截波冲击，应适用于依照IEEE Std 4中的套管规定最短3μs闪烁时间，参照IEEE Std C57.19.01 Table1中规定。7.2.1.4 Wet switching-impulse withstand voltage

湿的操作波耐受电压This test shall apply only to outdoor bushings rated above 900 kV BIL. A positive polarity standard 250 x 2500s impulse, as described in IEEE Std 4, shall be applied under wet conditions described in 14.2 (conventional procedure-practice in USA in Table 3). Procedures shown under 7.8.2.2 (withstand voltage test-procedure B) shall be used.

该试验应仅适用于BIL 900 kV以上户外套管。正极性标准250 x 2500μs冲击，如IEEE Std 4中描述， 14.2条款中描述湿条件下适用（常规传统做方法在USA 的见表3中），应根据7.8.2.2中所示的程序（耐压试验方法）使用。7.2.1.5 Rated frequency dry withstand test with partial discharge measurements, either apparent charge or RIV额定频率干耐受试验与局部放电测量，取视在电荷或RIV两者之一。This test shall be performed as specified in item c) of 7.4.3, except that the voltage at 1.5 times rated maximum line-to-ground voltage in item c) shall be applied for 1 hour. Partial discharge measurements, either apparent charge or RIV, shall be made at 5-minute intervals with limits specified in Table 5 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

该试验需要按照在7.4.3的条款c）中描述执行，除了电压在1.5 倍最大线对地电压时间段需要1个小时，应该每间隔5分钟测量局部放电的视在电荷或RIV值，应符合IEEE Std C57.19.01的Table 5中规定值。7.2.2 Physical tests

物理特性试验7.2.2.1 Draw-lead bushing cap pressure test

穿缆套管顶盖压力试验The bushing cap assembly and draw-lead central tube shall withstand an internal pressure test of 140 kPa (gage) for 1 hour without leakage.

套管顶盖组件和穿缆中心管应耐受一个140kPa（gage）的内部压力测试持续1 个小时后无泄漏。Copyright © 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.


7.2.2.2 Cantilever strength test悬臂负荷试验

The bushing shall be rigidly mounted with load applied normal to the longitudinal axis of the bushing and at the midpoint of the thread or threaded terminals and at the lower terminal plate on bushings so equipped. Tests shall be applied to the top and bottom (where applicable) terminals of the bushing but not simultaneously.

套管应牢固安装在垂直于套管纵向负载在法兰或法兰连接中间下部接线端子在套管上这样装备。套管应牢固地安装有负载施加垂直于套管的纵向轴线，并在螺纹或螺纹端子的中点，并在下层端子板在套管上这样装备。试验施加在套管顶部和底部（在适用情况下）端子上，但不是同时。During the cantilever test, the bushing internal pressure (gage) shall be 70 kPa. The temperature shall be approximately 20°C. The specified load shall (see Table 4 of IEEE Std C57.19.01) be applied for a period of 1 minute. Permanent deformation, measured at the bottom end 1 minute after removal of the load, shall not exceed the values stated in IEEE Std C57.19.01.There shall be no leakage at either end at any time during the test or within 10 minutes after removal of the load.

在悬臂测试时，套管内部压力（gage）应是70kPa。温度大约20°C。指定负载应（见IEEE标准C57.19.01表4）在1分钟之内。在底未端测量1分钟之后移除负荷，出现永久的变形，不得超过在IEEE Std C57.19.01中规定值。任一端在任何时间在测试期间或移除负荷后10分钟内没有渗漏。7.2.3 Temperature rise test 温升试验The temperature rise test shall apply to bottom end-connected bushings where the current is carried by the conductor tube/rod. The test shall be carried out as per the following:

温升试验应适用于在底部末端连接的衬套，其中电流通过导线管/棒。试验应按以下进行：a)The bushing shall be prepared by suitably attaching thermocouples on the current carrying conductor in

sufficient number and at regular intervals so that the temperature of the hottest part of the conductor in contact with the insulating materials can be detected.

套管应在载流导体上安装适当和足够数量的热电偶，以便每隔一定时间能够检测到导体与绝缘材料接触处最热点的温度。

b) The temporary external connections to the bushing shall be such that they do not unduly affect the bushing temperature rise. The cross section of the air end bus should be such that at rated current, the temperature rise at a location 1 m away from the bushing should be at least 30 K above the ambient air.

临时的外部连接到套管应该这样使得它们不会过度影响套管的温升。空气端母线的横截面应该是这样的，在额定电流时，在远离套管1米位置处的温升应至少超过环境空气30K以上。

c)The bushing shall be mounted so that the bushing ends are immersed in the medium in which they are intended to operate.

套管的安装，应该将套管两端浸入在正常运行时的介质中。d) For an oil-immersed bushing, the temperature of the oil bath shall be measured by a thermocouple

immersed approximately 30 mm below the oil surface and located 300 mm away from the bushing. The oil level shall be maintained within 50 mm of the flange mounting surface. The temperature rise of the oil bath shall be maintained as per the requirement outlined in 5.4.1.

针对油浸式套管，油箱的温度应通过浸入在油面大约30mm下和位于套管300mm位置处用热电偶测量。油位应被保持在至法兰安装面50mm内。油箱的温升应被保持在依照5.4.1中概述的要求。



e) The surrounding air temperature shall be determined by taking the average reading of three laggedthermocouples placed at heights corresponding to mounting flange, mid-height and top end of thebushing. The thermocouples shall be located 1 to 2 m away from the bushing. The test shall be made ina draft-free area with an ambient air temperature between 10oC and 40oC.

周围空气温度应由放置在与套管的安装法兰、中部和顶部相一致的三只热电偶的所读取的平均值来决定。热电偶应位于距套管1到2m处。测试应当在环境空气温度在10°C到40°C的通风宽敞区域。

f) The test shall be carried out with alternating current at the rated current and frequency and continued until thermal conditions become constant. This can considered to be the case when the measured temperatures do not increase by more than 1oC in 2 hours for bushings up through 900 kV BIL and not more than 1oC in 4 hours for bushings above 900 kV BIL. The thermocouple readings should be taken at appropriate intervals.

测试应施加以额定电流和频率的交流电，并且持续到热状态稳定为止。可以这样认为当测量温度不是按照套管BIL 900kV以下在2个小时内增加不超过1°C，BIL在900kV及以上套管在4个小时内不超过1°C。

g) The bushing shall be considered to have passed the test if the requirements outlined in 5.4.1 are fulfilled.

如果在5.4.1中规定的要求得到满足。套管应被视为已通过测试。For draw lead bushings, a temperature rise test shall be done when the bushing manufacturer supplies the draw lead conductor. A test similar to the bottom end connected bushing shall be carried out.

针对穿缆式套管，温升试验应由套管制造商提供的穿缆导体来实现。试验应该进行类似于底部连接套管。7.2.4 Tap withstand voltage

抽头耐受电压A rated frequency withstand test shall be applied to or induced at the tap for 1 minute with the bushing mounting flange grounded. Voltage tap shall be tested at 20 kV. Test tap shall be tested at 2 kV.

额定频率耐受试验应施加于或者包括在抽头上施加1分钟至套管安装法兰接地之间，电压抽头应测试20kV。测试抽头应测试2kV。7.3 Special tests

特殊试验Special tests are not a part of routine or design tests. These tests shall be done only when agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

特殊试验不是例行和设计试验的一部分。只有当买方和制造商之间的约定后才进行这些试验。7.3.1 Thermal stability tests

热稳定性试验Availability of comparative test data and/or successful field service experience on similar designs should be considered when determining the need for a thermal stability test.

在类似的设计上测试数据的比较和/或成功的现场服务经验，应考虑确定需要的热稳定性测试时。The test shall be made using the following procedure:

测试应使用下列方法:



⎯⎯ The ends and parts of bushings that are intended for immersion in oil shall be immersed in oil. The temperature of the oil shall be maintained at 95°C ± 2°C and shall be measured by means of a thermocouple immersed in oil approximately 30 mm below the surface and about 300 mm awayfrom the bushing.

套管的用于浸入在油中部分和两端应被完全浸入在油中。油的温度须保持在95 °C±2 °C，应该是通过浸在油表面以下大约 30 毫米和距离套管大约 300 毫米的热电偶的方法测量。⎯⎯ Rated continuous current at rated frequency shall be applied throughout the test. Conductor losses

corresponding to rated continuous current at rated frequency can be generated by applying rated continuous current at rated frequency to the final conductor or simulated by appropriate means.

额定频率额定电流适用于整个试验，对应于导体损耗可通过施加额定频率的额定电流到最终导体产生，或者通过适当的方式模拟。

⎯⎯ The test voltage shall be equal to 1.2 times the rated maximum line-to-ground voltage as specified by Table 1 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

试验电压应等于1.2倍的额定最大线对地电压，参考IEEE标准C57.19.01表1所指定的。⎯⎯ Voltage shall not be applied until thermal equilibrium between the oil and the bushing has been

reached.

电压施加至油和套管两者之间热平衡已达成。⎯⎯ During the test, the power factor shall be measured periodically and the ambient air temperature shall be recorded at each measurement.

测试过程中，每次测量应定期测量功率因素和记录周围的空气温度。⎯⎯ The bushing has reached thermal stability when its power factor rises no more than 0.02 when

measured in percent over a period of 5 hours.

当其功率因素在 5 小时内测量上升不超过 0.02%时，套管已达到热稳定性。The bushing shall be considered to have successfully passed the test if it has reached thermal stability and if it has withstood a repetition of all dielectric routine tests without significant change from the previous results.

如果它已达到热稳定，并且参考以前的结果经受住了所有介质例行测试无显著变化，侧套管应视为已成功地通过了考试。7.3.2 Front of wave lightning impulse test

波前雷电冲击试验This special test is to be performed on one bushing of a particular design when agreed upon.

当约定这个特殊试验执行在一个特别设计的套管上。The wave shapes shall meet the requirements of IEEE Std 4 and 7.2.1 of this standard. The test shall be done with negative polarity using the following or any agreed upon sequence.

波形应满足本标准7.2.1和IEEE Std 4的要求。测试应当使用负极性完成以下或任何约定顺序。⎯⎯ One reduced full wave

一次降低的全波⎯⎯ Two front of waves

两次波前⎯⎯ Two 3s chopped waves

两次3μs截波⎯⎯ One full wave



一次全波The test level for chopped wave and full wave shall be as specified in IEEE Std C57.19.01. The test level and the sparkover time for the front of wave shall be as per Table 5.

截波和全波的试验水平应参照IEEE Std C57.19.01。波前的试验水平和截断时间应当依照表5中规定。

Table 5—Front of wave lightning impulse test levels表5－波前雷电冲击试验水平

BIL(kV)

Minimum Crest Voltage, MCV

最小峰值电压(kV)

Specific Time to Sparkover, T

到放电特定时间 (μs)110 195 0.50150 260 0.50200 345 0.50250 435 0.50350 580 0.58

In order to provide some tolerance in practical testing, a tolerance of –0.1μs to the tabulated sparkover time in Table 5 shall be permitted. Since the test is more severe with duration, the maximum permissible positive tolerance shall be 0.3μs. If, in making any front of wave test, the tolerance of –0.1μs is exceeded, the test requirement may be considered as having met provided the crest voltage attained during the test is equal to or more than the voltage determined by Equation (1) as follows:

为了在实际测试中规定了一些误差，－0.1μs的误差在表 5列表中的放电时间应被允许。由于该测试是最严峻的考验时期，最大可允许正偏差为0.3μs。如果，在做任何波前测试，超过–0.1μs的误差，测试要求可以被认为符合在测试期间取得的峰值电压等于或大于以下公式(1)确定的电压如下：

Voltage = MCV [1 + {(T – 0.1) – T1} / (A T1)] (1)

where

MCV= minimum crest voltage in kV from Table 5. 参考表5中最小峰值电压T= specific time to sparkover inμsec from Table 5.参考表5中闪烁时间T1= actual sparkover time measured inμs. 实际放电时间测量值，单位μs。A= 3 for BIL up to 250 kV and 4 for 350 kV BIL. 3－为BIL在250kV及以下，4－为BIL在350kV下

7.3.3 Seismic tests抗震试验

For information on the seismic testing, see IEEE Std 693, IEEE Recommended Practices for Seismic Design of Substations.

关于地震测试的信息，请参阅 IEEE Std 693，IEEE 被推荐的变电站抗震设计方法



7.4 Routine tests例行试验

Routine tests are those tests made to check the quality and uniformity of the workmanship and the materials used in the manufacture of power apparatus bushings. Insofar as the bushing construction allows, the tests in the following clauses shall be made on each bushing.

例行试验是指那些以检查质量和工艺的一致性，材料使用在电力设备套管的制造中的测试。只要套管建造允许，应在每个套管上进行以下条款中的测试。7.4.1 Capacitance (C1 and C2) measurement

电容量（C1 and C2）测量Capacitance C1 between the bushing high-voltage conductor and the voltage or test tap shall be measured at 10 kV before and after the rated-frequency withstand tests. Tolerance for acceptable change is specified in Table 6 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

在套管高压导体与电压或测试抽头之间的电容量C1应在额定频率耐受试验前后以10kV电压进行测量。对接受变化的偏差在 IEEE Std C57.19.01 表 6 有规定。Capacitance C2 between the voltage tap and grounded flange shall be measured at 10 kV after the rated frequency voltage withstand test.

电压抽头与接地法兰之间的电容量C2应在额定频率的耐受试验后进行10kV电压测量。7.4.2 Power factor

功率因数The power factor between the bushing conductor and the bushing tap shall be measured at 10 kV by the Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST) method before and after the rated frequency withstand voltage test.

套管的导体和套管抽头之间的功率因数应依照不接地试品试验（UST）的方法在额定频率耐压试验前后进行10kV电压测量。If specified, solid bushings not equipped with taps shall be tested by the Grounded Specimen Test (GST) method after the rated frequency withstand voltage test.

如果指定，固体套管不配有抽头需要在额定频率耐压试验后用接地试品测试 (GST) 方法进行测试。Limits and tolerance of acceptable change are specified in Table 6 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

IEEE Std C57.19.01 表 6 中规定可接受变化的范围和偏差。7.4.3 Rated frequency dry withstand test with partial discharge measurements

额定频率干的耐受试验和局部放电测量The test shall be made with the bushing clean and dry. If the bushing withstands the specified test voltage and meets the partial discharge limits, as specified below, it shall be considered to have passed the test.

测试的套管应清洁和干燥。如果套管可承受的指定的测试电压，并且满足如下所示局部放电限制，应被视为已通过测试。



Partial discharges generated within the bushing during test shall be determined by either RIV or apparent charge measurement.

测试期间在套管内产生的局部放电，由任一RIV或视在电荷测量来确定。General principles and circuits for RIV measurement are described in NEMA 107. A radio noise and field- strength meter conforming to ANSI C63.2 shall be used to measure the RIV generated by any internalpartial discharges. The measurement shall be made on a quasi-peak basis at a nominal frequency of 1 MHz, although any frequency from 0.85 MHz to 1.15 MHz may be used to discriminate against local radio station signal interference. Refer to IEEE Std 454™ for general recommendations on both methods of partial discharge measurement.

RIV测量的一般原则和回路在NEMA 107中有描述。符合ANSI C63.2的无线电噪声和场强计适合用于测量任何内部局部放电产生的RIV的测量。测量应在准峰值在1 MHz的标称频率，虽然从0.85 MHz到1.15 MHz的任何频率可用于排斥当地电台信号干扰。请参考IEEE标准454™上局部放电测量这两种方法的一般性建议。General principles and circuit for apparent charge measurement are described in IEC Pub 60270 (2000-12), and a particular type of wide-band measurement is described in IEEE Std C57.113™.

视在电荷测量的一般原则和电路在IEC 出版的60270（2000-12）中有描述，以及特定类型的宽带测量是在IEEE Std C57.113™中描述。Measurements may be made by using either the bushing voltage tap or the coupling capacitor method.

可通过使用套管电压抽头或耦合电容器方法进行测量。The following test procedures shall be used:

应使用下面的测试程序：⎯⎯ Measure RIV or apparent charge at 1.5 times the rated maximum line-to-ground voltage specified by

Table 1 in IEEE Std C57.19.01. Partial discharge limits are specified in Table 5 of IEEE Std C57.19.01.

RIV或视在电荷应在1.5倍的由IEEE Std C57.19.01表1指定额定最大线对地电压下测量。局部放电范围在IEEE Std C57.19.01表5规定。

⎯⎯ Perform a 1 minute dry withstand test at the voltage specified in Table 1 of IEEE Std C57.19.01. If a flashover occurs outside the insulating envelope, the test may be repeated by restarting the test. If the repeat test also results in a flashover, the bushing shall be considered to have failed. No partial discharge measurements are required at this test level.

执行干耐压试验的 IEEE Std C57.19.01 表 1 中指定的电压 1 分钟。如果在套管表面发生外闪烁，该测试可以进行重复测试。如果重复测试结果也闪络，套管应视为失败了。在此测试级别不需要局部放电测量。

⎯⎯ Repeat measurements of RIV or apparent charge at 1.5 times rated maximum line-to-ground voltage. Table 5 of IEEE Std C57.19.01 specifies partial discharge limits.

重复在1.5倍额定最大线对地电压下RIV或视在电荷的测量值。在IEEE标准C57.19.01表5有规定的局部放电限制。

⎯⎯ At the time this document was revised there were efforts underway in IEEE Std C57.12.90™, Test Codes for Transformers, to standardize in the use of apparent charge measurements (in picocoulombs) for transformers. If this requirement becomes a standard, users may require that apparent charge measurements (pC) be done on bushings in stead of RIV measurements.



当时该文档的修改正在参考“IEEE Std C57.12.90™ 变压器的试验代码”努力进行中，在变压器视在电荷的测量（库仑）使用规范化。如果这一要求成为标准，用户可能需要将套管视在电荷测量（PC）将用RIV测量代替完成。7.4.4 Tap withstand voltage

抽头耐受电压A rated frequency withstand test shall be applied to or induced at the tap for 1 min with the bushing mounting flange grounded. Voltage tap shall be tested at 20 kV. Test tap shall be tested at 2 kV.

额定频率耐受试验施加或感应1分钟在抽头与套管安装法兰接地间。电压抽头应测试20kV。试验抽头应试试2kV。7.4.5 Internal pressure and vacuum tests

内部压力和真空试验An internal pressure test shall be applied at 140 kPa (gage) for a minimum of 1 hour and a full vacuum shall be applied for 1 hour without resultant leakage.

内部压力测试适用最少 1 小时140 kPa (计量)压力和完全真空适用1 个小时而无泄漏。If agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer an alternative internal pressure test may be carried out where the bushing, without oil and under the required pressure is submerged in water for a minimum of 15 minutes. During this alternative procedure no evidence of leakage shall be visible.

套管，无油和所需的压力下被浸没在水中至少15分钟。在这个替代过程中没有任何泄漏的证据被发现。


ieee std c57.19.00-2004(cn_en)

Documents