IFALPA ATC Meeting1

Performance Based Navigation

Erwin LassooijErwin Lassooij

Technical Officer/ FLS sectionTechnical Officer/ FLS section

Erwin LassooijErwin Lassooij

Technical Officer/ FLS sectionTechnical Officer/ FLS section

IFALPA ATC Meeting2

Presentation overview

PBN – BackgroundPBN – Background PBN – ConceptPBN – Concept PBN – StatusPBN – Status PBN – ImplementationPBN – Implementation

PBN – BackgroundPBN – Background PBN – ConceptPBN – Concept PBN – StatusPBN – Status PBN – ImplementationPBN – Implementation

IFALPA ATC Meeting3

Aviation challenges::

Growing demand for RNAV approaches (safety, Growing demand for RNAV approaches (safety, accessibility)accessibility)

Growing demand for solutions to airspace Growing demand for solutions to airspace congestioncongestion

Growing fuel efficiency requirementsGrowing fuel efficiency requirements Growing Environmental requirements Growing Environmental requirements

Most can be met with current technology, but Most can be met with current technology, but standardizationstandardization and and operational requirementsoperational requirements have to be put into placehave to be put into place

::

Growing demand for RNAV approaches (safety, Growing demand for RNAV approaches (safety, accessibility)accessibility)

Growing demand for solutions to airspace Growing demand for solutions to airspace congestioncongestion

Growing fuel efficiency requirementsGrowing fuel efficiency requirements Growing Environmental requirements Growing Environmental requirements

Most can be met with current technology, but Most can be met with current technology, but standardizationstandardization and and operational requirementsoperational requirements have to be put into placehave to be put into place

IFALPA ATC Meeting4

BackgroundICAO RNP concept

FANS identified need for performance based navigation and FANS identified need for performance based navigation and developed developed Required Navigation PerformanceRequired Navigation Performance capability concept : capability concept : To avoid need for ICAO selection between competing systemsTo avoid need for ICAO selection between competing systems

Manual on Required Navigation Performance (doc 9613)Manual on Required Navigation Performance (doc 9613) Addressed only the en-route phase of flight (RNP-10 and RNP-4) for Addressed only the en-route phase of flight (RNP-10 and RNP-4) for

oceanic and remote applicationsoceanic and remote applications No ICAO RNP requirements for continental enroute and terminal No ICAO RNP requirements for continental enroute and terminal

applications. This led to:applications. This led to: Proliferation of national standards Wide variety of functional requirements Variety of required navigation sensors Differing air crew requirements Lack of global harmonization

FANS identified need for performance based navigation and FANS identified need for performance based navigation and developed developed Required Navigation PerformanceRequired Navigation Performance capability concept : capability concept : To avoid need for ICAO selection between competing systemsTo avoid need for ICAO selection between competing systems

Manual on Required Navigation Performance (doc 9613)Manual on Required Navigation Performance (doc 9613) Addressed only the en-route phase of flight (RNP-10 and RNP-4) for Addressed only the en-route phase of flight (RNP-10 and RNP-4) for

oceanic and remote applicationsoceanic and remote applications No ICAO RNP requirements for continental enroute and terminal No ICAO RNP requirements for continental enroute and terminal

applications. This led to:applications. This led to: Proliferation of national standards Wide variety of functional requirements Variety of required navigation sensors Differing air crew requirements Lack of global harmonization

IFALPA ATC Meeting5

BackgroundIndustry’ s RNP concept

RNP concept has continued to evolve outside ICAORNP concept has continued to evolve outside ICAO

RTCA/EUROCAE defined performance and functional RTCA/EUROCAE defined performance and functional requirementsrequirements

Industry‘s RNP requires performance monitoring and alertingIndustry‘s RNP requires performance monitoring and alerting

ConflictConflict

Current ICAO concept does not require performance Current ICAO concept does not require performance monitoring and alertingmonitoring and alerting

Now we have two RNP concepts. Now we have two RNP concepts.

RNP concept has continued to evolve outside ICAORNP concept has continued to evolve outside ICAO

RTCA/EUROCAE defined performance and functional RTCA/EUROCAE defined performance and functional requirementsrequirements

Industry‘s RNP requires performance monitoring and alertingIndustry‘s RNP requires performance monitoring and alerting

ConflictConflict

Current ICAO concept does not require performance Current ICAO concept does not require performance monitoring and alertingmonitoring and alerting

Now we have two RNP concepts. Now we have two RNP concepts.

IFALPA ATC Meeting6

Are we now going the right way?

RNP

B-RNAV

P-RNAV

US-RNAV

RNP10

RNP 4

PRESENT RNP/

RNAV

Boeing

EuropeUS

Australia

Canada

South America

China

Japan

Airbus

FUTURE

Not safe, not efficient, costly, confusing

IFALPA ATC Meeting7

RNP in relation to area navigation

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

RNPRNPRNPRNP

OtherOther

RNAVRNAV

OtherOther

RNAVRNAV

IFALPA ATC Meeting8

RNP-where we are today

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

RNPRNPRNPRNP Other

RNAV

Other

RNAV

RNAV (GNSS)RNAV (GNSS)

Basic-GNSSBasic-GNSS

RNPRNP

APVAPV

LPVLPV

GAGANGAGAN

GRASGRAS

WAASWAAS

RNAV (GNSS)RNAV (GNSS)

Basic-GNSSBasic-GNSS

RNPRNP

APVAPV

LPVLPV

GAGANGAGAN

GRASGRAS

WAASWAAS

LAAS

LNAV

LNAV/VNAV

SBAS

GBAS

Baro-VNAV

Galileo

BRNAV

LAAS

LNAV

LNAV/VNAV

SBAS

GBAS

Baro-VNAV

Galileo

BRNAV

USRNAV A

USRNAV B

PRNAV

etc

etc.

USRNAV A

USRNAV B

PRNAV

etc

etc.

IFALPA ATC Meeting9

ICAO Recognizes the problems

Need for focal point in ICAO to address problems Need for focal point in ICAO to address problems experienced with RNP Concept (GNSSP/4 experienced with RNP Concept (GNSSP/4 recommendation 1/1)recommendation 1/1)

ANC approves establishment of ANC approves establishment of RRequired equired NNavigation avigation PPerformance erformance SSpecial pecial ooperational perational rrequirements equirements SStudy tudy GGroup (roup (RNPSORSGRNPSORSG) as ) as coordinating groupcoordinating group

Need for focal point in ICAO to address problems Need for focal point in ICAO to address problems experienced with RNP Concept (GNSSP/4 experienced with RNP Concept (GNSSP/4 recommendation 1/1)recommendation 1/1)

ANC approves establishment of ANC approves establishment of RRequired equired NNavigation avigation PPerformance erformance SSpecial pecial ooperational perational rrequirements equirements SStudy tudy GGroup (roup (RNPSORSGRNPSORSG) as ) as coordinating groupcoordinating group

IFALPA ATC Meeting10

Adjustment to the RNP concept required

Clear distinction between operations that require Clear distinction between operations that require performance monitoring and alerting and operations that performance monitoring and alerting and operations that don’t require performance monitoring and alertingdon’t require performance monitoring and alerting

Functionality requirementsFunctionality requirements Harmonization of current RNAV and RNP operationsHarmonization of current RNAV and RNP operations Development of new navigation specification to meet Development of new navigation specification to meet

operational demand. operational demand.

Need for clear operational approval requirementsNeed for clear operational approval requirements Need for clear implementation guidanceNeed for clear implementation guidance

Clear distinction between operations that require Clear distinction between operations that require performance monitoring and alerting and operations that performance monitoring and alerting and operations that don’t require performance monitoring and alertingdon’t require performance monitoring and alerting

Functionality requirementsFunctionality requirements Harmonization of current RNAV and RNP operationsHarmonization of current RNAV and RNP operations Development of new navigation specification to meet Development of new navigation specification to meet

operational demand. operational demand.

Need for clear operational approval requirementsNeed for clear operational approval requirements Need for clear implementation guidanceNeed for clear implementation guidance

IFALPA ATC Meeting11

RNP revised towards PBN

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

AreaArea

NavigationNavigation

RNPRNPRNPRNP

OtherOther

RNAVRNAV

OtherOther

RNAVRNAVPBNPBNPBNPBN

RNAV xRNAV xRNAV xRNAV x RNP xRNP xRNP xRNP x

Other RNAVOther RNAVOther RNAVOther RNAV

PBN is anchored in detailed navigation specifications, which contain performance and functionality requirements.

on-boardperformance monitoring+ alerting

No on-boardperformance monitoring+ alerting

IFALPA ATC Meeting12

Harmonization of existing navspecs

 

  

Area of Application Nav

accuracy

Designation of navigation standard:

Current situation

Designation of navigation

specification: PBN concept

(new)

Oceanic/Remote

10 RNP 10 RNAV 10(RNP 10 label)

4 RNP 4 RNP 4

EnRoute- Continental

5RNP 5Basic RNAV RNAV 5

En Route - Continental and Terminal

2 USRNAV type A RNAV 2

Terminal 1USRNAV type B andP-RNAV RNAV 1

 

Simplification results in lower costs for Operators and ANSP

IFALPA ATC Meeting13

Harmonization of RNAV operations not not covered by existing nav specs

 

  

Area of Application

Nav accuracy

(NM)

Designation of navigation standard:

Current situation

Designation of navigation

specification: PBN concept

(new)

Terminal 1Basic-GNSSSBAS Basic-RNP 1

Approach 1-0.3Basic-GNSS(Baro-VNAV)SBAS

RNP APCH

ApproachRNP SAAAR (US)

RNP AR APCH1-0.1

IFALPA ATC Meeting14

Approach and landing operation

Approach procedures

vertical guidance required

minima type Flight technique

NPA RNP APCH no MDA dive and driveCDFA (e.g. using baro-vnav)

APV RNP APCHRNP AR APCH

barometric DA vertical guidance

SBAS APV I/II geometric DA vertical guidance

PA GBAS Cat I geometric DA vertical guidance

IFALPA ATC Meeting15

RNP SORSG

PPerformance BBased NNavigation Concept

RNP10 RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1

N a v iga tio n S p ec if ica tio nsw itho u t co n ta in m e nt

R N P 1 , R N P 2 ,RNP4, RNP0.3 - 0 .1

R N P w ith a dd tio n a lre q u ire m e n ts(e .g . 3D , 4 D )

N a v iga tio n S p ec if ica tio nsre q u irin g co n ta in m e nt

P e rfo rm a n ce ba sedN a v iga tio n C o nce p t

RNP10 RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1

N a v iga tio n S p ec if ica tio nsw itho u t co n ta in m e nt

R N P 1 , R N P 2 ,RNP4, RNP0.3 - 0 .1

R N P w ith a dd tio n a lre q u ire m e n ts(e .g . 3D , 4 D )

N a v iga tio n S p ec if ica tio nsre q u irin g co n ta in m e nt

P e rfo rm a n ce ba sedN a v iga tio n C o nce p t

No perf. monitor and alerting

Perf. Monitor and alerting

RNP 4, Basic-RNP 1RNP APCH, RNP AR APCH

RNAV 10

Performance based navigation (PBN)

Area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft that are described in navigation specifications

IFALPA ATC Meeting16

ICAO ProvisionsPerformance Based Navigation Manual

PBN Manual to provide a “one-stop shop” for States on

how to implement RNAV and RNP in their airspace

PBN Manual consists of two volumes:

Volume I – Concept and Implementation Guidance

Concept of PBN and how it is used

Implementation Guidance to States / Regions

Volume II – Implementing RNAV and RNP

Compendium of Navigation Specifications

PBN Manual to provide a “one-stop shop” for States on

how to implement RNAV and RNP in their airspace

PBN Manual consists of two volumes:

Volume I – Concept and Implementation Guidance

Concept of PBN and how it is used

Implementation Guidance to States / Regions

Volume II – Implementing RNAV and RNP

Compendium of Navigation Specifications

RNAV 10RNAV 10 RNAV 1RNAV 1 RNP APCHRNP APCH

RNAV 5RNAV 5 RNP 4RNP 4 RNP AR APCHRNP AR APCH

RNAV 2RNAV 2 Basic RNP 1Basic RNP 1 Advanced RNP 1*Advanced RNP 1*

RNP 2RNP 2**

* Work in progress

IFALPA ATC Meeting17

Current status

Final draft of PBN manual is finalized Final draft of PBN manual is finalized

and posted on ICAO-NETand posted on ICAO-NET

State Letter with Navigation State Letter with Navigation

Specifications is on ICAO-NETSpecifications is on ICAO-NET

AN AN 11/45-07/22 11/45-07/22

Final draft of PBN manual is finalized Final draft of PBN manual is finalized

and posted on ICAO-NETand posted on ICAO-NET

State Letter with Navigation State Letter with Navigation

Specifications is on ICAO-NETSpecifications is on ICAO-NET

AN AN 11/45-07/22 11/45-07/22

IFALPA ATC Meeting18

PBN implementation goals Enroute airspace

(where RNAV ops required)

Area of operation: Oceanic and remote airspace Area of operation: Oceanic and remote airspace Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 10 and RNP 4Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 10 and RNP 4 Implementation strategy: 100% implementation by Implementation strategy: 100% implementation by 20102010

Area of operation: Enroute continentalArea of operation: Enroute continental Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 5, 2, and 1, Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 5, 2, and 1, Implementation strategy: 100% by Implementation strategy: 100% by 20142014

Area of operation: Oceanic and remote airspace Area of operation: Oceanic and remote airspace Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 10 and RNP 4Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 10 and RNP 4 Implementation strategy: 100% implementation by Implementation strategy: 100% implementation by 20102010

Area of operation: Enroute continentalArea of operation: Enroute continental Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 5, 2, and 1, Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 5, 2, and 1, Implementation strategy: 100% by Implementation strategy: 100% by 20142014

IFALPA ATC Meeting19

PBN implementation goals Terminal airspace

(where RNAV ops required)

Area of operation: Terminal area Area of operation: Terminal area Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 1,2 and Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 1,2 and

Basic-RNP 1Basic-RNP 1 Implementation strategy: 100% by Implementation strategy: 100% by 20162016

Area of operation: Terminal area Area of operation: Terminal area Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 1,2 and Applicable navigation specifications: RNAV 1,2 and

Basic-RNP 1Basic-RNP 1 Implementation strategy: 100% by Implementation strategy: 100% by 20162016

IFALPA ATC Meeting20

PBN implementation goals Approach

Area of operation: Approach (RNP)Area of operation: Approach (RNP)

Applicable navigation specifications: Applicable navigation specifications:

RNP APCH RNP APCH

RNP AR APCH (if normal straight-in approach is RNP AR APCH (if normal straight-in approach is operationally not feasible)operationally not feasible)

Implementation strategy:Implementation strategy:

All instrument runways: All instrument runways:

APV to all runway ends by 2016.APV to all runway ends by 2016.

NPA where APV is operationally not possibleNPA where APV is operationally not possible

Area of operation: Approach (RNP)Area of operation: Approach (RNP)

Applicable navigation specifications: Applicable navigation specifications:

RNP APCH RNP APCH

RNP AR APCH (if normal straight-in approach is RNP AR APCH (if normal straight-in approach is operationally not feasible)operationally not feasible)

Implementation strategy:Implementation strategy:

All instrument runways: All instrument runways:

APV to all runway ends by 2016.APV to all runway ends by 2016.

NPA where APV is operationally not possibleNPA where APV is operationally not possible

IFALPA ATC Meeting21

Implementation

Leadership role for ICAOLeadership role for ICAO FamiliarizationFamiliarization ImplementationImplementation Optimization of ICAO provisionsOptimization of ICAO provisions

States States Develop implementation plan by 31/12/2009Develop implementation plan by 31/12/2009 Follow through with planFollow through with plan

StakeholdersStakeholders cooperate with States in their implementation cooperate with States in their implementation commit the resources necessary to carry out their part of commit the resources necessary to carry out their part of

the strategy the strategy

Leadership role for ICAOLeadership role for ICAO FamiliarizationFamiliarization ImplementationImplementation Optimization of ICAO provisionsOptimization of ICAO provisions

States States Develop implementation plan by 31/12/2009Develop implementation plan by 31/12/2009 Follow through with planFollow through with plan

StakeholdersStakeholders cooperate with States in their implementation cooperate with States in their implementation commit the resources necessary to carry out their part of commit the resources necessary to carry out their part of

the strategy the strategy

IFALPA ATC Meeting22

Familiarization- Computer Based Training

IFALPA ATC Meeting23

Familiarization“Introduction to PBN” Seminar

Bangkok

10-14 September 2007

Montreal

13-15 June 2007

New Delhi

17-21 September 2007Mexico City

23-27 June 2008

Lima

16-20 June 2008

Moscow

14-18 April 2008

Cairo

12-14 November

2007Dakar

14-18 January 2008

Nairobi

21-25 January 2008

Brussels21-25 April 2008

IFALPA ATC Meeting24

Summary

PBN concept is establishedPBN concept is established

Familiarization is imminentFamiliarization is imminent

ICAO must assume leadership role in ICAO must assume leadership role in implementation:implementation:

Close coordination between ANB, TCB and Close coordination between ANB, TCB and regional offices necessaryregional offices necessary

Speak with one voice to States and Speak with one voice to States and stakeholders stakeholders

Commitment and active involvement required from Commitment and active involvement required from States and other stakeholders.States and other stakeholders.

PBN concept is establishedPBN concept is established

Familiarization is imminentFamiliarization is imminent

ICAO must assume leadership role in ICAO must assume leadership role in implementation:implementation:

Close coordination between ANB, TCB and Close coordination between ANB, TCB and regional offices necessaryregional offices necessary

Speak with one voice to States and Speak with one voice to States and stakeholders stakeholders

Commitment and active involvement required from Commitment and active involvement required from States and other stakeholders.States and other stakeholders.