ifat 2010 josef barth, european compost network ecn biowaste in the context of eu legislation - the...
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IFAT 2010
Josef Barth, European Compost Network ECN
Biowaste in the Context of EU Legislation- The Need and Approaches for Realisation
IFAT 2010
About the European Compost Network ECN
European Reference Point
on
Exchange of Knowledge
Exchange of Experience
Circulation ofInformation Common
Strategies
EuropeanStandards
Mech.Biol. Treatm.
Quality & Markets
Composting
Separate Collection
Anaerobic Digestion
Sustainable solutions for the organic residues stream
IFAT 2010
Raw Material Potentialand Treatment
IFAT 2010
Potential of organic waste in EU27:115 M tonnes / year
Recycling in 2008:15 M tonnes biowaste11 M tonnes green waste4.5 M tonnes digested
= 15 M tonnes compost
With separate collectioncomposting/digestion
In implementation
In preparation
only few actions
Italy3,5 M tonnes
240 sites
UK 220 sites3 M tonnes
Austria 300 compost + 400 AD sites - 1,3 M tonnes
NL 70 sites3,2 M t.
Only 1/4 of the potential -
still a long way to go
Only 1/4 of the potential -
still a long way to go
DE800 sites10 M tonnes
+4500 sitesfor digestion
IFAT 2010
Organics Recycling by Composting in Europe (2009)
Degradation of separatelycollected organic wastes of housholds, gardens,parks and commerce
Ca. 2000 sites of which 40 % treat only green waste
Annual capacity -> 22 Mio. t
Additionally around 800 small agricultural co-composting plants mainly in Germany and Austria
Large potential for agricultural composting in accession countries and Austria, Scandinavia, Ireland, Spain and Portugal
Target: Manufacturing of a PRODUCT for fertilisation, soil improvement and humus management.
IFAT 2010
Green/Garden Waste Composting
Greenwaste composting in open windrows is state of the art in all European countries with very differing approaches from 200 t/y small scale up to 70.000 t/y high specialised composting companies producing high price growing media, potting soils with peat replacement
It is the main composting type for source separated organics in Finland, Denmark, UK, Irland and France
Examples of treatment capacities: - 3,0 mio t Germany - 1,7 mio t Netherlands, - 1,0 mio t France - 0,4 mio t in Sweden and - 0,4 mio t in Belgium (Flanders)
IFAT 2010
Energy and Compost in Combination
3 grain sizes in one screeningto separate the wooden part as biomass for energy
Partial stream digestion or enlargementof existing compost plants with adigestion step
IFAT 2010
Status Anaerobic Digestion of OrganicResidues & Feedstocks in EU (2009)
Target: Production of biofuels (Sweden, Switzerland), renewable energy and and organic fertilisers.
• 100 large AD sites with 4,5 million tons capacity for organic waste - post composting recommanded
• Additionally 5000 agricultural digestion and co-digestion sites (mainly Germany, Austria) for organic waste, agricultural residues and energy crops)
IFAT 2010
Use of Biogas/Biomethane
80 % in Europe in decentral combined
heat and power CHP units with anincreasing external use of the heat.
Power generated is mostly sold to public grid as "green energy"
< 20 % biogas upgrading to biomethane mainly Sweden and Switzerland and Austria) as fuel replacing fossil natural gas.
IFAT 2010
Status of MBT and MSW Composting/AD (2009)
-> Treatment of residual waste without or after separate collection by composting or digestion mostly to stabilise it before landfilling
280 plants - 18 million t/year = ? 3 million t compost mainly in Italy, Germany, Austria (France, Spain)
Target: Production of organic material (WASTE!) which can be used in restricted areas (= Mixed Waste Compost MSWC) or with very low organic matter content which is suitable for landfilling (= Stabilised Biowaste SBW or SOF or CLO)
Composting Anaerobic Digestion
IFAT 2010
Use of recycled organics on soils in EU
Organics in residual waste
Organics in residual waste
Biological Treatment - Composting or DigestionBiological Treatment - Composting or Digestion
Mixed municipalsolid waste
Mixed municipalsolid waste
Sep. collectedOrganics
Sep. collectedOrganics
Stabilisedorganics
Stabilisedorganics
Waste compost
Waste compost
Product for the market
Product for the market
Restricted application
Restricted application
Controlledapplication
Controlledapplication
Good practiceapplication
Good practiceapplication
IFAT 2010
The Role of Bioenergy(Wood, Wooden Residues, Biogas, Organic Waste)
Source: DBFZ according to Eurostat
Natural gas 23,9%
Mineral oil 36,4% Coal
16,3%
Nuclear power 13,4%
Renewable Energy 7,8%
Bioenergyca. 70 %
Geothermal Energy
Solar EnergyWind Power
Water Power
Bioenergyproduction
in 2007 4000 PJ/y
=ca. 25 % of
the potential
Structure of the primary energy consumption in the EU27 in 2007(ca. 75.600 PJ/a)
EU-Directive for renewable Energy (EU RED)
- Increase of the renewable energy portion up to 20 % in 2020
- Increase of the biofuel portion in fuel up to 10 %
IFAT 2010
Future challenge: When to do what with the biomass?
CompostingAnaerobic Digestion
Biomass for Energy
Germany: 10 mio. t of organic waste from households, gardens- + parks
Ca. 8.0 mio. tons Composting (biowaste, garden- & park waste)
Ca. 1.0 mio tons Anaerobic digestion (wet biowaste, catering waste, grease trap)
Ca. 1.0 mio. tons Biomass incineration (Garden & park residues, residual wood)
Where are theoverlapping
areas?
Where are theborderlines of
the options
Source:Dr. B. KehresBGK, 2007
IFAT 2010
Biowaste Policy
IFAT 2010
Why Increase of Biowaste Recycling in Europe?
Key policy drivers in Europe
EC Landfill Directive which requires up to 65% diversion of organics in waste from landfilling
EC Soil Protection Strategy/Soil Biodiversty
EC Climate Change Programme
EU Renewable Energy/Biomass Targets
Additional drivers- Recycling of valuable resources e.g. Plant nutrients
(Phosphorus!!!, Nitrogen) and organic matter for soils)
- Peat replacement- Cost savings delivered by waste/landfill taxes
IFAT 2010
45 % of the European Soilsare Poor/low in Humus
EU Soil Thematic Strategy
Communication says:
"Compost is the best source for humus/
organicmatter production"
= LOW
IFAT 2010
Potential Offered by Optimisation of Bio-waste Management & Possible Benefits
• CO2 savings potential – 10 - 50 Mt of CO2 (including prevention)
• Soil improvement potential – between 3 - 7% of agricultural soils could be improved
• Potential for renewable energy – maximum 7% of 2020 target if maximized energy production at cost of recycling
• Potential to meet biofuel production targets = 42 % - if the bio-waste is subject to anaerobic digestion and biogas is used as biofuel
• Recycling of resources – Nutrients P & N and organic matter. Phosphor reserves only for 70 years!
• Landfill Directive diversion targets – Remove of organics before landfilling (65 % until 2016!)
Source: European Commission DG Env.Source: European Commission DG Env.
IFAT 2010
Approach for Needed Changes
Rethinking is needed in policy, in economy, in commerce and public towards:
ORGANIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT! Sustainable and effective management of our resources in closed loops will become the key factor for the future.
But: European Commission, DG Environment concluded in May 2010 as result of 2 years scientific evaluation in an Impact Assessment on the need of bio-waste legislation:
"no policy gaps that PREVENT Member States from taking appropriate actions …" and therefore "no need to promote biowaste recycling through a European legal instrument" .
Question: Does this conclusion reflect common practice and successful developments in the European waste sector???
IFAT 2010
So, what do we need to realise the biowaste recycling benefits?
A PUSH and PULL approach
IFAT 2010
Market Pull
Compost & digestate marketing is confidence marketing
• Range of value added products
• Marketed to various sectors
• Achieving customer confidence
• Standardised high quality product
• Independently controlled
• Clean source material
• Status: Confidence of both private and professional customers requires SEPARATE COLLECTION
IFAT 2010
Market Requires Best Qualities
Experiences of European compost producers:
+
Separatecollection of organic waste
Clean source
=
Quality Assurance
= External!! control
Quality Compost & digestate fit for use
Product status
IFAT 2010
Regulatory Push
• Binding targets drive the recycling sectors• E.g. targets in the Landfill Directive (!!), Packaging and
Packaging Waste Directive and renewable energy sources in RES-Directive
• Only targets and legislation have led to investment in infrastructure and changes in practices
• Regulatory “bridge” needed to implement Article 22 (Biowaste) in the WFD and provide framework for sustainable biowaste recycling• Targets for biowaste treatment incl. provisions for separate
collection needed to drive this
• Example approach in Sweden• NATIONAL target for 35 % of separately collected
biowaste sent for biological treatment• A very flexible approach – can be applied to most
appropriate situations in the Member States
IFAT 2010
EBA - European Biogas Association Avenue de la Fauconnerie 73 1170 Brussels BELGIUM
European Compost Network ECN/ ORBIT e.V. Postbox 22 29 99403 Weimar GERMANY
EEB – European Environmental Bureau Bvd de Waterloo, 34 1000 Brussels BELGIUM
FEAD - European Federation of Waste Management and Environmental Services Rue Philippe Le Bon, 15 1000 Brussels BELGIUM
I SWA – I nternational Solid Waste Association 123 Mariahilfer Strasse, 3rd Floor 1060 Vienna AUSTRIA
RREUSE - Reuse and Recycling EU Social Enterprises Rue d’Edimbourg 26 1050 Brussels BELGIUM
THE BIOWASTE ALLIANCE MEMBERS
Calling on the Need for European-Wide Legislation Covering the Treatment of Biowaste
THE BIOWASTE ALLIANCE MEMBERS
Calling on the Need for European-Wide Legislation Covering the Treatment of Biowaste
and Association of Cities and Regions for Recycling and Sustainable Resource Management ACR+
and Association of Cities and Regions for Recycling and Sustainable Resource Management ACR+
IFAT 2010
Member States Expectations: The Bio-waste Coalition
• Established in 2006
• Members: Austria, Blegium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain
• Demanding for legislative measures on EU levelon biowaste in form of a Biowaste Directive which include binding targets
IFAT 2010
The European Parliament's Vision on Bio-waste
In April 2010, the MEP José Manuel Fernandes stated that he: “Urges the Commission to review the legislation applicable to bio-waste with a view ... to drawing up a proposal for a specific directive by the end of 2010”.
This was also confirmed by the Environment Committee of the Parliament in May and June of this year with a very clear vote for a stand alone Bio-waste Directive and a mandatory separate collection of biowaste.
Question: What do we need more???
IFAT 2010
Realising the Bio-waste Recycling Vision
Sustainable Bio-waste Policy and Legislation enables:
• Framework for both public and private sectors to plan and invest
• Collaboration and integration of recycling systems
• Critical mass and adequate returns on investment
• Innovation
• Reduced economic, social and environmental risk
• Gaining confidence of market and consumers
• Successful biowaste recycling across the EU27 through targets and quality assurance systems
IFAT 2010
Thank you!
European Compost Network ECN e.V.
Net: www.compostnetwork.info
Email: [email protected]