COURSE TITLE: A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE TO THEIR LIVING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT – FROM AN EVIDENCE BASED VANTAGE POINT.

IIDA, ASID, and AIA Course number:

Learning Objectives

• Choice of college revealed through national surveys

• Finish Selections through Evidence Based Design process increases student achievement

• Where sustainability fits into the collegiate environment

Diversified Needs of a Campus

Administration

Housing

Food Service

Athletics

Academic

Bookstore

Library

Lower Student Enrollment Increases Collegiate Competition

High school graduates down 7.5%

through 2015

Community colleges declined

1%

Source: US Dept of Education 2010, Commission on Higher Education

When the competition gets tough…

Source: Generation X Finance & OnlineUniversity.com Statistics

• Laptops• Tablets• Luxury recreation centers• Exotic dining options• Laundry delivery service

Source: "The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 2001," published by American Council on Education and University of California at Los Angeles Higher Education Research Institute2000 vs. 2011

Essential Life Objectives of College Students2000 vs 2011

Becoming successful in my own business up 2%

Influencing social valuesup 4%50

70

9073.6 72.3

61.4

78.1 74.769.1

20002011

Source: "The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 2001," published by American Council on Education and University of California at Los Angeles Higher Education Research Institute2000 vs. 2011

Essential Life Objectives of College Students2000 vs 2011

Becoming involved in programs to clean up the environment

0

10

20

30

40

50

17

26.9

20002011

Why do students select the college they attend?

Source: Chronicle of Higher Education – Student Data

Good Jobs 56.5%

Cost 41.6%

Visit 41.4%Size 39.8%

Gain Admission to Post-Graduate Schools 34.6%

Near Home 20.1%

Website 19.2%

Can a facility secure a student’s decision?

Source: Association of Higher Education Facility Officers: Facilities play a key role in students’ enrollment decisions

Considered "Extremely Impor-tant" by Students

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

8073.6

53.650.9 49.8

42.2

35.6 34.6 34.4

28.6

Facilities dedicated for ma-jor

Library

Sophisticated technology

Classrooms

Residence Halls

Exercise facility

Bookstore

Open space

Dining Hall

Can a facility deter a student’s decision?

Source: Association of Higher Education Facility Officers: Facilities play a key role in students’ enrollment decisions

• 26% of respondents rejected an institution because an important building was inadequate

• 16.6% nixed a college because an important facility was poorly maintained.

What do parents say?

Source: Longmire and Company 2010 Study of Parents: How they evaluate colleges and influence enrollment

Parental Input

Source: Longmire and Company 2010 Study of Parents: How they evaluate colleges and influence enrollment

Parental Input

Source: Longmire and Company 2010 Study of Parents: How they evaluate colleges and influence enrollment

Technology- Search Engines

2011 & 2012 Pew Research: Pew internet and American Life Project

94%

75%

54%

• College students average 109.5 text messages per day – that’s about 3,200 per month.

• 66% of students use a smartphone. 87% of teachers say these technologies are creating an “easily distracted generation with short attention spans”.

Technology- Mobile Devices

What does Facebook tell us college students LIKE?

What does the student say about their environment?

Student Preference on Design

Source: Designing Colleges for More than Just ConnectivitySource: Changing Course: Connecting Campus Design to a New Kind of Student

– Gensler Design + Performance Report

Student Preference on Design

Source: Designing Colleges for More than Just ConnectivitySource: Changing Course: Connecting Campus Design to a New Kind of Student

– Gensler Design + Performance Report

Student Preference for Studying

Source: Designing Colleges for More than Just ConnectivitySource: Changing Course: Connecting Campus Design to a New Kind of Student

– Gensler Design + Performance Report

Student Preference on Studying

Source: Designing Colleges for More than Just ConnectivitySource: Changing Course: Connecting Campus Design to a New Kind of Student

– Gensler Design + Performance Report

Student Preference on Studying

Source: Designing Colleges for More than Just ConnectivitySource: Changing Course: Connecting Campus Design to a New Kind of Student

– Gensler Design + Performance Report

Student achievement vs Cleanliness

Cleanliness and learning in Higher Education: April 2008 Jeffery Campbell Ph. D, Brigham Young and APPA

Clean Facilities Research

• There are 5 levels of APPA Cleanliness so a baseline was put into place, which is recommended for any type of measurement.

• Level One – Orderly Spotlessness• Level Two – Ordinary Tidiness

• Level Three – Casual Inattention• Level Four – Moderate Dinginess

• Level Five – Pig Pen and Nasty

Cleanliness and learning in Higher Education: April 2008 Jeffery Campbell Ph. D, Brigham Young and APPA

Clean Facilities Research

Research Conclusion:

• 84% said they absolutely prefer a level 1 or 2 to create a good education environment and 80% said cleanliness affected their achievement levels.

• Facility Cleanliness is ranked as the 4th student concern. The top 3 were noise, lighting, and air temperature.

• Students also acknowledged that personal health was linked to a clean building

Cleanliness and learning in Higher Education: April 2008 Jeffery Campbell Ph. D, Brigham Young and APPA

Building conditions affect student achievement

Source:Cleanliness and Learning in Higher Education / APPA / CFaR, Building conditions affect student achievement

Building conditions affect student achievement

Source:Cleanliness and Learning in Higher Education / APPA / CFaR, Building conditions affect student achievement

What do students say?

Source: Cleanliness and learning in Higher Education: April 2008 Jeffery Campbell Ph. D with APPA ; Tandus field survey 2012

Evidence Based Design

• Evidence Based Design is the process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to assure the best possible outcome.• Financial • Safety • Satisfaction • Economic

KIRK HAMILTON D., Research Informed Design & Outcomes for Healthcare, in Evidence Based Hospital Design Forum, Washington, January 2009

Evidence Based Design

How can evidence shape our decisions…

Goals: Credible research- facts and

experience Inform the user Predictable OR Preventable

outcomes

What does the research say?

Cleanliness and learning in Higher Education: April 2008 Jeffery Campbell Ph. D with APPA ; Tandus field survey 2012

• Acoustics• Thermal• Cleanable• Durable• Safety• Maintainable• Improve IAQ• ROI• Moisture Management

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)

Combination of ailments associated with an individual's place of work or residence.

Symptoms:• sensory irritation of the eyes, nose, throat• neurotoxic or general health problems• skin irritation• nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions• odor and taste sensations

Causes• HVAC/Indoor Air Quality• Other contributing elements may include poor lighting and adverse

ergonomic conditions, temperature extremes, noise, and psychological stresses that may have both individual and interpersonal impact.

Source: epa.gov

Sick Building Syndrome: IAQ

New Research Numerous studies on topic

cited in research First study showing

resuspension of particulates 12x more on hard surface

(VCT) on airborne or settled dust

5x more on broadloom (carpet with seams) on airborne or settled dust

Settled Dust is associated with Sick Building Syndrome

Source: Atmospheric Environment: Particle loading and resuspension related to floor coverings in education environment University of Tulsa 2012 by Dr. Richard Shaughnessy.

VCTT: Resuspension Research

Source: Atmospheric Environment: Particle loading and resuspension related to floor coverings in education environment University of Tulsa 2012 by Dr. Richard Shaughnessy.

Moisture Impermeable products, like Hybrid Resilient, reduces respirable exposure to resuspended dust.

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10Time (minutes)

Part

icle

s pe

r cub

ic fo

ot

0

7500000

15000000

22500000

30000000

Part

icle

s pe

r cub

ic m

eter

50 grams per square meter 100 grams per square meter

150 grams per square meter Carpet Shed

Broadloom

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10Time (minutes)

Part

icle

s pe

r cub

ic fo

ot

0

7500000

15000000

22500000

30000000

Part

icle

s pe

r cub

ic m

eter

50 grams per square meter 100 grams per square meter

150 grams per square meter Carpet Shed

Hybrid Resilient

Loads: 50 g/m2 100 g/m2

150 g/m2

VCTT: Settled Dust Research

Source: Atmospheric Environment: Particle loading and resuspension related to floor coverings in education environment University of Tulsa 2012 by Dr. Richard Shaughnessy.

Pre Day 1 Day 2 Day 30

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0.474 0.288 0 0.692 0.999

70 70 70

7.5 7.5 7.5

Students Hours Grams

Weather: SunshineActivity: Indoor Recess

Weather: SunshineActivity: Indoor Recess

Weather: CloudyActivity: Outdoor Recess

VC

T –

Ele

men

tary

Sch

ool

Roo

m 1

: Dai

ly R

ecov

ery

(g/m

2)

IAQ During Maintenance

Burnishing VCT

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM

Aer

osol

Con

cent

ratio

n (

g/m3 )

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Car

bon

Dio

xide

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pm)

2.5 micron aerosol10.0 micron aerosolcarbon dioxide

1 2

3

Source: Bill Turner; Turner Research Group

Slip and Fall• #1 in accidents in

commercial buildings in which over 70% are on hard surfaces

• 2nd cause of accidental death (#1 is car accident)

• Leading category of serious personal injury in commercial buildings

• Leading cause of non-fatal injury representing 1/3 of injured persons and 1/5 of non-hospitalized persons each year

Source: US CDC & National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

Slip and Fall

ASTM D2047Coefficient of friction• Textile wet or dry .8• Dangerous by OCEA .45• Ice .30• *VCT .15

Source: Bunterngchit Y. et al. “Age Related Effects of Transitional Floor Surfaces and Obstruction of View on Gait Characteristics Related to Slips and Falls”. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 25 (3).223-232. 2000

Slip and Fall

Net Effect:• Average liability award for settlement of a slip

and fall injury $60,000 - $100,000• Average salary of a college professor $81,500• Not including the cost the reputation of the

institution

Source: Nationwide Insurance / CNN Money

Noise

Long history of voice disorder amongst teachers 11% on average and 58% report a

history $2.5 billion annually in sick leave for

teachers with vocal problems Vocal Dysfunction directly related to Job

Satisfaction, Performance, and Attendance 18% of teachers miss work and 40% limit

classroom activitiesSource: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2004; Katherine Verdolini, Lorraine O. Ramig Review:

“Occupational risks for voice problems”, Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology Vol. 26:37-46, 2001

Acoustics

Closed cellcushion (.22)

Modular(non

cushion)(.14)

Hard Surface(.02) or under

Noise Reduction Coefficient, NRC, rating for student housing is 45db. Powerbond can reduce NRC by 25% in an occupied space.

Source: ITS Interlock Testing Service

Acoustics

Impact Insulation Class, IIC

Student housing usually needs an underlayment installed in the flooring. Hybrid resilient cushion works as your flooring underlayment for an acoustic barrier- achieving a 62 rating.

Acoustics Classroom

• Studies show that students with autism and Asperger’s syndrome have strong sensitivity to noise that can trigger challenging behavior

• 75% of the school day involves listening activities.

Source: Jerry Webster, Asperger’s Syndrome in the Beneral Education Classroom; Nelson P., et al., ”Classroom Acoustics II: Acoustical Barriers to Learning”, Acoustic Society of America, April 2003.

Acoustics Housing

• Irregular sleep negative quality of sleep is proven to lead to: violent behavior, sickness including chronic disease, alcoholism, and limit your ability to learn and listen.

Source: Reite M, Ruddy J, Nagel K. Concise guide to evaluation and management of sleep disorders (3rd ed). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2002;

Thermal Value: Closed Cell Cushion

50k SF building analysis (2 story) 4% net savings in heating 3% net savings in cooling Flooring insulator “feels” warmer

to user

Source: H.L. Tuner Science Group

Green Products/Environmental

Sustainability

What is Sustainable?

Sustainable Campuses

• 68% of Students said it was important to their selection process.

• Princeton Review green colleges:• Students have a campus quality of life that is both

healthy and sustainable• How well a school is preparing students not only for

employment in a clean energy economy of the 21 century, but also a citizenship in a world now defined by environmental challenges

• How environmentally responsible a schools policies are

Source: Princeton Review of Green Colleges / Natural Awakenings September 2012

Sustainable Colleges

Sustainable Culture…

Sustainable Campuses

• American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment or ACCUPCC• President sign• Eliminate GHG’s from operations• Promote research and education to re - stabilize

earths climate

Source: www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/

Awareness & Engagement: RecycleMania

Awareness and Engagement Motivate students and staff to increase

recycling efforts and reduce waste generation. Generate attention and support for campus

recycling programs. Encourage colleges to measure and

benchmark recycling activity in their effort to improve their programs over time.

Have a fair and friendly competition.

Awareness & Engagement: RecycleMania

Sustainable Campuses

Carbon Neutral

Source: American University Carbon Neutral 2020 goal brochure

Sustainable Campuses: Common Goals

• Standardization of LEED buildings• Measurable recycling• LEED EBOM• Dashboards• 3rd Party verification on products• Climate Neutral products and Net Zero buildings• LCA (Life Cycle Assessments• Green Cleaning• AASHE / STARS – transparent and self reporting

framework to measure their sustainable performance (by AASHE)

Sustainable Campuses: LEED

• LEED (Leadership Energy Environmental Design)• Most popular in Higher Education buildings• 4.0 in pilot and in question• Financial outcome continual argument• Most campuses committed to sustainability have

a minimum LEED standard for NC• Encompassing EPD

Sustainable Products

Greenwashing:The proliferation of unsubstantiated or ambiguous marking claims that manufacturers make about the environmental attributes of their products.

• Environmentally friendly• “Up to…”

Sustainable Manufacturing

• EMS (Environmental Management System)• ISO 14001 Certified• Safety is a priority?• The right culture starting with the leadership?• 3rd Party Certification on their claims• A History of Innovation around Sustainability• Financially capability

Product Sustainability• Affordable• Resource Efficient• Recycled and Recyclable• Reduces Environmental Impacts• Non-Toxic• Contributes to Indoor Environmental Quality• Durable• Life Cycle Costing• Carbon Neutral• Manufactured in ISO 14001 facility• Manufactured by a culture of Innovative Community• SCS Certified• NSF 140

Lifecyle Assessment

Attempts to quantify the total environmental impact of a material or product by assessing all stages in the life of a material.

• Raw materials• Manufacturing• Use• Disposal

What is the most sustainable product or building?

Conclusion

• Universities are becoming very competitive• Students are aware of their well being, sustainability, and a

sustainable campus• EBD research is a valuable asset to our selection process

and the outcome well being of the student – as well as the financial bottom line• Noise / Indoor Air Quality / Slip and Fall

• Sustainability on campus works for the student and the financial impact of the University• Useful measurement tools are necessary - dashboards• Life Cycle Costing / Life Cycle Assessments are • 3rd Party certified is the only way