IFAIFA

Explain the common thread of the Explain the common thread of the past stigmas about mental past stigmas about mental

illness? (Hint: What is something illness? (Hint: What is something they all believed about the they all believed about the

mentally ill?)mentally ill?)

Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic Theory

• All behavior is meaningful and is All behavior is meaningful and is influences by unconscious impulses influences by unconscious impulses and conflictsand conflicts– Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud– Carl Gustav JungCarl Gustav Jung

Psychoanalytical Psychoanalytical TheoristTheorist

• Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud– Developed theory of unconscious mind Developed theory of unconscious mind

and its influence on behaviorand its influence on behavior– Introduced the concept of the id, ego , Introduced the concept of the id, ego ,

and superegoand superego– Believed the conflicts on early childhood Believed the conflicts on early childhood

affect development of unconscious mindaffect development of unconscious mind– Introduced psychoanalysis and Introduced psychoanalysis and

psychotherapypsychotherapy

Carl Gustav JungCarl Gustav Jung

• Believed in “collective unconscious”Believed in “collective unconscious”• Introduced concept of archetypesIntroduced concept of archetypes• Developed notion of “individuation”Developed notion of “individuation”

Behavioral TheoryBehavioral Theory

• Behavior is learned and can be Behavior is learned and can be reinforced or modifiedreinforced or modified– John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson– B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson

• Goal of psychology-predict and Goal of psychology-predict and control behaviorcontrol behavior

• Observable and measurable Observable and measurable responses to specific stimuli were responses to specific stimuli were keys to behavior modificationkeys to behavior modification

• Classic experiment- “Little Albert”Classic experiment- “Little Albert”– Conditioned toddler to fear a rat/rabbitConditioned toddler to fear a rat/rabbit

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

• Introduced principles of Introduced principles of reinforcementreinforcement

• Virtually all behavior is learned from Virtually all behavior is learned from environmental experienceenvironmental experience– Salivating dogSalivating dog

Humanistic-Existential Humanistic-Existential Theory (1950s & 1960s)Theory (1950s & 1960s)

• Carl RogersCarl Rogers• Abraham MaslowAbraham Maslow

Carl RogersCarl Rogers

• Believed that “self-actualization” Believed that “self-actualization” was the way to live an authentic life-was the way to live an authentic life-client centered therapyclient centered therapy

Abraham MaslowAbraham Maslow

• Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs – Basic level needs must be met before Basic level needs must be met before

higher level needs can be realizedhigher level needs can be realized

PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacology

• Drugs help maintain a more Drugs help maintain a more “normal” neurochemistry“normal” neurochemistry– AntipsychoticsAntipsychotics– AntidepressantsAntidepressants– Antianxiety agentsAntianxiety agents– Sedative-hypnoticsSedative-hypnotics– Antiparkinsonian agentsAntiparkinsonian agents– AnticonvulsantsAnticonvulsants– Antimanic drugsAntimanic drugs

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