igneous rocks and volcanoes. view from space - klyuchevskaya, russia
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes
![Page 2: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia
![Page 3: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Magma – molten rock beneath the surface
Lava – molten rock on the surface
![Page 4: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Igneous Rocks Cool from the Molten State
• Volcanic -- Erupted on Surface
• Plutonic -- Solidify Within Earth
Large Grain Size ---> Slow Cooling
• Volcanic Rocks -- Fine Grained
• Plutonic Rocks -- Coarse Grained
Porphyritic Texture:Large Crystals in Fine-grained Setting
![Page 5: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Igneous Rock ClassificationHow Much Silica? (account for Si)• Excess - Rock Has Quartz • Just Enough to Form Other Silicates • Deficient - Silica-Poor Minerals (Like Olivine)What Feldspars? (Account for Al, Ca, K, Na )• Potash Feldspar KAlSi3O8 • Plagioclase Series
NaAlSi3O8......CaAl2Si2O8
What Other Minerals Are Present? (Account for Fe, Mg)
![Page 6: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FeldsparsK - Feldspar: KAlSi3O8
• Several Slightly Different Forms:
• Microcline
• Orthoclase
Plagioclase (Solid Solution)
• Albite: NaAlSi3O8
• Anorthite: CaAl2Si2O8
• Any Mixture of the Two Is Possible
![Page 7: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bowen's Reaction Series
• The geologist N.L. Bowen found that minerals tend to form in specific sequences in igneous rocks
• These sequences could be assembled into a composite sequence.
![Page 8: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bowen's Reaction Series
No igneous rock ever displays the whole sequence, just a slice across the sequence.
![Page 9: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bowen's Series and Igneous Rocks
![Page 10: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bowen's Series and Igneous Rocks
Volcanic Rocks
(Rare) Basalt Andesite Rhyolite
Plutonic Rocks
Dunite Gabbro Diorite Granite
1200 C Melting Point 700 C
Mg, Fe Rich In... Si, Na, K
Rapid Weathering Slow
Usually Dark Color Often Light
![Page 11: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bowen's Series and Volcanoes
Volcanic Rocks(Rare) Basalt Andesite Rhyolite
Plutonic RocksDunite Gabbro Diorite GraniteFluid Lava Is... ViscousMild Eruptions Violent
Type of VolcanoShield Volcano Stratovolcano Plug Dome
![Page 12: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Some Igneous Rocks Are Named on Textural Criteria
• Pumice - Porous
• Obsidian - Glass
• Tuff - Cemented Ash
• Breccia - Cemented Fragments
• Porphyry - Fine Matrix, Large Crystals
![Page 13: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Volcanoes
![Page 14: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A Cinder Cone:
Wizard Island, Crater Lake, Oregon
![Page 15: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anatomy of a Cinder Cone, Hawaii
![Page 16: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tuff Ring: Diamond Head, Hawaii
![Page 17: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tuff Ring: Diamond Head, Hawaii
![Page 18: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Shield Volcano: Haleakala, Hawaii
![Page 19: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stratovolcano: Mount Shasta, California
![Page 20: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Shastina and Landslide Deposit
![Page 21: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lava Dome, California
![Page 22: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Products of Eruptions
Lava Flows
Pyroclastic Debris
• Bombs
• Lapilli
• Ash
Mudflows
Landslides
Gases
• Steam
• Carbon Dioxide
• H2S
• SO2
• HCl
• HF
![Page 23: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Environmental Hazards of Volcanoes
Pollution • SO2, HCl in
Water Lava Flows Falling Ejecta Ash Falls • Building Collapse • Crop Destruction
Mudflows • Direct Damage
(Colombia, 1985) • Floods (Several Types)Blast (Mt. St. Helens, 1980) Pyroclastic Flow (St. Pierre,
1902) Gas (Lake Nyos,
Cameroon, 1986)
![Page 24: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pyroclastic Flow or Nuee Ardente (French: Fiery Cloud)
![Page 25: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
How Calderas Form
![Page 26: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Crater Lake, Oregon
![Page 27: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Jemez Caldera, New Mexico
![Page 28: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Collapsing Volcanoes – Mount Rainier
![Page 29: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Collapsing Volcanoes - Hawaii
![Page 30: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Evolution of VolcanoesAn active volcanic landscape
![Page 31: Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes. View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d895503460f94a6e516/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Evolution of VolcanoesA volcanic landscape after a million years or so