ifm solutions ipm training course

8/9/2019 IFM Solutions IPM Training Course

1/57

r

PM Training

ourse

Integrated production modelling

-.

-

VIII>C:IdadU.-..

-------------- .-----

t - _ . ~ ~ - -

i ;._.

, .

l

\

An

Introduction

to PROSPER MBAL and GAP

Oifmsolutions

..._ .. INTEGRATED

FIELD

MODELING

JHf 1oso {l


2/57

1

bifmsolutions

N T E G R / ~ o T E D

FIELD MODELING

{

{

IPM Training Manual

opyright notice

The copyright in this manual is the property of ifm-so/utions. All rights reserved.

No

part

of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcript, translate, store in a retrieval

system by any means, electronical ly, mechanically, magnetic, opt ic

or

any otherwise

or

disclose

to

third party without the prior consent

of

ifm-so/utions.

ifm-so/utions. All rights reserved.

/PM

suite, GAP PROSPER MBAL, PVTP REVEAL RESOLVE IFM and Open Server are trademarks of

Petroleum Experts Ltd.

The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement.

The

software may be

used

or

copied only in accordance

with the

terms of

the

agreement.

t

is against the law

to

copy the

software on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license agreement.

lfm-so/utions Contact details:

Email: [email protected]

Tel. +54-11-48718937

www.ifm-solutions.com

Junin 1057 4D

Buenos Aires

Argentina

Petroleum Experts Ltd contact details:

Email: [email protected]

Te. +44-131-4747030

www.petex.com

Petex House

10 Logie Mill

Edinburgh EH7 4HG

Scotland, UK


HIJ. Josiluill

H l z ; ~

ft.

Fiscal de

Produccl on

V P A C F D R P

YPF

Page 2 62 JFM-Solutions


3/57

Oifmsolutions

( ~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

~ .

I

I

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

/PM training course introduc tion ...............................................................................................................................................4

The concept of IPM .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

The /PM modelling platform .................................................................................................................................................... 6

Introduction and scope of work ................................................................................................................................................7

MBAL ........................................................................................ ...............................................................................................8

Tutorial

M 01:

Performing

the history

matching in MBAL

for

a

gas reservo ir ........................................................................... 9

Tutorial

M-02: Perform

the

history matching in MBAL

for

an

oil

reservo ir .............................................................................10

Tutorial

M-03:

History matching in MBAL for

a

gas and condensate reservoi r .......................................................................12

Tutorial M-04: MBAL

oil

field

history

match ing and pred ictions ............................................................................................. 13

Tutorial

M-05:

Performing predictions in

MBAL

for a gas reservo ir ........................................................................................ 15

PROSPER ..................................................................................................................................................................................

16

Tutorial P-01: PROSPER introduction:._ constructing an ail well mode ...................................................................................17

Tuto rial P-02: Basic example gas

w ll

model cons truc tion ...................................................................................................... 20

Tutorial P-03:

PVT

Black oil ma tching far an oil well mode/ ....................................................................................................23

Tutorial P-04: Selecting and matching a mu tiphase flow correlation

for

an oil wel l model ................................................... 24

Tutorial P-05: Oil well model cal ibration review exercise ........................................................................................................ 27

Tutorial

P-06: Gas well model

perfo rmance analysis ............................................................................................................... 31

Tutorial P-07: Gas well modelling pe rformance Hydraulic frac turing ...................................................................................... 32

Tutor ia P-08: Gas and condensate wet model .......................................................................................................................

34

Tutorial P-09: Electrical submersible

pump

design ..................................................................................................................36

Tutorial P-10: Gas lift design ....................................................................................................................................................38

GAP ..........................................................................................................................................................................................41

Tutorial G-01: Gas

and

condensate field integrated

production

model

set

up ...................................................................... 42

Tutorial G-02: Integrated Production model Solve

Network

................................................................................................44

Tutorial G-03: Integrated P roduction Model Production forecast .......................................................................................46

Tutorial

G-04: Integrated

model

for an Oil fiel d ...................................................................................................................... 47

Work shop ................................................................................................................................................................................48

Tutorial W-01:

Gas

fiel d Integrated model ..............................................................................................................................48

Tutorial

W-02: Gas field integrated

model

Part 2 ........... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............ ........ .... ................ ........... 54

Tutorial

W-03: Offshore Oil field

development

plan ..................................................................... ........................................ 55

Tutorial W-04: Tight gas well modelling .................................................................. .............................................................. 57

ww.ifm-solutions.com

Page 3/62

IFM-Solutions


4/57

c

bifmsolutions

r

INTEGRATED FlE\ 0

MOOEUNG

IPM Training Manual

,-.-------------------------------------------------------------

r

r

'

r

r

r

r

r

IPM training course introduction

Objectives

Learn how to use the software and develop skills

n

the use of

IPM

Basic understanding

of the

physics

Understanding

the

limitations

of methods

and techniques used

Agenda

Dayl

Day 2

Day

Day4

DayS


Introduction to MBAL

Materia balance concept review

History matching

o Graphical method (Havlena Odeh, Campbell, Cole)

o Analytical method

o Aquifer models

MB L Simulation

Fractional f low matching Fw, Fg)

MBAL predictions in standalone

basis.

MBAL

exercises for

OJ ,

Gas

and condensate fluid.

Introduction

to PROPSER

Nodal analysis concept review

The importance of the PVT

Pressure loss in the wei bore

Selecting and matching a multiphase flow correlation

Analyzing the well performance

Introduction

to

GAP

Building a surface network model

Integrating PROSPER and

MBAL

files

Performing production forecasting

within

GAP

Integrated model Workshop

Field development planning using PM

This is a review of all concepts learnt

(MBALPROSPER-GAP)

PVT

equation

of

state characterization

Tight gas well modelling

(PROSPER,

MBAL,

GAP)

ESP design

Gas

lif t design

Page 4/62

IFM-Solutions


5/57

bifmsolutions

( INTEGR TED FJELD MO EUNG

IPM

Training Manual

------------------------------------------------------------------------

The concept

of

IPM

A production system can be visualised in a simple form as shown in the next sketch:

To obtain how much oil/gas we can recover

will

depend on the interaction of

the

reservoir wells and facilities.

ny strategy designed to maximize the oil/gas recovery of the field requires

simultaneous modelling of the reservoir wells and facilities up to the delivery point.

Decision making process should be based on an integrated model to avoid isolated

decision

th t

will

meet

constraints

in

other

parts of

the

system.


Page 5/62

< IFM SoJutions


6/57

bifmsolutions

~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

{

{

{

I

The IPM

modelling

platform

The Petroleum Experts toolkit is designed to build and study a complete integrated model.

t

has

the following tools that are used

for

dif ferent modelling aspects.

GAP

Surface network modelling and optimization tool.

PROSPER

Single wellbore-modelling tool

MBAL

Material balance reservoir modelling

tool

PVTP Fluid characterisation tool

The fol lowing sketch is drawn to explain how these tools interact with each other.

G P

PROSPER

MB L

PVTP is used to characterise the fluid pressure- volume temperature behaviour and is used to

construct models

that

will be used by

other

tools

GAP

is the total system-modelling tool. t models the surface network internally. For modelling the

reservoirs

it uses

MBAL tool. For well modelling

GAP uses PROSPER

C ._._ _._..__._._. __. _.


Page

6/62

IFM Solutions


7/57

ifmsolutions

.-..

INTEGR TED FIELD MODELlNG

--

.r

(

IPM Training Manual

Introduction and scope

o

work

In

the

overall scheme

that we will

follow during this course we will build an integrated model of a

very simple condensate field.

Then we

will

model each component

of the

system the wells the reservoirs and the gathering

network in a sequential manner.

At each stage we

will

be adding more information

that

may be available to us and see

the

value of

the added information.

We

will

star t using MBAL to construct the material balance reservoir model.

The next stage

is

the construction

of

the well model in PROSPER

At the end we should be capable to use the field scale integrated model to study the response

of

our total system.

In

order

to keep track

of

what we will be doing it is better to use the following directory structure.

{:J CD1ive

\{J

Day1

Wl Day2

Wl

Day3

L Q Day4

www.ifm-solutions.com Page 7 62

I M ~ S o l u t i o n s


8/57

I

I

r

r--

MB L

MBAL is

the

material balance modelling

tool

This

tool

can help

the

reservoir engineer

to

understand

the

reservoir behaviour and its drive mechanisms and perform predictions.

Methodology

Through exercises the engineer will familiarize

with the

use of

the

material balance

tool within

MBAL.

The engineer will have to solve reservoir engineering problems applying

the

material balance

concept.

The exercises and tutorials have been design

to

learn

how to:

1

Construct models

PVT

input data, selecting and matching a black oil correlation

Enter

tank

parameters and product ion history

2. Performing history matching

Calibrating

the

model

with

graphical methods Campbell, Cole, P/2, Havlena and

Ode h)

Analytical

method

Fractional

flow

curve matching, Fw,

Fg

Obtaining

the

OOIP IIP

Estimating

the

parameters

of

the

aquifer

to

obtain

the

best match

Estimating

the

drive mechanism

3

Running a simulation

4 Production forecast using MBAL

in

standalone.


Page

8/62

FMSolutions


9/57

r fiifmsolutions

( ~ I N T E G R T E D FJELD

MODE.LING

r

r

r

r

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial M-01: Performing the history matching in MBAL for a

gas

reservoir

Objectives:

Familiarize the user with MBAL and practice the procedure to perform a history matchingof a

gas

reservoir mater ial balance model.

Reservoir data

PVT

. .

'Parameters

...

> Value

..

I ..

units

.

Specific

gas

gravity 0.85

Separator pressure

990

Psig

CGR (Condensate to gas ratio)

2 Stb/MMscf

Oil density 42 API

Water

salinity 10000 Ppm

H2S

0

C02

0

N2

0

The reservoir is

at

a depth

of

9700 feet,

the

initial reservoir pressure is 4365 psig. The average

reservoir thickness estimated with logs is 28

feet

with an average porosity

of

19 . The connate

water

saturation

is

estimated in 20 .

The reservoir temperature is 200 F. The average reservoir permeabi lity estimated

with

pressure

transient analysis is 20 md. The equivalent reservoir radius is estimated in 30000 feet .

Pseudo relative permeability curves data

..

Phase.

>

Residual Saturation.

I . ;_ ___

_-- ' Value

-; -_.--.-

I

Units ._,

.

---

Oil initial in place

MMstb

Gas initia l in place

Bscf

Actual oil recovery factor

Active aquifer exist

Yes/No

Is

there an initial gas cap? Yes/No

Main drive mechanism

ection : Production forecast

The field is currently producing with only one well, called Well-1. The productiv ity index of

Weil-l

is

16.5 stb/day/psi and the

VLP for

this well

is

located in the auxiliary files folder AuxJiles\dayl\we/1-

l.tpd .

The well

is

producing

to

a separator with a pressure of 360 psig with a maximum capacity of 3500

stb/day

of

liquid.

Perform a production forecast unt il the end of the concession 01/01/2025 and show the evolution of

the oil production rate, water cut and GOR.

Estimate the oil recovery factor n 2025

nd

the oil proved developed reserves

What would you da to improve

the

recovery factor?

Quantify your suggestions using MBAL.

ave this tutorial

as

M-04.mbi

r-------------------------------------------------


Page

14/62

lFM Solutions


15/57

Gifmsolutions

...._.,.. INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

r

r

r

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial M 05: Performing predictions in MBAL for a gas reservoir

Objectives Perform a production forecasting for a

gas

reservoir using well models.

Using

as

a basis the MBAL file created in tutorial M-01 and the field and well model information

provided below a perform a production forecast until the end of the concession 01/01/2027.

The field is currently producing with 4 wells (M5-1, M5-2, M5-3 and M5-4) to a separator operating

at 1200 psig.

All the wells have the same tubing configuration

3

Y, Tubing) and the VLP are attached in the

auxiliary files folder. Aux_Files\day1\M05-Gas_well.tpd)

The

IPR of

the wells are described with the C and N model and a summary

is

shown in the next table:

. . ..

.

Well:

'c:

.

C Mscf/day/psi

.

N

.

M5-1

0.008345 0.94123

M5-2 0.011195 0.92674

M5-3

0.0082 0.94

M5-4

0.007865 0.93771

Questions

Perform a production forecast until 01/01/2027 and answer

the

following points:

. Variables

.

I

Value Units

Plot the

gas

production rate evolution

Estimate the gas recovery factor in 2027

Estimate the gas proved developed reserves

Bscf

Estimate the P/2 abandonment value

psig

The contract department

s

negotiating a better

gas

price; however t

is

necessary to provide at least

40 MMscf/day of

gas

untillQZO.

The question

th t

has been asked to your department

is

if it

is

possible to achieve this level

of

production and what actions or investments would

be

required.

Explain the solution:.

y

8 . ? . ? . ~ . - : : . ~ t ? . f .

.

&.:

: : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : : : ~ ~ ~ ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

. t ~ ~ . ~ ~ / ' : f I M e . J .

7

r ~ ~ cft': .6w, .

,-------------------------------------------------


Page

15/62

IFM Solutions

r


16/57

bifmsolutions

INTEGR TED FIELD MODELING

r

IPM Training Manual

PROSP R

Methodology

Through exercises the engineer wi ll familiarize with the use of PROSPER and well performance

evaluation.

The engineer will

have to

solve production engineering problems to analyze the performance of oil

and gas wells.

The

exercises and u t o r i a l s have been design to learn how to

1. Construct models

PVT

input data, selecting and matching a black oil correlat ion

Enter well information

2 Calibrating

or

matching the model

Calibrating the PVT

Matching and selecting a multiphase flow correlation

Calibrating

an

IPR model

3 Evaluating the performance of the well

4. Performing sensitivity analysis

to

evaluate future conditions

5 Performing the design of artificial lift system

6

Generating

lift

curves for numerical simulators

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------.


Page 16/62 M ~ S o l u t i o n s


17/57

bifmsolutions

~ I N T E G R T E D

FIELD MODELING

r

r

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial P 01: PROSPER

introduction

constructing an oil well model

Objectives:

Familiarize the user with PROSPER and the input of data

Perform basic calculations

in PROSPER

Construct an oil naturally flowing well and obtain results

Expected calculations:

Considering a well

head

pressure

of

400 psig and actual conditions

of

reservoir we would like

to

know:

Estimate oil production rate.

Estimate flowing bottom-hole pressure.

Estimate well head temperature.

Data

PVTdata

Variable

.

.

..

.

Solution GOR

Oil density

Gas gravity

Water salinity

Deviation Survey

Value

430

34

0.73

85000

Deviation Survey

.

.

.

.

. ..

.

...

..

True vertical

Unit

Scf/stb

API

ppm

1

Geothermal :

gradient .

e a s u r ~ ~

..

. Temperature .

I

depth :

L dE pth ..

. "F

..

m


18/57

Oifmsolutions

( , ~ I N T E G R A T E D

FJEL MODELING

r

'

r

r

r

IPM Training Manual

Down hole equipment data

Down hole equipment

.

. .

Description

Depth

ID Roughness

m

inch

inch

Xmas

tree

0

Tubing 1000 2.992 0.0006

Restriction 1000 2.75 0.0006

Tubing

2700 2.992

0.0006

Casing

2930 6.366 0.0006

Geothermal gradient

Measure depth

I

Temperature

. ..

m

F .

..

0

80

2930

163

Overall heat transfer coefficient

U :

8 BTU/h/ft

2

/F

U Overall he t transfer coefficient)

It is used to calculate

the

heat transfer between

the

well and its surroundings

It is obtain from well test when well head temperature is available

In

cose

of

ack

of

well head temperature the following rule

of

humb can

be

used:

Oil

and water wells :

Condensate wells:

Dry and wet gas wells:

8

10

Btu/h/Jf F

7

Btu/h/Jf

F

1 3

Btu/h/Jf

~

~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

IPRdata

>

Variable

...

Value.

. . llif

Reservoir pressure 2571 psig

Reservoir temperature 163 F

r

Water cut 0

Productivity Index 3.5 Stb/day/psi

.

age

18/62ww.ifm-solutions.com

(


19/57

~ b i f m s o l u t i o n s

~ I N T E G R T E D FIEL MO ELING

r

IPM Training Manual

Results

For a well head pressure of 400 psig and 0 water cut estimate:

Variable

Well head temperature

Save

the

PROSP R

file

s

P Ol.out

r

r

r

r

r

www.ifm solutions.com Page 19/62 IFM Solutions

r


20/57

~ i f m s o l u t i o n s

~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODEliNG

I

IPM Training Manual

-------------------------------------------------

Tutorial P 02: Basic example gas w ll model construction

Objectives:

Familiarize the user

with PROSPER

and the

input of

data

Perform calculations in PROSPER

Construct a gas well model in PROSPER with the data available and obtain results.

Expected

results:

Considering a well head pressure

of

1000 psig and actual reservoir conditions we would like

to

know:

r

r

( -,

r

Data:

PVT

Estimate

the

gas production rate

Estimate the flowing bottom hole pressure

Obtain well head temperature

Variable

:

.

.

Separator pressure

Oil/Condensate density

CGR

WGR

Water salinity

Gas composition

Value

1000

50

1

2

90000

Compo ent

Molar fraction

... .

. . .

.

..

.

Nitrogen

2

Carbon dioxide

0.5%

Methane

95

Ethane

2

Propane

0.5

Apparent molecular

weight

of

air: 28.96

lbm/lbmol

I


Page 20/62

/

:

' '\'

'

Units

.

.

Psig

API

Stb/MMscf

Stb/MMscf

ppm

Molecular weight

. .

ibm/lbmol

.

28

16

30

M ~ S o l u t i o n s


21/57

1

~ i m s o l u t i o n s

r INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

-------------------------------------------------------------

Down-hole equipment data

m

0

3000

Geothermal

gradient

224

l_: . ~

..

Down hole equipment.

. ..

-

1

:Description.

Dl1pthm

.

ID

I

. .

. . .

.

.

.inch.

Xmas

tree 0

Tubing 2500 2.992

Restriction

2500 2.75

Tubing 2800 2.992

Casing

3000 6.366

U

Overall heat transfer coefficient): 3 BTU/h/ft

2

/F

IPR

data

..

Variable

.

Value

,

Unit ..

Reservoir pressure

1760 psig

Reservoir Temperature 224 F

WGR

2 Stb/MMscf

CGR

1 Stb/MMscf

Permeability 2 md

Net thickness 34 m

Drainage Area 100 Acres

Wei/bore radius 0.354 Ft

Perforation thickness 34

m

Skin 1

c Dietz shape factor) 31.6

,.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ww.ifm-solutions.com Page 21/62

IFM-Solutions


22/57


23/57

1

bifmsolutions

(

INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

------------------------------------------------------------------

r

c

Tutorial P 03: PVT Black oil matching for an oil well model

This tutoria l

will

show you

how

to

match the

PVT

using lab data.

Objectives

Demonstrate

the

procedure to calibrate

the PVT of

an oil well model

Review concepts

of

pressure

drop

and the importance

of

the

PVT

Start the exercise from

PROSPER

file created in Tutorial

P Ol.

P-Ol.out)

Data

PVTdata

Variables

. .

.

. . .

Value

Units..

Solution GOR 430 Scf/stb

Oil density 34

API

Gas

specific

gr vity

0.73

Water

Salinity 85000

ppm

PVT

lab data:

Tem11en1ture

Pressure

.GOR

Bo

F

c

psig

-

Scf/Stbc._

Rb/stb

163 2571 430 1.204

163 2235 *PB 430 1.209

163

1522

281

1.139

PB: Bubble point)

J loll

Cp

0.87

0.84

-

Variable> .

.

.

.

. Value

.

Selected

multi

phase correlation

for

Bo,Pb,

GOR

Selected

multi

phase correlation

for t o i l

,-------------------------------------------------


JFM Solutions


24/57

Oifmsolutions

.


IPM Training Manual

---------------------------------------------------------

--._

Tutorial P-04: Selecting and matching a multiphase

flow

correlation for an oil

well model

Create

an

oil well model in PROSPER match the well model with measure data available. Using the

calibrated model estimate the water cut at which

the

naturally flowing well

can

no longer flow.

bjectives

Demonstrate

the

procedure to calibrate a multiphase

flow

correlation

for an

oil well model

Use the

calibrated model to obtain production rate

Data

PVT data Tutorial 04 explains this section)

Variables.

.

.

value

Units

Solution

GOR

430 Scf/stb

Oil density 34 API

Gas

specific gravity 0.73

Water Salinity 85000 ppm

PVT lab data:

Temperature

1 Pressure

.

GOR

Bo

llon

O .

psig

..

Scf/Stb c

Rb/stb

Cp

163

2571

430

1.204

0.87

163

2235 *PB

430 1.209 0.84

163 1522 281 1.139

-

PB: Bubble point)


IFM Solutions


25/57

Oifmsolutions

- ~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODELING

PM Training Manual

Down-hole equipment data

,

e v i ~ t i o n

survey

,,.,

Geothermal ,

'

' . ' , , , , ,

/F

IPRdata

Variable

-

._ Value


26/57

O.ifmsolutions

r ~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODELING

1

IPM Training Manual

--------------------------------------------------------------------

r

I

r

r

r

r

Well test

data

Date

WHP

WHT Water .Liqui.d rate

Psig

: _oF

.cut stb/day

.

01/10/09

395 110

15 2100

Well

matching

calibration results

Variable

.

Selected multiphase correlation

Matching Parameter 1

Matching Parameter 2

Flowing bottom hole pressure

Calibrated Productivity index

Gauge ;Gauge

depth pressure

m pSig

2700 1796

2405

Value

I

Units

.

t.o

/. } f..

I

psig

II '

stb/d/psi

GOR

scf/stb

250

The field

is

under water flooding operation, it

is

planned

to

maintain the reservoir actual reservoir

pressure, and it is expected and increased water cut production in the near future for this well. Using

the calibrated well model and the test well head pressure determine

t

which water cut the well will

not be able to flow naturally.

I Variable

Value

units

I

ater cut

Save this tuto rial s P-04.aut

.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Page

26/62

IFM-Solutions

r


27/57

Oifmsolutions


r

r

PM

Training Manual

Tutorial P 05: Oil well model calibration review exercise

This exercise was design

to

review

the

well model calibration procedure.

There is PVT

d t

from the lab

th t

can be used to match a black oil correlation and well

test

data to

calibrate and select a multiphase flow correlation.

The calibrated model

will

be used

to

estimate erosion velocities.

Objectives

Review

the

well construction and calibration procedure using measured data.

Perform calculations with the calibrate well model

Estimate erosional velocities and suggest actions to avoid erosion.

Generate li t curves for numerical simulators

Well matching procedure

a

PVT

matching

1. PVT Input data Enter basic pvt data solution GOR oi l density, gas

gravity))

2. Match data Enter lab data)

3.

Regression I Match All

4. Parameters Check on parameters and look

for

the best black oil correlation)

P

::=1

Pz

::=0

5. Select the chosen black

oil

correlationfrom the drop down menu.

b Select nd calibrate o multiphase flow correlation

1. Matching

f

Matching I

VLP/IPR

Q.C. Enter well test data)

2. Estimate U value Estimate the overall heat transfer coeffident and transfer

it

to the geothermal gradient section)

3. Correlation Comparison

i. Select the Q.C. correlations Fancher Brown y Duns and

Ros

modified)

ii. I f

the test point lies between both correlations, select several

correlations to compare with the test point.

4. Match VLP I Select only 1 correlat ion I Match

i.

Check

on correction parameters

P

;;1 gravity term multiplier)P

2

;;1

friction term multiplier).

c

IPR

calibration

1.

VLP/IPR I

Select the

multi

phase

flow

correlation calibrated

f

Calculate

I

Plot

2. IPR

Modify parameter with high uncertainty in the

IPR

to achieve the

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Page 27/62 IFM Solutions

r


28/57

~ Oifmsolutions


r

r

r

r

PM

Training Manual

Data

PVTdata

Variable

.

.

.

Value

.

Unit

..

Solution GOR

Oil

density

Gas gravity

Water salinity

PVT

lab

data:

Pressure

p ~ i

7785.3

*PB

PB:

Bubble point

Down hole equipment

2800

44

0.769

75000

.

GOR

Scf/Stb

2800

I .... Deviation survey

.

t .

.

j ;_ ~ ._ ......_

Measure

.

depth

.

1

True vertical

.

.depth

ft.

I .

ft

0

0

85.3

85.3

1856.96

1843.83

11358.30

8307.09

20544.60

12322.80

22385.20 12821.50

23845.10 13566.30

Scf/stb

API

ppm

s

Rb/stb

:

Geother111al

.

' gradient

_

,

Temperature

..

'

."F

. ;

.

.

50

313

.

::

: ,

_

: _ t .

,

.. inch._

. . , inch' --

Xmas-tree 85.3

Tubing 1857 4.13 6e-5

sssv 3.81

Tubing

11423.9

4.13 6e-5

Restriction

3.75

Tubing

20600.4

4.13

6e-5

Restriction 3.75

Tubing

22319.6 3.18 6e-s

Casing

23218.5

3.81 6e-5

Over all heat transfer coefficient: 8 BTU/h/ft

2

/F

www.ifm-solutions.com Page 28/62 IFM Solutions


29/57

Oifmsolutions

~ I N T E G R T E D

FIELD MODELING

IPM

Training Manual

r

IPR Data

>

Variabl.e

Value

.

Units. .

Reservoir model

VOGEL

Reservoir pressure

7785.3

psig

Water cut

0

GOR

2800

scf/stb

Temperature 313

F

Well

test

data

Data

WHT.

Water

liq1 1id

rate Gauge

Gauge Reservoir GOR

~ F

cut stb/day

depth.

press.

pressure.

scf/stb

ft

psig

psig

1/2/2009

3235.3 178

0

9274 15251 5796.8 7785.3 2800

Questions

1.

What

are the

multiphase flow correlation selected and the correction

parameters?

..

.

. .Variable

Value

Selected multiphase flow correlation

Paramete r 1

Paramete r 2

2. Using

the

well test

data

determine:

Variable

.Value

Units .

Flowing bottom hole pressure

psig

Ll p

friction

psi

Ll p

gravity

psi

.________________________


Page 29/62 JFM-Solutions


30/57

Oifmsolutions

r INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

PM Training Manual

rosion

In

PROSPER

there are 2 equations to calculate the erosional velocity

AP114E

It

is

used for fluids free o solids/sand production

C o n o c o ~ P h i l i p s

It

is

used when solids/sand are produced

c

Ve

K.

D.K.

Ve=S ,fW

Ve:

erosional velocity

C:

Empirical constant {400 100}

lim: mixture density

Ve: erosional velocity

S:

Geometric factor elbows,

T,

etc)

D: Pipe/tubing / D

n: mixture density

W:

Sand production

3. Considering a C factor of 100 in

the

API 14E erosion velocity equat ion, it is desire to obtain

the erosion velocity profile and the fluid velocity profile.

Plot erosional velocity

vs

depth and the fluid velocity Total

no

slip velocity)

vs

depth)

4. What action can prevent the erosion of the tubing?

5. Generate lift curves

to

use in

MBAL and in the

numerical s imulator Eclipse.

What are

the

variables and ranges

to

use?

.

..Variable

Minimum value I Maximum value

.

Units

liquid rate

Save this

tutorial

as P-05.out

ww.ifm-solutions.com Page

30/62

IFMSolutions

r


31/57

Oifmsolutions


IPM Training Manual

Tutorial P 06: Gas well model performance analysis

This tutorial start from the

gas

well model created in tutorial P-02.

bjectives

Analyze th performance of a gas well model

Evaluate th operating condition and liquid loading probability

Perform sensitivity analysis

to

optimize

th gas

production

Using the well

model

cre ted

in

Tutorial P-02 PROSP R file P-02.out ev lu te the following:

1. Perform a VLP/IPR plot

for

a well head pressure

of

1000 psig

2. Perform a VLP/IPR plot

for

a well head pressure of 1000 psig and range of gas rates from 0.3

to 40 MMscf/day

Looking at th VLP/IPR intersection, what can we

say

about

th

stability

of

th solution? Is

it

stable

or unstable solution?).

3. In th flowing bottom hole pressure, What are th contributions of well head pressure,

friction losses and pressure drop due to gravity?

. .

ariable

Pressure Percentage

....

.

.

.

.

ps1g

..

Well head pressure

d.p

gravity

d.p

friction

4. Plot a pressure and temperature gradient for the solution of question 1 Pressure and

temperature vs depth)

5. Plot th fluid velocity and critical velocity Turner velocity) versus depth

for

th question 1.

What can you say about the liquid loading probability

of

this well?

6. Evaluate th effect

of

installing compressors. Plot

th Gas

rate

of

this well versus well head

pressure.

Save the

PROSP R

file as P 06.out

.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

age 31/62ww.ifm-solutions.com

IFM Solutions


32/57

' ~ i m s o l u t i o n s

r ~ I N T E G R A T E D FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial P 07: Gas well modelling performance Hydraulic fracturing

This Tutorial starts from

the gas

well model created in Tutorial 02

Objectives

Evaluate

the

performance of

the

well for a hydraulic fracture stimulation

Perform a sensitivity analysis on

the

fracture half length and conductivity

Perform a sensitivity analysis on the well head pressure

Perform sensitivity analysis to

the

tubing

size

Estimate the P/Z abandonment value

tart opening the

PROSPER

file created in Tutorial P 02.

1

Estimate the impact

of

hydraulic fracturing

the

well

for

a well head pressure

of

1000 psig

.

Variable

.

. .

Value

.

Units

Porosity

4

FCD

10

X

(Fracture half length )

30

m

Fracture height Reservoir

thickness

Time since production start

1

days

FCD: Dimensionless

fracture conductivity

t

is

the relationship between the transfer capacity

o

luids

o

the fracture and the

capacityo the reservoir to deliver

fluids

into the fracture

K1 : Fracture capacity

b f Fracture

idth

K : Reservoirpermeability

XL Fracture

half

/enght

.

Variable

as rate


Value . .

Units

MMscf/day

Page

32/62

IFM Solutions


33/57

'

Oifmsolutions

~ I N T E G R T E D FIEL MO ELING

,.

IPM Training Manual

2. Estimate

the

well performance at 1000 psig for a range

of

FCD and X .

FCD proposed values: S 10, 20

X proposed values: 10, 20, 30, 40,

SO

m

The well performance is affected by this parameters and the cost of the fracture will also depend on

these parameters.

Gas

rate table in MMscf/day

I FeD .

.

Woll2

-

.

2

Linking the icons with the corresponding file

The Tank and Well icons should have

an

associated file created in MBAL and PROSPER respectively.

The Tank icon should be associated to the file created in

the

Tutor ial M-Q3.

M-D3.mbi)

The eill icon should be associated

to

the

file created in the Tutorial

P ~ 0 8 P ~ O B . o u t )

The Well 2 and Well 3 icons should be associated to

the

PROSPER files attached in the auxiliary

folder called:

Aux_Files\day3\G-01_ Wefl2.aut

and

Aux_Fi/es\day3\G-D1_ Wel/3.out

w w w i f m ~ s o l u t i o n s c o m

Page

42/62

IFM Solutions


43/57


44/57

Oifmsolutions


IPM Training Manual

Tutorial G 02: Integrated Production model Solve Network

Objectives:

Familiarize with the concepts of:

How

to

solve the network

in

GAP

Initialize the IPRs from Tank simulations

Optimize/Non optimize options

Performing sensitivities

1

Solve the network for a

eparator pressure

of 1

psig

Analyze the gas production rate at the separator and in each well in the system.

..

.

.

.well.l

Wefl2

Well3

.

Gas production

rateMMscf/day

2

Initialize the

IPRs

from

Tank

simulations at the most recent date

Discuss the changes.

3.

Solve the network for a eparator pressureo 1 psig

Analyze the total

gas

production rate and

in

each well.

.

Weill

Well2 _

_

Wefl3

.

Gas

production

rateMMsd/day

What is the difference between point 1 and point 3?

Separator

..

.

Separator

----------------------------

ww.ifm solutions.com

Page

44/62 IFM Solutions

r


45/57

Oifmsolutions


.

c

c

r

,.

r

,.

r

(

:

r

r

r

IPM Training Manual

4. Evaluate the installation

of

compressors at

the

plant {Separator location),

for that

perform a

sensit ivity analysis

to

the

separator pressure ranging fram 1000 psig to 100 psig

5.

6.

1

Separator pres sure Separator Gas l roduction rate .

psig .

I

MMscf day

1000

800

600

400

200

100

In the plant a piece

of

equipment will

be

out

of

service for a couple

of

months

for

a major

maintenance; this will

limit the total capacity

of

the plant to 5 MMscf/doy

of

gas at the separator

level. Solve the network optimizing with this limitation with a separator pressure of

1000

psig and

check how

GAP

honours this constraint.

Which well is

GAP

chocking back? Why?

The reservoir engineer

is

considering shut in Well 2 for a pressure build transient test during the

plant limi ted capacity period. How much

gas

production rate

is

expected from the rest

of

the wells?

.

7':

Weill

Well3

Separator

Gas production

I

rate

MIViscf/dev

Save th GAP file as G 02.gap


Page 45/62

IFMSolutions


46/57

bifmsolutions

r

~ I N T E G R T E D

FIELD MODELING

'

r

r

r

r

r

'

-

'

r

'

r

r

'

r

r

a

/PM Training Manual

Tutorial G-03: Integrated Production odel - Production forecast

Objectives:

Familiarize the user on how to perform production forecasts

Perform different prediction scenarios saving

the

results

The production forecast will be performed from the most recent

d te

entered in the production

history of the tank until 01/01/2025 with 1 month time

step size.

Perform a production forecast using a sep r tor pressure of 1000 psig with all wells fully open.

Check the results such as gas production rate profiles

t

the separa tor, per well and fill in the next

tables:

-

-

-

.Separator.

Weill _

weu z

_ ..

Well 3

_ --

Cumulative gas

_

production

8scft2

1

Gas recovery factor

_

Abandonment reservoir pressure

P/Zabandonment

-

. __

b A new contract

is

being negotiated; the company should be able to

deliver

55 MMscf/day of gas until

01/07/2018. As a reservoir engineer

in

charge of the field you have to evaluate if it is possible to

achieve this target rate. For

th t

you might have

to

evaluate different alternatives.

i.

. Set up the constraint

t the

sep r tor level

ii. Set

all the

w ll

in

controllable

iii.

iv.

Perform a prediction optimizing to check if the field is able to produce the target

rate for mentioned period without additional investments.

If necessary

to

be able

to

achieve the contract rate evaluate

the

following scenarios:

1. Installing compressor t the plant (Separator location), specify compressors

installation timing and inlet pressure.

2./nstalling compressors

t the manifold, specify compression installation

timing, inlet pressure and power requirements.

3.Drilling additional wells, select a type well, specify drill plan schedule.

4. Pulling/Workover option, changing the tubing size of the wells.

Comment and discuss the results with your colleagues.

Save th

G P

file as G 03.gap


IFM Solutions


47/57

Oifmsolutions


I

I

r

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial G 04: Integrated model for an Oil field

A recent discovered offshore oil field

is

on production with one well located 16000 feet from

an

existing production platform.

The water depth in

the

region is approximately 85 feet

as

shown in the next diagram.

85ft

The pipeline

is

an

8 inches

ID

and the separator in the platform

is

operating at 400 psig

The reservoir

is

modelled in MBAL and

the

file

has

been created by the reservoir engineer and is

located in the Auxiliary files folderAuxJiles\day3\G.04_Tank.mbi

The well model is the PROSPER file created in

the

tutorial P-05,

P-OS.out

The separator maximum capacity allocated

for

this field is

of

50000 stb/day

of

liquid.

Perform

the

following steps:

1

Construct the

GAP

lay-out

for

this system

2

Perform a production forecast from

the

end

of the

product ion history until January 2029

using 1 month

time

step

size

for

the

first couple of years and 2 months time step

size

until

the end.

3

Evaluate

the

oil production rate evolution, the oil recovery factor,

the

cumulative oil

production.

4

t

is possible to dril l 2 more wells

with

a distance

of

5000 feet from

the

discovery well,

evaluate

the

impact

of

drilling these wells in 2012 (January and June respectively).

5. Evaluate

the

option of maintaining

the

reservoir pressure by means of water injection at

6800 psig When

it

will be required to inject water in

the

reservoir to avoid going below

the

proposed value? How much water injection rate would be required?

r


Page

47/62

JFM Solutions


48/57

~ bifmsolutions


I

I

I

I

I

I

.

IPM Training Manual

Workshop

Tutorial W 01:

Gas

field integrated model

A

gas

field located on land

is

producing since 1973

with

an average gas

rate production of 30

MMscf/day.

Since 2010 a new contract was signed

to

deliver 45 MMscf/day until January 2020.

Evaluate

if

this contract

is

feasible and consider different options

to

achieve the contract using

the

data provided below:

Schematic

of

the field:

Gl:62 m

..

135 m1 :1 indl

41 m 1 :1 inch

12 m1 :1 inch

Well1

8

r

GL:

62 m

GL: 605m

The delivery point pressure

is

70 kg/cm

2

~

ww.ifm solutions.com

Page

48/62


49/57

' ifmsolutions

( INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

PVTdata

. Parameters .

.

Value

_:_

Units

r

Specific gas gravity 0.71

Separator pressure

1000

Psig

CGR (Condensate to

gas

ratio)

7

Stb/MMscf

Oil density 42

API

Water salinity

70000 Ppm

H2S

0

C02

11

N2

1

r

Reservoir data

(

.

.

.

: Parameters

:

:feet .

......

0

0

13238 13238

16063 16053

19423 19393

19715 19678

Down-hole equipment

...

Measured

Tubing Tubing Casing

; Casing

depth

ID

roughness. ID

roughness

Type feet

inches

inches

inches

.

inches

Xmas Tree 0

Tubing 106 3.96 0.0006

Restriction

2 61

Tubing 14567 3.96 0.0006

Restriction

3.46

Tubing

14600 3.96 0.0006

Casing 16463 6 36 0.0006

Geothermal gradient

Measure depth Formationtemperature

feef

O

0

59

16463 260

Overall heat transfer coefficient: 2 Btu/h/ft

2

/F

Inflow performance data

.

Parameter Value Units

.

Reservoir Model C and n

Reservoir Pressure

3060 1

(psiql

Reservoir Temperature 302

(deq F)

Water-Gas Ratio 0

(STB MMscf)

Condensate Gas Ratio 8 3

(STB/MMscf)

I

.

.

IPRmodeldata .

c

I

0.009 (Mscfiday/psi2)

n

I

1

.---------------------------------------------------------------------------


Page

51/62

IFM Solutions


52/57

~ i m s o l u t i o n s


IPM Training Manual

Well3

Deviation survey

Measure depth rue vertical depth

..

.feet

.. .

I

.

feet

0

0

7298 7298

12467

12464

12549

12546

13041

13038

14321 14316

14518 14512

15502 15482

16781 16729

17175 17109

17758 17676

17848 17765

Down-hole equipment

. . .

. Mea.sured .Tubing

Tubing

Casing

.

I .

depth,...

.

JD. roughness

.10 - .

.

Type

feet

inches

inches

inches

Xmas Tree 0

TubinQ

105

3.96

0.0006

Restriction

3.81

TubinQ

17038 3.96 0.0006

TubinQ 17048 2.99 0.0006

Restriction 2.75

Tubing

17111 2.99 0.0006

Restriction

2.2

Tubing

17144 2.99 0.0006

Casing 17270

6.46

Geothermal gradient

Measure depth

.F:olll ation temperature ...

.. feel

.

. . .

-

0 59

17270

302

Overall heat transfer coefficient: 2 Btu/h/ft F

Inflow performance data

Parameter

Value

Units

Reservoir Model C and n

Reservoir Pressure 3073.16

psiQ)

Reservoir

Temperature 302

(deq F)

Water-Gas Ratio 0 (STB/MMscf)

Condensate Gas

Ratio 8.23 (STBIMMscf)

Casing

roughness

inches

0.0006

c

0.3749 (Mscf/davlosi2)

n

0.71848


Page

52/62

JFM Solutions


53/57

Oifmsolutions

~ I N T E G R T E D

FIEL MO ELING

PM Training Manual

Questions

Is it possible to achieve the proposed contract? What actions should be considered?

"

.

"

"

.


JFM Solutions


54/57

:

Oifmsolutions

...._ ..


IPM Training Manual

Tutorial W 02:

Gas

field integrated

model

Part 2

The company has made a new discovery nearby

the

gas field

modelled

in

the

Tutorial W-01. A

new

structure

located 12 km

south

of Well 2 containing

dry gas

reservoir.

The process engineers are considering tie-in the new field

to

the existing facilities.

The company is evaluating extending

the

existing gas sale contract from 45 MMscf/day to 60

MMscf/day

from

June-2012 until 2020.

The

following

parameters have been

estimated:

Parameter

Value

Units

'

Reservoir depth

12320

feet

Reservoir Temperature 230

O

Pressure gradient

Normal

GOIS

volumetric

estimation

137

Bscf

Reservoir permeability 32 md

Net thickness 34.7 feet

Drainage area 500 Acres

Specific gas gravity 0.675

CGR

5.1

stb/MMscf

Oil density 47 PI

Water salinity

100000

ppm

H

5

0

co 6

N

0.5

Evaluate

if

i t is possible to achieve the proposed

target

rate for the proposed period, estimate

the

number of wells required in the new structure.

Also evaluate

if

the gas

production

of

the

existing wells will be impacted by the back pressure of this

new development.


Page

54/62

IFM Solutions


55/57

ifmsolutions

f ~ I N T E G R T E D FIELD MODELING

r

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial W 03: Offshore Oil field development plan

Objectives

An offshore oil field

has

been discovered

with

two reservoirs (Reservoir 1 and Reservoir 2) and

few

data

is

available.

The discovered field is located some 20 km from an existing platform.

With

some

minor

investment

the

existing

platform can

accommodate additional40000

stb day of

liquid

The platfo rm contains dedicated export oil and gas flow-lines going to

the

shore.

Using the data provided be low design a field development plan, a minimum recovery factor of 30

for both reservoirs

will

make this project attractive.

The proposed start date

of

production

is 01/06/2014

and end

of

concession

is

1/01/2027

In the

next diagram and tables

you

will fi nd all

the

data available:

45F

20km

14800 feet

13700feet

.

Data

Reservoir 1

.Reservoir 2 Uni ts.

OOIP 160 70 MMstb

Pressure 6600 10200 psig

GOR 470 1450 scf/stb

API

36

41

Gas

gravity

0.68 0.72

Reservoir depth 13700 14800

TVDSS

(feet)

Permeability

52

420

rnd

Net thickness 22 45 feet

Porosity 0.19 0.23 fraction

Connate

water

saturation 0.23

0.15 fraction

Water salinity 87000

12000

ppm

Reservoir Temperature 197 240

F

----------------------------------------------------------------------


M ~ S o l u t i o n s


56/57

Oifmsolutions

r ~ I N T E G R T E D FIElD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

Relative permeability curve Corey function table

Phase.

Residual End Point Corey Exponent

.-

ifm solutions ipm training course

Documents