iij!j~ ill j :st tr...(tart), ;b,(-ij' ;,;,--'(-> gsrb...

16
Chapter2 ±.l!l ~93l 1th•c;~~ili~ho 7:t Jv L!:l •?llitl*9~:ilifc~ Wi!:: ?v-V70>7-r 17- 1-t..:tl:~-tt,j~O) f5i$ lft,i:., a9'3W J 1:i-J-t., -rffl;-'f!!Ja9-r'l:>-:>t..: o TMRIHffit.,~J ~iH*-t ol: r, m:i:\O>if!.*I: ±.ffl~u!h ,t..:ffiU '7-1-V-/'O> ftii~ J iiffi*!:ft~ ht..:~t..:t~-Jl:lt 7'h ·f', tii~0>1 ·f *o '- ±. {).l;;O> Ji 'Ji~!:l;t - ~~ii!liU..: 0 .fO>~bol:, :J/'t-/"f-17 Jv -r'9;1](8t,i:~fM•c; fffit.,~ J jl!.Ji-t .:1:h'-r'~o!:l '?~ i. ~~mil:jljlt.,iliU..: o f ~8, iiffih'li&')-r#ru£~(8-r' fflttagt.i:itib1:t.i:o-:)-:)l:>o.:i:1;t, 7 ~70) r:ilif-\: J iiffi *t..:th(*t!tt~t., "fl ,t,i:l ,"[' .f),:S-jffil,l •$ !I§~~,?, l, "fl •o ! J0 19 ~c;1:1:-:>-r fffil,~ J f:ilifctt J l;t 7:t JvL -r'l;t t.i:<, =1/'t-J"f-::i.71v t.i:oLO>HU-1:: U..:o f 5i$0> iiffi*h( r~~rdl(8 / ~j't(lg j ~.tih•c;ii*l:~t'O) I: Mt., -r, 4 IH 93l ~(lg, IIJ!J~ (8, t$ ill (lg J :st t tr ft h•c;iiffil:~t'O)-r'.f>oL 20 TMRt;t, Ar11,0)~j'tt:~ -:f <93l 1t±.-~'51'JJ:m(8t:#~~ii.,, MAS, FENO AP, .ft., -r SSYA t:J:0Ji~~ti(7:;;7(8~tt!:i-J-lit:.f)ol:!J{* (lg.:t! bo!::jl!.t.i:U..:fiU~f~~ht..: 7:tJvL~~:i:\ ±. fta9 t:~~~-ttn 'O o :1 /'t7 ° "f-::i.7 Jv t.i:LO>~ fffi ll ' J 1::-t o~ i.il':EJ'l h,f;.{;61) t..:O> t;t, 1970~~0)j:if;iJ5J<(8 Ji'fi~0) 7·,1 ;J.:1- ;J. O) qt "['~00 1974~0) MAS O>Ji~~f.1~07··1:t;t, lf!OO 0>$/rlitlt:ffl~~h t..:~::tt;Jtt: 00-t oil2.$ti•c;#t~U..::)t •il'l:>0 0 21 f,¥;:)t J 1:Jffl~ht..::)ti;lt;t.:-j i c.-t o Ll;t~:EJ'lf-\;~ffit;t, iiffi*t..:th'l •h•t.i:o~:EJ'l~ ~~ti-Jl:tt 7'ho1f!fih'-r'~n •o!:.:.:str~n, oo Ji~t,i:O)l;t, iiffifh"b~f'!=Oili-t.:1::-r't;tt.i:<, .fO>~ttt:l:>o~i.:1J-r'~oo ···[$11U·· "'-lmt:, ii Wi.fO>bO>il ' b'? r~i,- iiWJ J (lg~~t;t, :EJ'lf-\;~* 0)$/rl,l '~ i., ffill ,ffltt!:tt9'?'?.f)o 0 22 .:0>1974~0) MAS 0) Ji~~ f.J~ 07 •'0) 1ft -r'~ t;t, iiffiH!ffi-r'l;t t.i:<ffll~----1::~ hJbA-t~ ·ffillix!:: l -r f¾~l, n •oil', .f ht;t MAS O),f-r '*o~- ::1:. {).l;;O)}i 'fi~h':1/'t-J"f-::i.71vt.i:ti0>1:i-j-t., -rim ii• ht..: .:1:: ~:;?, t.,n,t..: 0 .fl-r, ::J/'t-J"f-::i.71vt.i:0L0>~ f ffit.,~ J !::t., -rJilffl-to.:? U..:ffl;ilf (8Ji'fi~t;t, V/' t.J ·-~-1v1:f;.f;t 9, ~bobO>-r'l;tt.i:il•-:,t..: 0 .fO>ti, 1970~{-\;~Jit.,-r, Jl{m7:;;7~l)Jx-r':1 /'t-J"f- ::i. 7Jv0) J::ti(ot: °!i-:>t..: O)"[' <f>o o 1/'l' ':-t,V70>-'/7 f.J/'• ;J..=-· Jv /{· / ,;v(GSRB :=..:i- · r-r•i.-.Y;(:-- rH;t, r ~l •1m :iliJJJ 0> JiHl!~tiiii ~-tto t..:61)1:, /,/'f' ' /', :;;37··:;;...,f.J;v~, V"r'f.JJv~0)7-j-,1;;,. l-t..:til'ffH?j-U..:.:1::1:~~~l, "fl 'o o GSRB l;t, Wc!ira9 DAY 2 October 1 t,i:~ *7 f.J-r ·~-O)f;tt~l:vt-t 0$ ~:ilib~fll:, $~ 'Mtii**t..:th']t~t., , fl)(.0>5fi J 1:Jffl~ht..:7 .=-7 :r. 7- J-1:1:til:19 75~t=~~U..: o ii*~ f :r. 1 J-r-±.ft(8t,i: ~~Jh,c;M~l, f.fO>~Jitt~ !f&')-fJ, f{itiJcag, N. ~a9iiffi~!i!0>~mt.i: ~ a%ffifiil J ~~o7'no~<- * (7y,1:,,-r -r l ~~A. -r, ffiU •7:tivL""-1::tlt~-t o.:1: ~*&')t..:0)-r'~o o 23 GSRB 1:J:o r :r. 1 ;-1- ::l:. ftagt.i:~~ J 1:M-tol)(• t;t, iiffi (r -r l H ~ ffi(7y,1:--r- rlJ 1::~UR-to~•t.i: t,j1Jlj(8,l\!.l~l:ri'.iJtt i;nt..:LO>-r'l:> -:> t..: o .fht;t, TMR h' m~~tlt0>ffi'$h •c;s1 ~iliU..: J:Vt, {itiJt(Gt.i:iiffi~ !l!H:ffl·:: f < .f 0>ft!!0> ii*, (8fillifiil, ffi' $ 0>'.ii:ft~~i 7'~ -t obO>l:i-J-t., -r-r'~ -:> t..: o TMRO)J:-jl: GSRB Mt..: 5i$1ft,i:.,(8t,i:t,j~iiffi-"O>i-tvt ~ ~!:l-r, fffiU 'ii Wr~!i!J -t ofH·'.ii:nU.i: ii * t.Jr:f1J-~1:::r. 7 Jv.:\'--~:J:TliBi-to.:1::~lli\ht..: o ~JA.li.fhl;t, :;;37··:;;..., .1JJv~0)7 f.J-r·~-· ;J..=- • Jv/ {•,f /'f' ' ;.f, V7 (ASRI :,(:,,)' ;j,::, 7~ j;ij 7;1;f-"~- )~f;.{;61)1::-t oii*7 f.J-r·~-h(flfi~-t o~ f,f,j (7y,1:,,-7-r ) 0) f.Jj-:f 1 J-l:l;t f? thttl ,ffi O>bO>~tt ~t., n •t..: 0 TMR1:: GSRB l;t!:Ll:9;1](1gt,i:~9*-il.hO>ri'.iJ J::, -tt.i:btiiffiO>,tllii, Ji~~~jmt., "fO)~~ ~.f h.f hl:¥}~-t offl; ff (lg~~!::7-Jo-"f-~Jil,-r, ttf,& ( j-7=. .,,7) J:otiffll~ (::1 :--1? ::trl ~ :!itll.U..: o il•'?-rtii 1lliii 1.SUicU..: 1-r ' *o '- ::1:. {).l;;O) }i'fi~l;t, .:.:1:~-r, AA*O>tii~:iliJJ~~U!::U..:~-0)7,t-? 1 ) ;lL-r'l;tt,i: <, :J/'t-J"f- :i7 1 J;lLt:~-:S <ffl; ilf(8Ji'fi~!:lli--t o 1:°!i-:>t..:0>-r'l:>0 0 .:-jt.,-r TMR 1:: GSRB,.f)ol•t;t~::tti#O>J:-jt,i:,00 A0>7-r1:J.r-h%~U..:t'Jt$xl;t, 5i$1ft,i:.,(lgt,i:t,j~O) min~,=~m-tot..:61)0>Ji'U'.~0>~~m1~-tolftr. ii *.fO>bO>O>*JH!f~ r.ttf t..:1:: ~-:>"fl ' l ' o 7··0-/,1v ·c'~ Ji(lgt,i:t,J"~Hl! fil-t oAA* (lg ,l\!.ltl!0>1tii-r't;tt.i:<, ii tilt (8t.i:iif,&~!f!ti•i;~ti•hoJl{i$ffi' $ ~~(8fillifiill:~---J < * 1v~-rr1• .tt.i:j\!.m - 7:;;7, Jl{m7V7, .fl -ro-f.J 1vt.i:)t{tJftifilti,i;gi ai1g*ag1:Jll!~,ffi'$, ~~Hmili -t~<~ftijf!F~~:n:ft-t o.:1:- ti 1 , Jl{m7v71::t:>1to fffit.,~ J ~~hili-tti?V-1::'?0>im! :li-l !::t,i: -:, t..:O>-r'.f>o o l,il•t.,, 5i$0>t,J"~1:~il •ht..:1-r·:to=¥'-::l:.{).I;; 0>Ji'fi~t:~c;t.i:o~Jffl~t¾ :;r, U..:0>1;t, lllH@Ri't!!{~~ fi~fftt.,)i&')of1tff (8Jift~il 1 Hliii~-ttt..: r 1 )7 Jv J 0) ffll~~~o~$--r'~ -:> t..: o J{O)t'Jt$x OO*, U~, .fl-rtmR±i!!tt ffl;ff (8}i~~~::i£ii!liU..:7-r17- 1-t..:tt;t, ~< fl,fj I: f1J7 Jv J 1:l '?~J'l'i~ J::lf oJ:-jt:t,i:-:,f,: 0 *±~~1ti!::l;t 155 C11lt11ral l\elwllion i11 \sia 196o-1989 19 f.,J L ,9Ci 20 JoJL 50fi 21 f./.Htt ili:fl::xlifi1"~ Mo'l If)(, Jr-lit- 22 fnl f- 23 JX'IO) 5 f i, ~:lt.lRl.i.L;/. f ~p(! Bma L M,klouho-Makla,, f;..pOJmgSoat'f) J W 11111J1 5rmu: t\ rpea.r of ( ofllemport1r) I 11J,meJ1.111 1\r1 \111a /966 (Adda,<le Flindec; l n1,trs1ty of .SouchAustralia. 1991 ), pp.25-26.

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Page 1: IIJ!J~ ill J :st tr...(TART), ;b,(-ij' ;,;,--'(-> GSRB t.i:fi,(f.1tffi'.f9}i'.fi~~*k !:ftii!liU.:o .::hC,0)7-7'---tt-5

Chapter 2

±.l!l ~93l 1th•c;~~ili~ho 7:t Jv L!:l •?llitl*9~:ilifc~ Wi!:: ?v-V70>7-r 17-1-t..:tl:~-tt,j~O) f5i$ lft,i:., a9'3W J 1:i-J-t., -rffl;-'f!!Ja9-r'l:>-:>t..:o

TMR IHffit.,~ J ~iH*-t ol: r, m:i:\O>if!.*I: ±.ffl~u!h ,t..:ffiU '7-1-V-/'O> f tii~ J iiffi*!:ft~ ht..:~t..:t~-Jl:lt 7'h ·f', tii~0>1 ·f *o =¥'- ±. {).l;;O> Ji 'Ji~!:l;t - ~~ii!liU..:0 .fO>~bol:, :J/'t-/"f-17 Jv

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-r'l;t t.i:<, =1/'t-J"f-::i.71v t.i:oLO>HU-1:: U..:o f5i$0>

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t:~~~-ttn 'Oo

:1 /'t7 ° "f-::i.7 Jv t.i:LO>~ f ffi ll ' J 1::-t o~ i.il':EJ'l h,f;.{;61) t..:O> t;t, 1970~~0)j:if;iJ5J<(8 Ji'fi~0) 7 ·,1 ;J.:1-;J.

O) qt "['~00 1974~0) MAS O>Ji~~f.1~07··1:t;t, lf!OO 0>$/rlitlt:ffl~~h t..:~::tt;Jtt: 00-t oil2.$ti•c;#t~U..::)t •il'l:>0 0 21 f,¥;:)tJ 1:Jffl~ht..::)ti;lt;t.:-jic.-t o

Ll;t~:EJ'lf-\;~ffit;t, iiffi*t..:th'l •h•t.i:o~:EJ'l~

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.:0>1974~0) MAS 0) Ji~~ f.J~ 07 •'0) 1ft -r'~ t;t, iiffiH!ffi-r'l;t t.i:<ffll~----1::~ hJbA-t~ ·ffillix!:: l -r f¾~l, n •oil', .f ht;t MAS O),f-r'*o~- ::1:.{).l;;O)}i 'fi~h':1/'t-J"f-::i.71vt.i:ti0>1:i-j-t., -rim ii• ht..: .:1:: ~:;?,

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1/'l' ':-t,V70>-'/7 f.J/'• ;J..=-· Jv /{· / ,;v(GSRB :=..:i- ·

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l-t..:til'ffH?j-U..:.:1::1:~~~l, "fl 'o o GSRB l;t, Wc!ira9

DAY 2 October 1

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155 C11lt11ral l\elwllion i11 \sia 196o- 1989

19 f.,J L ,9Ci

20 JoJL 50fi

21 f./.Htt ili:fl::xlifi1"~ Mo'l If)(, Jr-lit-

22 fnl f-

23 JX'IO) 5 f i, ~:lt.lRl.i.L;/. f ~p(!

Bma L M,klouho-Makla,, f;..pOJmg Soat'f) J W 11111J1 5rmu: t\ rpea.r of ( ofllemport1r) I 11J,meJ1.111 1\r1 \111a /966 (Adda,<le Flindec; l n1,trs1ty of .Souch Australia. 1991 ), pp.25-26.

Page 2: IIJ!J~ ill J :st tr...(TART), ;b,(-ij' ;,;,--'(-> GSRB t.i:fi,(f.1tffi'.f9}i'.fi~~*k !:ftii!liU.:o .::hC,0)7-7'---tt-5

24

25 Apinan Posh;ananda, ,\lodt:r11 Ari /fl J"h.11/,111d III the \·intltnllh 111d 'f u wtu:th CenlllrJt'.f ( i\-tw York Oxtord l'n 1\"ers1q Pres, 11)9"'),

p. 16 I

26 lul I . 165J.'i

27 Flor1:s, fi•lt\l 06 • 224-rl fi

28 P,;aJ,tsa and [sa, fi1i/l,l 18 • i6(i

29 Flores, 'Soual Realism rh1: Turns of a T1:rm ,n rht· Phdippines, · .-\_lim,/1 Jr,11,-,,,1/, Issue , l, Au-tumn \'Vinrer (201 \).

• http: www.afterall.org Journal issue . .1 soc1al-real 1~m-tht-turns-of-a-rerm-1 n-rhe-ph, I ippines < r,-e~ 201c;1t ,n

30 Ch.mrel Mouffe, A_~m,i/1,.<. 'f hmk-111~ the W r,r/J Pol1ti,JII) (New York. Verso. 2111 <), p 91

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17 TART

Yu Jin Seng

156 Art Studies_Ol

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Presentation 1

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Chapter2

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DAY 2 October 1

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157 Cultural n, •l• ·llion in \sia 196o 1g89

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Prapc.n Kum11m

158 Art Studies_Ol

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Presentation 2

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Chapter 2

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159 Cultur al l\ebe llion in \si,1 1g6o 1989

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160 Art Studies_Ol

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Presentation 2

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Chapter 2

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DAY 2 October 1

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161 Cultural l1Plwllio11 in \sia 196o 1989

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Simon Soon

162 Art Studies_Ol

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Presentation 3

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Chapter 2

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DAY 2 October 1

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163 Cultur al l\t-1,..llion in \., ia 1960 1989

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06 Simon Soon, "An Empty Canvas on whtch Many Shadows have Fallen," /'\am1t11'd m Mala)Jian Art- Vol11me 2: Reactions -~'Veu· Cr,tfral Strategm, Nur Hanim Kha1ruddin, Beverly Yong, and T K. Sabapathy eds. (Kuala Lum-pur: RogueArt, 201;), pp. 55-69.

07 Redza Piyadasa,"Modernist and Post-Modernist Developments m Malaysian Art m the Post-Inde-pendence Period," M1,,krntt) m AJtan Art, John Clark, ed. (New South Wales: lJnivermy of Sydney East Asian Studies No. 7 and Wild Peony, 1993), pp. 169-181.

08 Redza Piyadasaed., l,111,ii/ Zam Retro,peam Exh1h11ton 1964-1991, exh. cat. ( Kuala Lumpur· National Art Gallery, 1995).

09 Ooi Kok Chuen," trokes of Wry Humour," Tht Star On/me. 1998~4Fl26A • http: iwww.v1web.freehostmg. netlPamckNg.htm (Y7t:,. 2014\f'JJ)

10 Puri ca Kalaw-Ledesma and Amadis Ma. Guerrero, The Struggle for Philippme Art, (Quezon City· Vera-Reyes, 197•\ ), pp.68-69.

11 .Yi::,,-t 7-7,t• ~>-/::,,;;((! .:O)~

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Inc, 1959).

fig.04

109,Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lum-pur,. ialaysia

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Presentation 3

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Chapter 2

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DAY 2 October 1

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169 Cultur a l llelX'llion iu \si a 196o 1g89

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09 Ramon Santos, "So,:iety and Power as MusIC Composinon," unpub-lished essay.

10 Albano, li1Jtt.\ ,07 , 161{

11 Raymundo Albano, "Installations: A Case for Hangings," Ph,t,ppm, Art S11pp/,rm:nt, Vol. 2 No.I (1981), p. \

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14 Alice Gudlermo, Prot<.il Reto/11-11,m,,ry Art m th, Phrl,ppm" /';)7U -[<)')() (Manila lln1vers1ty of the

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Patrick D. Flores

170 Art Studies_Ol

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