ifrro and the work of the reproduction rights organisation - rro olav stokkmo, ifrro chief executive...
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IFRRO and the Work of the Reproduction Rights Organisation - RRO
Olav Stokkmo, IFRRO Chief Executive
6 April 2011 Polska Kziaksa, Krakow
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Point of departure
Management of copyright by RROs
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Legislation Management Enforcement
Administering access to © worksThree pillars
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Addressing ReprographyPoint of Departure
• Billions of copies made annually
• Most impossible to stop
• Some considered legitimate• Portions/small parts of works for
• Internal use• Non commercial use
• Example: Student’s need for a chapter of a book
• Heaviest users: Education
• Dilemma: Ban or Licence?
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Why are photocopies made?
Need for just a small part of the work Need to update information Material not available Material no longer on sale Increased flexibility
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Creators and publishers providing access through collective management and RROs
Management of copyright
in text and image based works
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RRO Collective Management Complements individual management
• One to One / Many: Individual management
• Many to One / Many: Collective management
as individual licensing is
• Impossible• Typically Orphan works
• Impracticable or Insufficient• Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works
RRO licences complement individual management
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Content of RRO licences
• Limited extracts• 5-15%; chapter; article• Personal and Internal use
• Permitted uses• Photocopying and scanning• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external
dissemination
• Authorised users• Terms• Fees• Usage reporting requirements• Compliance awareness
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LegislationEnabling control – supporting access
• Voluntary licence • India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, USA • HK, Ireland, UK (Education: Obligation to take up a licence)
• Voluntary License with legislative support• Extended Collective Licence - Nordic countries + Voluntary• France (Compulsory collective management) + Voluntary• Latvia, Zimbabwe (Legal presumption)
• Legal licence • Australia, Korea, Singapore; Netherlands, Switzerland (+ Voluntary) • Levies
• Austria, Belgium, Germany, Burkina Faso, Poland (+ Voluntary)• Spain, Greece (+ Voluntary)
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Voluntary model
• Rightholder choice• Individual mandates• Non exclusive• Opt in/out
• User obligation to take licence• Broad licence for copying extracts• May be legal fall-back
• Distribution of fees• Individual & title-specific • Rightholder-set splits
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Voluntary with legislative support:Extended Collective Licence
• Rightholder choice• National agreement• Extends to international• Equal treatment• Opt out if wished• Comprehensive• No legal risk• Distribution via r/h bodies
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Non Members(national, foreign)
User(Library)
Licensing Agreement
RRO
Mandated byRightholders
Collective Licence
§
Mandated byRightholdersAssocation
Extended Collective Licence
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Legal licences
• Statutory or legal• Equal entitlement• No opt out• Legal – fees set by law• Statutory – by negotiation
• Levy • Equipment• Operator
• Distribution to individuals
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Systems may be combined, for example…
• Legal licence• Equipment levy • Private copying
• Voluntary licence• Organisations• Large-scale copying
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RROs Areas of Licensing
• Education at all levels• Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education
• Public Administration• Government; Regional; Local
• Trade and Industry
• Religious bodies
• Public and Research libraries
• Cultural institutions
• Copy shops