EAST TEXAS BAPTIST UNIVERSITYRLGN 5311: Christianity and Contemporary Culture

Fall, T: 6:00-8:50Dr. Jeph Holloway

Office: SCRB 205903-932-2185Office Hours:

MWF: 9:00-10:00TR: 8:00-9:30MW: 1:00-3:00TR: 1:00-3:00 (by appt.)F: 1:00-3:00 (by appt.)

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: a multi-directional study of the relationship between Christianity and contemporary culture, including analysis of various understandings of “culture,” a survey of Biblical and historical models for the relationship of Christian faith and practice to broader cultural settings, analysis and evaluation of various methods of theological interpretation of cultural texts and trends, and application of such methods to selected expressions of contemporary North American culture.

Course Rationale: Biblical and historical expressions of the Christian faith both reflect and demand disciplined inquiry into the relationship between the communal expression of covenant with God (Israel/Church) and the broader cultural setting in which such is experienced (e.g., “the Nations,” the Roman Empire). The contemporary context in which the Church finds itself demands no less. This course intends to enable and equip pastors and other leaders in the Church for such inquiry. Apart from such deliberate and informed reflection the Church becomes more susceptible to cultural assimilation and less able to offer the distinctive witness needed for effective mission and proclamation. The perspectives and skills acquired in this course will be helpful for leaders in the Church concerned with enabling Church members to relate Christian faith to powerful cultural influences and to encourage a cultural productivity that gives concrete expression to the gospel.

Integrating Faith and Learning

The text of the Bible is the foundational document of the Christian faith; therefore, knowledge of and commitment to genuine Christian faith require a thorough encounter with the biblical text. This encounter involves recognition of the roles of both faith commitments and of thoughtful reflection. The Bible contains summonses to faith: “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5, NRSV); “Believe in God, believe also in me” (John 14:1, NRSV). The Bible also presents the reader with invitations to reasoned discourse: “Come now, let us argue it out, says the LORD” (Isaiah 1:18, NRSV); “Always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you” (1 Peter 3:15, NRSV).

In this course we will be studying the text of the Bible, with particular attention paid to ethics in the letters of Paul. This study will acknowledge and appreciate the status of the biblical text as the theological reflection of a faith community and as the inspired word of God.

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Simultaneously, we will engage in thoughtful examination of the social, historical and cultural backgrounds, literary structure, and vocabulary of the biblical text. Recognizing the value and importance of all approaches to the study of the Bible, we will be engaging in the integration of faith and learning as we pursue the objective of comprehending the biblical message.

Academic Integrity

Academic integrity is an essential component of an authentic educational experience. A genuine education involves more than the objective course content; education in general (and Christian higher education in particular) has as a goal the development of the whole person. In order for the student to develop an identity as a person of integrity, academic integrity must be maintained. Academic integrity includes

i. Faithful attendance in class and at other academic activities,ii. completion of academic assignments on or before the specified deadlines, andiii. refusal to engage in any form of academic dishonesty.

Required texts:

Brock, Brian. Christian Ethics in a Technological Age. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Detweiler, Craig. IGods: How Technology Shapes Our Spiritual and Social Lives. Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2013.

Herzfeld, Noreen. Technology and Religion: Remaining Human in a Co-Created World. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2009.

Kallenberg, Brad J. God and Gadgets: Following Jesus in a Technological Age. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2011.

STATEMENT OF PHILOSOPHY OF GRADUATE EDUCATION

The nature of graduate education is to foster an environment with the student as an active participant in the learning process as leader, researcher, and practitioner. As a result, more time is spent on the review of literature of the discipline with much of that reading being completed outside class. The activities of the course are more writing intensive, use case analysis, incorporate a reflective portfolio approach to authentic assessment, include an increased expectation of independent learning, and promote a search for outside resources to bring to class to inform discussion.

Student Learning Outcomes:

We are going to explore several interwoven matters concerning the relationship between Christianity and our contemporary technologically oriented/defined culture. Through the course of our semester you will develop and demonstrate capacities to

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1) Identify ways in which the church has related to its broader cultural environment throughout church history

2) Discuss and evaluate various definitions of technology and of the human/technology relationship?

3) Discuss and explain why a Christian theological evaluation of technology is necessary4) Identity and explain ways in which technological innovation has shaped human history

and influenced the character and expression of the Christian faith5) Develop a Christian theological frame of reference (including Christological,

anthropological, and eschatological dimensions of the Christian faith) by which you will evaluate significant expressions of our contemporary technologically oriented/defined culture

Course Requirements:

1) Attendance and Participation:

Students are expected to attend class each week and demonstrate diligence in preparing assignments. The class time will be devoted to lecture, discussions, and activities to practice and discuss a specific topic.

If you must be absent, you are obligated to get notes and handouts from someone in the class. You must be prepared for the class when you return to class; your being absent is not a legitimate excuse for being unprepared.

2) Mid-Term Exam (20% of final grade)

3) Detweiler Presentation (15% of final grade)

Each student will be assigned one of the Detweiler chapters to present during seminar. You will prepare an extensive outline (using the subject headings in your chapter as a guide) of approximately four to five pages. Your outline should conform to the following pattern:

Book Title/Chapter (e.g., iGods: Who Technology Shapes Our Spiritual and Social Lives: Defining Theology)

I. Introduction

A. Minor Heading (e.g., Jesus was a Techie)

1. Main point (e.g., The Gospels use the word tektōn to describe Jesus’ trade.)

a. Minor point (as needed)

b.

2.

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B.

II. Major Heading (e.g., Technology is an Art)

4) Herzfeld Review (25% of final grade)

Each student will read Noreen Herzfeld’s Technology and Religion and write a 12-14 page review and response. The review section will include a summary of the content and the student’s assessment of each chapter (about 2 to 2½ pages per chapter). Give a final 1-2 page response to what you consider the most significant challenge/ opportunity the Christian community faces/enjoys from the technologies surveyed in the book.

5) Research Paper (40% of final grade)

Each of you will write and present an 18-20 page paper, using the four sources we will be discussing, on some selected topic relating Christian theology and technology. In your paper you will need to 1) demonstrate significant synthesis and integration of the four texts we will be reviewing, 2) analyze and evaluate some aspect/expression of modern technology, 3) offer an assessment of what you consider the major concerns and challenges for Christian faith and practice such technology represents, 4) suggest ways in which Christian ministry needs to respond/relate to a larger cultural context affected by such technology.

Your paper is to be 18-20, typed, double-spaced pages in 12 point Times New Roman font. The paper needs to address the following concerns which are to provide the structure of your work:

1. Explanatory account of your selected technology, discussion of its origins and development, assessment of its cultural impact

2. Discussion/evaluation of selected technology from the standpoint of a Christian theological outlook with specific reference to Christology, anthropology, and eschatology

3. Offer assessment of or suggestions concerning a faith-community response to your selected technology

Grading of the research paper will be based on the following criteria:

Criterion Acceptable Marginal Unacceptable Points Earned

Statement of Hypothesis [10% of total]

Hypothesis is unambiguous and is a falsifiable assertion of fact. [9-10 points]

Hypothesis is stated ambiguously; otherwise the hypothesis is a falsifiable assertion of fact. [7-8 points]

The hypothesis is absent or is not an unambiguous, falsifiable assertion of fact. [0-6 points]

Evidence Presented [25% of total]

All four sources are employed and treated adequately, demonstrating interaction among and

Some essential evidence is absent or is treated inadequately. [17-21 points]

Evidence from sources is omitted and/or treatment of evidence is inadequate. [0-16

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synthesis of the four required sources [22-25 points]

points]

Presentation of Primary Argument [25% of total]

Presentation is clear and is organized logically. Conclusion regarding hypothesis is stated clearly and is founded securely on the evidence provided. [22-25 points]

Some elements of the presentation are unclear and/or disorganized. Limited elements of the conclusion are not founded securely on the evidence provided. [17-21 points]

Presentation contains logical flaws and/or is unclear. Conclusion regarding the hypothesis is absent or is not based on the evidence provided. [0-16 points]

Responses to Counterarguments [15% of total]

Counterarguments are addressed thoroughly and fairly. [13-15 points]

Responses to counterargument(s) omit and/or misrepresent significant elements of the counterargument(s) [10-12 points]

Counterarguments are not addressed. [0-9 points]

Adherence to Technical Issues of Form and Writing Style [15% of total]

The document is in compliance with ETBU MAR standards. [13-15 points]

The document is in substantial compliance with ETBU MAR standards, though some problems are present. [10-12 points]

The document is not in compliance with ETBU MAR standards. [0-9 points]

Oral Presentation [10% of total]

Oral presentation of results deemed adequate by the professor. [9-10 points]

Oral presentation of results deemed inadequate but remediable by the professor. [7-8 points]

Oral presentation of results deemed seriously deficient by the professor. [0-6 points]

Course Schedule:

8/23 Course Introduction8/30 Christ and (Techno-)Culture9/6 The Character of Technology9/139/20 The Human/Technology Relationship Brock, 31-1019/27 Brock, 102-6310/4 Christian Faith and Technoculture Brock, 167-23510/11 Mid-Term10/18 Kallenberg, 1-8110/25 Kallenberg, 82-15911/1 Detweiler, chaps. 2, 4, 511/8 Detweiler, chaps. 7, 811/15 Herzfeld Review 11/22 Paper Presentations11/29 Paper Presentations

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Classroom Commitments

I understand that the classroom is above all to be a place of learning, both for myself and for others. There is no place for conduct that inhibits the costly educational process for me or for those in class around me. Therefore, as a member of the class I make the following commitments:

o I understand that engagement in what is going on in class is essential, therefore I will not make use of electronic devices that divide my attention; e.g., CD players, MP3 players, headphones, earplugs, text-messaging, etc. I understand that if I violate this agreement, I will be counted as absent for the related class period.

o I understand that technology can be a great tool in the learning process or a distraction, therefore I will not use my computer during class time to play games, or surf the Internet, or to do work that is for any other class. I understand that if I violate this agreement, I will, at the discretion of the professor, lose the privilege of bringing my computer to this class.

o I understand that this class time is dedicated to the concerns of this class and I will not do work, prepare for a test, read material for any other class. I understand that if I violate this agreement, then I will be counted as absent for the related class period.

o I understand that others in the class have just as much a right to benefit from the class room experience as I do, so I will in no way inhibit their access to the costly educational process through excessive conversation and/or behavior that is disruptive. I understand that if I violate this agreement, then I will be asked to leave the class for that day.

o I understand that I can only benefit from what takes place in class if I maintain some level of attentiveness, so I will commit myself to a sufficient amount of sleep outside of class and refrain from sleeping in class. I understand that if I violate this agreement, then I will be counted as absent for the related class period.

o I understand that respect for other people is inherent in the gospel, and is a requirement for participation in this class. Disrespect (whether in word or in deed) directed toward any other person will not be tolerated. Prohibited actions include, but are not limited to, harassment of a sexual nature and harassment related to gender, ethnicity, or disability. Individuals who believe that they have been subjected to harassment should report the incident to the professor or to the Dean of the School of Christian Studies. Offenders will be reported to the Student Affairs office; repeat offenders will be removed from the course.

Important Notice

Students with a disability may request appropriate accommodations for this course by contacting the Office of Academic Success and Graduate Services in Marshall Hall, 301 and providing

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the required documentation. If accommodations are approved by the Disability Accommodations Committee, the Advising Office will notify you and your professor of the approved accommodations. You must then discuss these accommodations with your professor.

Weapons Policy

The on-campus possession of firearms, explosives, or fireworks is prohibited with the exception of the transportation of firearms and ammunition by concealed handgun license holders in private vehicles.

Bibliography for Christianity and Contemporary Culture

General Studies

Brown, Delwin, Sheila Greeve Davaney, and Kathryn Tanner, editors. Converging on Culture: Theologians in Dialogue with Cultural Analysis and Criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Carson, D. A. Christ and Culture Revisited. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008.

Carter, Craig A. Rethinking Christ and Culture: A Post-Christendom Perspective. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2006.

Clouse, Robert G., Pierard, Richard V., and Yamauchi, Edwin M. Two Kingdoms: The Church and Culture Through the Ages. Chicago: Moody Press, 1993.

Cobb, Kelton. The Blackwell Guide to Theology and Popular Culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Detweiler, Craig and Taylor, Barry. A Matrix of Meanings: Finding God in Popular Culture. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003.

Dupré, Louis. Religion and the Rise of Modern Culture. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.

Eagleton, Terry. The Idea of Culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.

Fitch, David E. The End of Evangelicalism? Discerning a New Faithfulness for Mission. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2011.

Flett, Eric G. Persons, Powers, and Pluralities: Toward a Trinitarian Theology of Culture. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2011.

Friesen, Duane K. Artists, Citizens, Philosophers Seeking the Peace of the City: An Anabaptist Theology of Culture. Scottdale: Herald Press, 2000.

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Gay, Craig M. The Way of the (Modern) World: Or, Why It’s Tempting to Live as if God Doesn’t Exist. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Gorringe, T. J. Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2004.

Grant, George. Time as History. Edited with an Introduction by William Christian. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.

Gunton, Colin E. The One, The Three and the Many: God, Creation and the Culture of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Harvey, Barry A. Another City: An Ecclesiological Primer for a Post-Christian World. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999.

Hunter, James Davidson. To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, & Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Jardine, Murray. The Making and Unmaking of Technological Society: How Christianity Can Save Modernity from Itself. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2004.

Jenson, Robert W. Essays in Theology of Culture. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Kenneson, Philip D. Beyond Sectarianism: Re-Imagining Church and World. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999.

Legrand, Lucien. The Bible on Culture. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 2000.

Long, D. Stephen. Speaking of God: Theology, Language, and Truth. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.

__________. Theology and Culture: A Guide to the Discussion. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2008.

Lynch, Gordon. Understanding Theology and Popular Culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Markus, Robert A. Christianity and the Secular. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006.

Mazur, Eric Michael and Kate McCarthy, eds. God in the Details: American Religion in Popular Culture. 2d edition. Routledge, 2010.

McDannell, Colleen. Material Christianity: Religion and Popular Culture in America. New Haven: Yale

University Press, 1998.

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Metzger, Paul Louis. The Word of Christ and the World of Culture: Sacred and Secular through the Theology of Karl Barth. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.

Milbank, John. Theology and Social Theory: Beyond Secular Reason. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2006.

Nichols, Stephen J. Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ. Downers Grove: IVP, 2008.

Niebuhr, H. Richard. Christ and Culture. SanFrancisco: Harper & Row, 1956.

Romanowski, William D. Eyes Wide Open: Looking for God in Popular Culture. Revised and Expanded Edition. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2007.

Scriven, Charles. The Transformation of Culture: Christian Social Ethics after H. Richard Niebuhr. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1988.

Scruton, Roger. Culture Counts: Faith and Feeling in a World Besieged. New York: Encounter Books, 2007.

Shults, F. Leron and Brent Waters, editors. Christology and Ethics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Snodgrass, Klyne R., editor. “Christianity’s Engagement with Culture,” Ex Auditu, 23. 2007.

Smith, James K. A. Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009

Stassen, Glen H., Yeager, D. M., and Yoder, John Howard. Authentic Transformation: A New Vision of Christ and Culture. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996.

Tanner, Kathryn. Theories of Culture: A New Agenda for Theology. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997.

Taylor, Charles. Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989.

__________. A Secular Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007

Tillich, Paul. Theology of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Vanhoozer, Kevin J., Charles A. Anderson, and Michael J. Sleasman, editors. Everyday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007.

Ward, Graham. Christ and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2005.

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__________. Cultural Transformation and Religious Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

__________. The Politics of Discipleship: Becoming Postmaterial Citizens. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.

Wilson, Jonathan R. Living Faithfully in a Fragmented World: Lessons for the Church from MacIntyre’s After Virtue. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1997.

__________. Theology as Cultural Critique: The Achievement of Julian Hartt. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1996.

Winter, Bruce W. Seek the Welfare of the City: Christians as Benefactors and Citizens. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

Wuthnow, Robert. Christianity and Civil Society: The Contemporary Debate. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1996.

Theology and Technology

Borgmann, Albert. Power Failure: Christianity in the Culture of Technology. Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2003.

Breen, Michael, Eamonn Conway, and Barry McMillan, eds. Technology and Transcendence. Blackrock, Dublin: The Columba Press, 2003.

Brock, Brian. Christian Ethics in a Technological Age. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.

Burdett, Michael S. Eschatology and the Technological Future. London: Routledge, 2015.

Challies, Tim. The Next Story: Life and Faith after the Digital Explosion. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011.

Conway, Ruth. Choices at the Heart of Technology: A Christian Perspective. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999.

Detweiler, Craig. IGods: How Technology Shapes Our Spiritual and Social Lives. Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2013.

Dunham, Trey. Jesus and the City: A Theology of Technique in Jacques Ellul. Np, 2016.

Dyer, John. From the Garden to the City: The Redeeming and Corrupting Power of Technology. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2011.

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Ellul, Jacques. The New Demons. Translated by C. Edward Hopkin. New York: Seabury Press, 1975.

________. The Technological Bluff. Translated by Geoffrey Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.

________. The Technological Society. Translated by John Wilkinson. New York: Vintage Books, 1964.

________. The Technological System. Translated by Joachim Neugroschel. New York, Continuum, 1980.

Ford, Dennis. A Theology for a Mediated God: How Media Shapes Our Notions About Divinity. London: Routledge, 2016.

Görman, Ulf, Willem B. Drees, and Hubert Meisinger, eds. Creative Creatures: Values and Ethical Issues in Theology, Science, and Technology. London: T. & T. Clark, 2005.

Hawkin, David. Christ and Modernity: Christian Self-Understanding in a Technological Age. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1985.

Hawkin, David J., editor. The Twenty-First Century Confronts its Gods: Globalization, Technology, and War. Albany: SUNY Press, 2004.

Hefner, Philip. Technology and Human Becoming. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.

Heidebrecht, Paul C. Beyond the Cutting Edge: Yoder, Technology, and the Practices of the Church. Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2014.

Herzfeld, Noreen. Technology and Religion: Remaining Human in a Co-Created World. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2009.

Hopper, David H. Technology and the Idea of Progress. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1991.

Kallenberg, Brad J. God and Gadgets: Following Jesus in a Technological Age. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2011.

Lewin, David. Technology and the Philosophy of Religion. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2011.

Mitcham, Carl and Grote, Jim, eds. Theology and Technology: Essays in Analysis and Exegesis. Lanham, MD: University of America Press, 1984.

Monsma, Stephen, editor. Responsible Technology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.

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Murphy, Nancey and Knight, Christopher C., eds. Human Identity at the Intersection of Science, Technology and Religion. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010.

Noble, David F. The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and the Spirit of Invention. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.

Schuurman, Derek C. Shaping a Digital World: Faith, Culture and Computer Technology. Downers Grove: IVP, 2013.

Shaw, Jeffrey M. Illusions of Freedom: Thomas Merton and Jacques on Technology and the Human Condition. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2014.

Szerszynski, Bronislaw. Nature, Technology and the Sacred. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Terlizzese, Lawrence J. Trajectory of the 21st Century: Essays on Theology and Technology. Eugene, OR: Resource Publications, 2009.

Thomas, J. Mark. Ethics and Technoculture. Lanham, MD: University of America Press, 1987.

Thweatt-Bates, Jeanine. Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012.

Tillich, Paul. The Spiritual Situation in Our Technical Society. Edited and Introduced by J. Mark Thomas. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1988.

Waters, Brent. Christian Moral Theology in the Emerging Technoculture: From Posthuman Back to Human. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2014.

White, Susan J. Christian Worship and Technological Change. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994.

Philosophy and Technology

Borgmann, Albert. Crossing the Postmodern Divide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

________. Holding On to Reality: The Nature of Information at the Turn of the Millennium. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

________. Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life: A Philosophical Inquiry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Cusveller, Maarten Verker, and Marc de Vries. The Matrix Reformed: Science Ficti0on, Technology and Christian Philosophy. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt College Press, 2011.

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Fandozzi, Phillip R. Nihilism and Technology: A Heideggerian Investigation. Lanham, MD: University of America Press, 1982.

Feenberg, Andrew. Questioning Technology. London: Routledge, 1999.

Ferré, Frederick. Philosophy of Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Grant, George. Technology and Justice. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.

________. Technology and Empire. Concord, Ontario: Anansi Press, 1969.

________. Time as History. Edited with and Introduction by William Christian. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.

Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Translated and with an Introduction by William Lovitt. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.

Higgs, Eric, Andrew Light, and David Strong, eds. Technology and the Good Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Ihde, Don. Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1993.

Kroker, Arthur. The Will to Technology and the Culture of Nihilism: Heidegger, Nietzsche, and Marx. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.

Mitcham, Carl. Thinking through Technology: The Path between Engineering and Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Mitcham, Carl and Mackey, Robert, editors. Philosophy and Technology: Readings in the Philosophical Problems of Technology. New York: The Free Press, 1983.

Nye, David E. Technology Matters: Questions to Live With. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.

Olsen, Jan Kyrre Berg, Selinger, Evan, and Riis, Søren, editors. New Waves in Philosophy of Technology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Puech, Michel. The Ethics of Ordinary Technology. London: Routledge, 2016.

Schuurmann, Egbert. Technology and the Future: A Philosophical Challenge. Translated by Herbert Donald Morton. Toronto: Wedge Publishing Foundation, 1980.

Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977.

Technology—Social Aspects

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Allenby, Braden R. and Sarewitz, Daniel. The Techno-Human Condition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.

Basalla, George. The Evolution of Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Carr, Nicholas. The Glass Cage: How Our Computers are Changing Us. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2014.

Cohen, Eric. In the Shadow of Progress: Being Human in the Age of Technology. New York: Encounter Books, 2008.

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. A Social History of American Technology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Friedel, Robert. A Culture of Improvement: Technology and the Western Millennium. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

Hughes, Thomas P. Human-Built World: How to Think about Technology and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

Kelly, Kevin. What Technology Wants. New York: Penguin Books, 2010.

Levin, Yuval. Imagining the Future: Science and American Democracy. New York: Encounter Books, 2008.

Lightman, Alan, Sarewitz, and Desser, Christina, editors. Living with the Genie: Essays on Technology and the Quest for Human Mastery. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2003.

Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010 (1934).

________. Technics and Human Development: The Myth of the Machine, Volume One. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1966.

Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

Pursell, Carroll. The Machine in America: A Social History of Technology. 2nd edition. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2007.

Sturken, Marita, Thomas, Douglas, and Ball-Rokeach, Sandra J., editors. Technological Visions: The Hopes and Fears that Shape New Technologies. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004.

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Turkle, Sherry. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

Wallach, Wendell. A Dangerous Master: How to Keep Technology from Slipping Beyond Our Control. New York: Basic Books, 2015.

Artificial Intelligence

Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Clark, Andy. Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Geraci, Robert M. Apocalyptic AI: Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Herzfeld, Noreen L. In Our Image: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Spirit. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

The Internet

Baron, Naomi S. Always On: Language in an Online World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Borgman, Eric, Stephen van Erp, and Hille Haker, eds. Cyberspace—Cyberethics—Cybertheology. London: SCM Press, 2005.

Carr, Nicholas. The Shallows: What the Internet is doing to Our Brains. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011.

Dreyfus, Hubert L. On the Internet. 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 2001.

Lynch, Michael Patrick. The Internet and Us: Knowing More and Understanding Less in the Age of Big Data. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2016.

Post/Transhumanism

Agar, Nicholas. Humanity’s End: Why We Should Reject Radical Enhancement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

Alexander, Brian. Rapture: A Raucous Tour of Cloning, Transhumanism, and the New Era of Immortality. New York: Basic Books, 2003.

Badmington, Neil, ed. Posthumanism. New York: Palgrave, 2000.

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Buchanan, Allen. Better than Humanity: The Promise and Perils and Enhancing Ourselves. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

________. Beyond Humanity? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Cole-Turner, Ronald, ed. Transhumanism and Transcendence: Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2011.

Cooney, Brian. Posthumanity: Thinking Philosophically About the Future. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

Deane-Drummond, Celia and Peter Manley Scott. Future Perfect? God, Medicine and Human Identity. London: T. & T. Clark, 2006.

Dinello, Daniel. Technophobia! Science Fiction Visions of Posthuman Technology. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.

Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002.

Graham, Elaine L. Representations of the Post/Human. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.

Habermas, Jürgen. The Future of Human Nature. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003.

Hansell, Gregory R. and William Grassie, eds. H+: Transhumanism and Its Critics. Philadelphia: Metanexus Institute, 2011.

Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Hughes, James. Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future. Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2004.

Kurzweil, Ray. The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Viking Penguin, 2005.

Lake, Christina Bieber. Prophetics of the Posthuman: American Fiction, Biotechnology, and the Ethics of Personhood. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2014.

Mercer, Calvin and Tracy J. Trothen, eds. Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2015.

Naam, Ramez. More than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement. New York: Broadway Books, 2005.

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Rubin, Charles T. Eclipse of Man: Human Extinction and the Meaning of Progress. New York: Encounter, 2014.

Sandel, Michael J. The Case against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava and Kenneth L. Mossman. Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Frankfort: Peter Lang Verlag, 2012.

Waters, Brent. From Human to Posthuman: Christian Theology and Technology in a Postmodern World. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006.

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