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. North Carolina State Library

IS. V-

1964

DCP

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from

State Library of North Carolina

http://www.archive.org/details/developmentplanhOOnorm

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DCP

Prepared for Havelock, North Carolina

George W, Griffin, Mayor

COMMISSIONERS:

R. S . Lee J . R. Lewi s, Jr. N. R. Sanders Jack Melton Henry S ermons

PLANNING BOARD

L. M. Bryan, Chairman (resigned) Gene Smith, Vice Chairman Mrs. Charles Godwin, Secretary George W. Rice George E. Cojocari A . C. Thornton

by the State of North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Division

of Community Planning

December, 1964 Price: $1.00

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ........page 1

Survey and Ana lysis ...... , ........page 2

Formulation of Goals.,.....,,. 'Page 10

Realization of Goals,,,..,,.,.. .,.,page 11

Recommended Action Needed to Achieve Havelocks Goals,,,. ,, .page 23

INTRODUCTION

abou It i Ing Info ing for and a p e ob j e ing than the a spe ed o take down make

Pla

t to

nvo 1 situ rma t at a the taki r son ctiv them get

mind cts

r cl the Int sen

nn ing a chi

ves t a t ion ion i

d ec i f u tur ng ap ha s

es , a

. pla ting

Bu of pi ouded t ime

o und s e ou

1 s

eve akin

, pu n a s ion

e, o prop a c 1 nd e nn in ever

t , i ann i

, it to

erst t of

the desi

g St 11 in

logi ma

ver c r ia t ea r a sy

8 is y thi f ei ng b is

br ea anda

the

proc e

red o ock o g all ca 1 o king omi ng e act p ic tu means litt

ng st ther

ecome nece s

k the ble f m.

s s o

b j ec f th per

r der a r ra

ob s ion , re o of

1 e m ra ig of t S CO sa ry int

a c e t

f setting

t ives. e ex i s t- t inent , a rr iv- ngement s ta c 1 es , When

f his a ch i ev- o r e ht in he s e mp1i ca t- to

ri ca cy s and

are reasonably clear: the town is to be a better place in which to live. How to achieve this is less clear. The method of study employed is the preparation of this report has been:

1. Survey, to discover all per- tinent information about the Town of Ha ve1o ck.

2. Analysis, to derive the meaning for the future of that which exists today.

3. Formulation of "specific goals which must be achieved for the future .

Since the life of a town is by nature complex, planning its future requires a maximum of care in study and organization. General objectives

4. Demonstration of how these goals can be realized.

5. Recommended action needed to achieve these goals.

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

ex i s sion ma t e a re Sket and c omm en ta br ou that a chi CO mm to e s Imp down port trad to 1

In ting of

rial port ch P from unit t ive ght , if eved unit xami ler, int

ions e, t mpro

1962 a land

C ommun wa s a en t i t

Ian" . the i

y des 1 soft to lig a bet by pi

y life nation the c

o s e ve of li

o ma k i ving t

surve use wa ity PI n a 1 y z e led "L From

ndicat res ex he t ow ht . I t er pi ann ing need e

. To ommun i ra i ca f e d e V ng a h he min

y of H s ma de ann ing d a nd and An this i ions o p r es s e n , key t wa s

ace to for i

d to L.

ma ke L

ty lif t egor i oted t

ome, t d.

a ve 1 by

T pr es a lys

nf o r

f ge d by pro

det e liv

t , H

e 5 ■ .. i 3

e wa es, o wo o pi

ock ' s the Divi- his ent ed in is and ma t ion nera 1 repres-

b1 ems were rmined e could be a V e 1 o c k ' s

b J ec t ed examina t i on

s broken

namely the rk , to

ay s and

Work. Havelock is too dependent upon one source of work, Cherry Point Marine Air Stationo If the base were to be abandoned for any reason, Have-

lock would become a ghost town. Due

to this possibiiity==unlikely as it may be — faith in the community and willingness to invest in it is not as

strong as it should be. Fortunately, there is a trend toward stiengtbenmg of confidence in the permanence of the Air Station, This is reflected in the continual improvement in the quality of new structures built In the town. However, the incidence of marginal and low-investment business enterprises is high, typical of a town which is dependent upon an inse- cure economic foundation.

The possibilities of expanding

work opportunities in Havelock are

great. The air base itself is a large consumer of marketed goods,in- cluding food, clothing, furniture and paper products—all of which North Carolina supplies in great abun-

dance. Many of these goods are purchased in bulk quantity by the

Defense Department, received at supply

2.

depots removed from their final desti- nations, and shipped by military transport to the various bases. But some products are shipped by common carrier directly from the producer to the base. It stands to reason that, if a supplier of products to the federal government could be induced to set up branch operations in Have- lock using raw materials abundant in the area, cost of providing these products at Cherry Point and Camp Le- Jeune could be reduced.

A second possibility centers about a ski 11ed-labor potential not found in many parts of eastern North Carolina. Technically trained and highly skilled Marines are retiring from the service every day. Most World War II veterans who decided up- on a military career completed twenty years of service during the last four years. Many made their homes in Have- lock. They are still young men. Industries which could use this kind

of available labor would find Havelock of great interest to them. Likewise, men having knowledge of aircraft, machinery, electronics, radar, etc., and having assured income and free time could find many rewards in organizing new, "home-grown" Industries,

Both of these possibilities depend at the outset upon Cherry Point. How- ever, if either should develop, the market of the former would expand to include market areas in New Bern, Kinston, Morehead City and Jacksonville, as would the labor supply of the latter. The result would be a broadening of Have- lock ' s economy.

Tra d e o Havelock has two centers of trade in its vicinity. The Base Exchange and Commissary provide cash- and-carry merchandise for those who are privileged to use the facilities. The Slocum Village-Trader shopping center provides merchandise on a cash and credit basis for civilians as well

as military personnel

Sloe lati

kind livi

the cau s This

the

tax e er p

mere

that to s than

a CO away e r ed

The um V

on o

of ng o Air

ed t , to Base

s an

rice hand Slo

ome

the nsid fro

it t

va r ilia

f 2, shop uts i

Stat he d

o, i Exc

d of s th i s er eum

p eop Bas

erab m th 0 th

iety ge is 433 e ping

de of ion, e V e 1 o s sur

hange f er s

an do . Th

Villa

1 e , o e Exc 1 e nu e Air em.

of go surp

ou Id s ervi

Have mus t , pmen t prisi

is e

goods es th

e inf

ge is f fers

hange mber Stat

ods a r is in

not d

ce . lock , ther of t

ng In x emp t

at s e ave

er enc mor e grea

, a nd of eu ion b

va i la b

g. A ema nd

People

name 1 e f o r e , his ee a smueh from

lightl rage p e mus t conve

t er va can d

s tomer y ex t e

le at popu- this

y a t have

n t er o a s

sales

y low-

riva t e

be n i ent r i e ty

raw s nd ing

Havelock, as a recent town, has the advantage of having its major

shopping in an area that was planned

after the automobile had become the

principal means of transportation In America. In all of its shopping facilities parking is adequate and con- venient. The development of Slocum Village as the principal shopping center was natural and, perhaps, in-

evitableo The shopping facility on Roosevelt Boulevard had no room in which to expandt The small lots lining

Highway 70 on the south end of town had insufficient depth for any great collec- tion of stores : All other off-highway

locations were inconvenient for the users ,

A good lesson can be learned from

this period of development. Unless space is reserved for expansion of the Slocum Village center, it will be

rivaled in the future by another shop-

ping facility and will suffer from it. Havelock, as a town, seated amid a Town- ship population of 18,053, can compete with New Bern* for commercial leadership of the southern sector of Craven County

*New Bern: three township area, 27,576

and with Morehead City* for markets in Carteret County. But this cannot be done with scattered shopping facilities. Only with a large, single CO mm ercial attraction having modern and convenient facilities can Havelock hope to challenge the less up-to-date, but more well-established, COmmercial centers of its neighboring cities .

Making a home. Havelock typifies postwar suburban development in America, Permanent housing is largely in sing 1 e-family structures placed on spacious homesltes. The overall atmo- sphere achieved is one of neighborll- ness without crowding.

fronts of houses are the only spaces large enough and open enough for throwing a football or riding a bicycle and the only places conducive to mutual use by neighborhood children. Therefore, if a child wants to play with other children on the block, he is forced to play where the street is.

Another drawback of the arrange- ment is the rather formidable cost of serving spread-out, suburban type homes with urban facilities, such as water, sewer, streets and street lighting. Similarly, getting to and from commu- nity services which cannot be brought to the home, such as schools, parks, and shopping, becomes inconvenient.

The arrangement of homes, even though it may be the American standard, has certain drawbacks. The custom of closing off back yards is one. The result of this practice Is that the

*Morebead City: two township area, 16,200

These disadvantages become almost insignificant when compared to other living accommodations in Havelock. In addition to permanent housing, the town harbors a large proportion of

5.

mobile homes. Living conditions In all but one or two of Havelock's mobile home parks are quite the opposite of its residential subdivisions. Homes are crowded together, there are no lawns, children play in dirt roads, and little pride is taken in the upkeep of the premises.

Generally, then, Havelock cannot be considered a completely pleasant place for making a home except when an individual wishes to own the land on which he lives. For those who are in the service, there is good rental housing on the base. However, for those who do not wish to be burdened with buying a home, who cannot obtain on-base housing or who own a mobile home and cannot get a space in one of the better mobile home parks, the atmosphere for home-making is unde- sirable.

Pla^ The Air Station provides

more recreational facilities for its people than do most towns similarly populated. The reason for this is that there are a lot of single men on the base, and the government wants to keep them out of trouble. Yet, the type of recreation provided cannot be said to captivate the majority of young Marines when they have money to spend. So, the effect is paradoxical' service families come aboard the station for the movies, swimming, or an evening at the club, while the barracked Marines go into New Bern to have a good time.

The first implication of this circumstance is that the base cannot satisfy fully a barracked service-man's desire for recreation. How else can one explain the success of movie theaters in Havelock which charge three times as much as those on the base, when other towns the size of Havelock closed their theaters years ago? Part of the essen- tial recreational need of the serviceman

who lives away from his family at a military installation Is to get away from the base periodically.

The second implication is that Havelock does not, perhaps cannot, provide sufficient recreation to keep the young Marines near the base. The third Implication is that too many people in Havelock have access to the Cherry Point recreational facilities to cause any great need for parks, swimming pools or gymnasiums in the town itself. The one exception to this is a need for a meeting place for teenagers that is separate from those used by enlisted men.

Improving the mind. Once again dependency upon Cherry Point provides Havelock with better facilities for improving the mind than most towns its size. The schools and school facilities are excellent. Television

reception is adequate, the town has its own newspaper, and there are numerous churches. The higher educational attain- ment level of people living in Havelock area could produce even greater outlets for cultural appreciation and express- Ion.

One possibility for Imp educational and cultural opp would be through location of education facility in the ar factors cast a favorable asp the possibility: The neares is in Kinston--52 miles away presence of extension units Carolina College In Jacksonv Havelock indicates a beglnnl locally based institution, is centrally located to Jack Morehead City and New Bern, able aspect is that both Mor and Jacksonville have attemp the groundwork for a communl

roving ortuni ties a higher-

ea. S evera1 ec t upon t college

The of East 111 e and ng for a Havelock sonvi11e, A n un fa vo r- ehead City ted to lay ty college

7.

In each location with little success to date. But the potential of a small college In the vicinity is worth in- vestigating.

In summary, perhaps it can be said that what the community life of Have- lock lacks most is variety. This is typical of smaller towns. It is par- ticularly typical of towns where practically everyone works at the same place, such as in mill towns and small communities near military bases. In the case of the latter monotony is accentuated by the tedious sameness and uniformity of military life.

Unfortunately there is practi- cally nothing that can be done in Havelock to overcome its lack of variety except to develop new interests over a long period of years. In short, this means bringing in people with varied backgrounds by

attracting them to the good things that are Havelock's, correcting the bad, and furnishing them with a means of livelihood.

8.

FORMULATION OF GOALS

From the foregoing appraisal of community life In Havelock It Is possible to formulate specific goals worthy of pursuit. For a beginning, the following appear to be of primary impor tanc e:

Attraction or creation of private industries in Havelock to provide greater variety of work.

Reservation of sufficient land for expansion of Havelock's commer- cial center.

Provision of better and more interesting homesites for existing mobile homes and for future homes of all types .

Provision of a greater variety of off-station recreational facilities for servicemen and a meeting place for teen- agers.

Attraction of a college facility in the Havelock vicinity.

10 Havelock has good industrial land

REALIZATION OF GOALS

Attraction and creation of private indu s t r ■ les . In any ket, a good tr room fo for Its things wa t er a is aire water, Haveloc to prov ava i lab

commu suppl anspo r exp emp 1

Have 1 nd a a dy w half k, th ide i le si

For nity, y of rtati ans lo oy ees ock c loca t orkin of th er ef o ndus t t es .

Indu it

labo on , n an . A an p ion . g on at p re, ry w

st ry to prosper must have a mar- r, a good location, power and water, d good housing 11 of these rovide except

S i nee the t own providing public

roblem is solved. is aImo s t ready i th actua 1 ,

The best location for Industry in Havelock proper is the large, un- developed space beneath the approach to the Cherry Point landing strip. This area is bounded on two sides by rail and on the other two by creeks,

thus isolating it from the residential sections of the town. Jet fighters fly low over the land making it unsuit- able for residential use. Minor indus- trial noises that might occur within the area would be nothing compared to the noise of aircraft there. The land is close to a good iiighway, and trucks can obtain access to the highway without traveling through residential areas-.

The Illustration on the opposite page shows how this site could be developed to yield industrial sites of approximately nine acres each. Twelve sites with railroad trackage can be laid out initially simply through pro- vision of a road with utilities in it. The remainder of the property can be developed by extending the new road, abandoning the old one and providing

11 .

--'-^^^11

Havelock and Cherry Point support on expending commercial trade

a railroad spur, If It should be needed.

Reservation of sufficient land for expansion of Havelock's commer- cial center. Reservation of land for expansion of Havelock's main shopping area is relatively easily accomplished. Owners of land in the large triangle of which Slocum Village Shopping Center is a part have merely to be appraised of the potential of their property for regional co mm erce. The only problem likely to be encountered is impatience, Holding the land with little or no income from it until the most pro- pitious time to develop it is not always to an individual's immediate advantage. But premature development

of a lesser nature is neither to the individual's fullest advantage nor to the community's.

At left this area is illustrated as it could be developed in years to come, a commercial center for the Carteret and South Craven County region. Parking is ample and convenient to all stores. Space is devoted to both retail and office use. The arrangement satisfies the needs of twentieth century trade in a realistic, functional, but aesthetically pleasing manner.

Provision of better and more inter- esting homesites for permanent dwellings. As further developments in permanent housing take place in the Havelock area, it would be well for subdividers to

13.

reappraise the function of the neighbor- On the op hood they createc What is the street the northeast for? Where will children play? How been laid out will they get to school? Where will illustrate how the housewife shop? How will she get make a major d there? If the needs which these ability of a n questions point out are satisfied; the one block of t neighborhood designed will be a better been enlarged place in which to live and, consequently, in greater det will help produce a better community. building set-b (And, incidentally, the houses built a conventional in the neighborhood will sell better.) arranged half-

poslte page, an area on side of Havelock has in residential lots to one simple device can ifference in the liv- eighborhood. Below, his neighborhood has to show the arrangement ail The device is the ack. It is applied in manner in conventionally

acre lots, the kind of

14.

k '% i r "^«.-'<Jw

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Back yard set backs provide commonly used, but mdtvidually owned spoce for recreation

15

Back yard set-backs provide (or the movement ot people separate from the ent of car

lots live, front norma of ea r e s t r

build an op as la child wi tho traff pa rk dif fl 'owe V facil b a Ian other

on w Ho

-ya r lly ch 1 Icti Ings en s rge r en ut b Ic. facl cult er , ity ced sec

hich we ve d an ob s e ot i on o and

pace as t can eing In

1 Ity to

prov at t by e tors

mo s r, 1 d si rved s ke r ea fen at

he f play end

addl Is

deve islo his qua 1 of

t peop1 n addlt d e-ya rd , a spa p t c1ea s ement- ces. T the rea ront ya with o angered t i on , o shown 1 lop for n o f a loca t io p roV i s

the tow

e in ion set

ce i r--b -of he r r of rd w ne a by

ne c n an hou

muni n sh ions n .

Have lock to the -ba cks n the rear y deed both ebu1t Is the house

here no ther street ommun ity area sing, c ipa 1 ouId be in

In Havelock, the class of people likely to buy in a subdivision of this type will probably care for their yards

16.

prop If, spec thes labo grea of a thro c lub pool neig r e s i by c in i t of i sea p ther ano t be d owne use annu

er ly , how e V t ive e la r r . th t a d v home

ugh a hou s

s can hbo rh dents ommi t ia 1 p nd i vl ing c e. T her s e ve 1 o d par

of it a 1 s e

the re

er , it home own ge lots is can

anta ge -owner '■ n a s soc e facil be pro

ood to of the

ment to u rcha se dua1 ho an be a he i11u ec t ion ped wit k facil s re s id rvice c

a r as we is felt ers wou 1 be ma in

be a ccom through s a s soc i ia t ion o i 11es an vid ed fo be used ne ighbo the ass of the

me ma i nt s sured t s t ra t ion of Havel h an inn ity for ent s, ma ha rges c

11 a that d pr tain plis the a t io f th d sw r th exc 1 r hoo ocia home enan o e V opp

ock er , the inta olle

s the some

e f er ed by hed t f o rma n. A is so immin e en t u s 1 ve d, A t ion

, s ta ce an ery on OS 11 e as it neigh ex c lu

ined c t ed

front. pro-

that hired

o tion 1 so rt,

g ire ly by 1 so in the nda rds

d land- e living shows cou 1 d

borhood-

si ve by by a

Neighborhood ■ owned recreation facilities

provide a special solution to common needs tor those who desire it

home-owners' association.

Provision of better and more interesting homesites for mobile homes In Ha of f-s lock three Havel mob i 1 of se two f tedly norma but p hou s i leave soeve very In Ha for e the 1 a tmo s

ve lock's mo ta t ion hous Park, there families p

ock' s mos t e home pa rk ven t ime s t amilies per people who

1ly do not la cement o f ng units on s pra c t ica 1 r for the u little priv velock prov very seven ower range phere for 1

St de ing d are

er a c dense ther

hat n acre live

ha ve twen one

ly no se of a cy o ide o to tw o f wh i V ing

ns e ly popu evelopment approxIma t re of land ly populat e are in e umb er— twe of land ! in mob lie

large fami ty-two det acre of la yard area occupants The be 11 e

ne acre of e1ve mob i 1 ich is a p

la ted , Have- e ly

In ed xc e s s nt y-

Admit- home s lies ,

ached nd wha t- and

r parks land

e homes. 1 ea sant

by a

p lac file llvi The a Imo

yard spa c a nd of s effe it r

The band emen a lo

ng e long st 1 s . es b comb ome eta eall

ill onme t of ngsl n"ir , na Ike In t e twe med sign ppea y is

ustration below shows how nt of the customary mobile homes in regimental

de a roadway a more pleasing onment can be attained, rrow mobile homes are used walls to form outdoor court- his way the useless narrow en trailers are eliminated to produce outdoor areas ificance. The overall rs far more spacious than

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18.

Provision of a greater variety of recreational facilities for servicemen. Provision of recreational facilities for the Cherry Point enlisted personnel is not essential to the life of the citizens of Havelock. However, If this could be accomplished without disrupting the lives of people in Have- lock, the economy of the town would receive an additional boost.

In particular there is an area just east of Highway 70 adjacent to the east prong of Slocum Creek which, if devoted to commercial amusement,

would cause little or no disturbance to the town residents. Recreational facilities which would very likely be successful in this area include: miniature golf, a beer garden, a skat- ing rink, a dance hall and possibly a penny arcade. Once these were estab- lished It would not be difficult to expand the facility to include many minor types of commercial amusement.

The entertainment of servicemen need not be an endless strip of second- rate honky-tonks. Young men enjoy a variety of amusement when it is offered them. An amusement park in the heart of Havelock, if handled properly could be as unobtrusive as Copenhagen's Tivoll and yet as important to the lives of people. If such an area truly fulfills a need in the Cherry Point vicinity, no advertising will be nec- essary to make it a success.

19.

Attraction of a college facility In the Havelock vicinity coll lock Jack area of 1 nine to t mile cent on a Of t Ca ro coun inco atta that coun year twen med i Coun

ege fa area sonvi1 compr

30,000 miles

his re s from er s . par w

he one 1 ina , ties r me. T inment of th

ty ha s s comp ty-fiv an , t h ty (Ch

c i1ity is t ru le, Mo i 5 e s a , A p

west g ion a

each Family ith th

hundr Craven ank in he gen

is al e Stat a med

le ted e year

e same ar lott

loc ly f r ehe pop

oint of H

nd o of t inc

e St

ed c , Ca the

era 1 so c e as ian

by i s o 1

a s

e),

a t ed ea s i ad C ulat app

a ve 1 nly

he t ome ate ount r t er

upp edu

orapa a w

of 1 t s p d or

that is t

j_ Ape

in the b 1 e .: T ity , Ne ion in roxIma t o c k Is twenty- hree ma in the as a wh

les in et and er 40% ca t iona rab 1 e w

hole. 1.6 sch opula t i over .

of Mec he high

rmanent

H a V e -

he w Bern excess ely cent ra I two in ur Da n area is o 1 e J

North 0ns 1 ow i n 1 ith 0ns 1 ow oo 1 on This

k 1 inburg est in

20.

the state-. Craven County and Carteret County have medians of 9.9 school years completed by this same segment of their populations, which is among the upper 10% of all counties in the state^

Four years ago there Catteret and 0 ns 1 ow count ly 10,000 t eenagers in th Today many of these young college. Year s from now of continuing number s of of college age is very gr County has the hlghe s t pr families with children un old of all count ie s in th as compare d to 31.6% for a who 1e) . C raven Countv third highest county in t

were in C ra ven ^ ies approxlmate- e 14 to 17 range people are in

the likelihood ch 1 Idren coming eat; 0ns low oportion of der six years e state (52.4% the state as (38.6%) is the his ca gegory.

The deduction seems relatively clear. The area has a high enough

family Income, a tendency toward higher educational attainment and a large proportion of children In Its population. All of this leads to the conclusion that a higher educational facility In this region Is needed. The federal government Is Interested In this aspect of educational development and will participate In 40% of the con- struction costs of public community colleges and public technical Institutes. For other undergraduate

facilities the federal government will contribute up to one-third of the project costo Perhaps the reason that Morehead City and Jacksonville have been unsuccessful in beginning con- struction of a college facility In their respective areas has been that each town was too provincial in Its attitude. A facility which could service the entire Croatan Forest region would be far more likely to succeed.

21.

HAVELOCK NORTH CAROLINA

TAKE-OFF-APPROACH ZONE

HIGH-DECIBEL ZONE 1 /

LAND USE PLAN ] CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

HIGHWAY AND NEIGHBORHOOD COMMER- CIAL, AND WHOLESALE BUSINESS

APARTMENTS

INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE

Zl MIXED APARTMENTS AND HIGHWAY AND NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS

"~1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL AND AG- RICULTURE

FT3 MARINE CORP AND RELATED

k II SCHOOLS AND RECREATION

RECOMMENDED ACTION NEEDED TO ACHIEVE HAVELOCKiS GOALS

1. Form an Industrial Foundation to acquire land which upon availability of public water will be develop- ed and offered for lease or sale at cost, with appropriate deed restrictions, to worthwhile industrial prospects.

2. Enact a zoning ordinance to Insure the orderly arrangement of land uses within the town and the reser- vation of land for its most appropriate future use.

3. Write and enact a set of subdivision regulations, not to force conformity of new residential areas to preconceived notions, but to encourage new and better solutions to everyday needs.

4. Enact a mobile home ordinance to insure that this growing segment of the community will have decent accommodations and uncrowded, pleasant surroundings.

5. Organize a regional commission to look Into the possibility of a community college or technical institute in the Croatan Forest area.

6. Distribute copies of this report to all local civic organizations.

7. Establish the Havelock Planning Board as an advisory committee charged with the responsibility of meeting with all Individuals considering improvements to private property within the town to inform these people of the community plan and encourage them to utilize the design principles demonstrated In this report. If people are aware, prior to making plans of their own, of the community desire, most will wish to cooperate voluntarily.

8. Aid in establishing a County planning board In Craven County to assist in the guidance of development of the County, particularly that area of concern to Havelock Immediately outside its town boundaries and outside Its jurisdiction.

23.

STATE LIBRARY OF NORTH CAROLINA

3 3091 00747 6807

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