il danteum

7/22/2019 il danteum

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IL DANTEUMAn Unbuilt

Memorial to Dante Alghieri

GIUSEPPETERRAGNI,

1938


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Brief History The Danteum is an unbuilt monument

designed by the modernistarchitect Giuseppe Terragni at the behest

of Benito Mussolini's Fascist government.

The structure was meant to be builtin Rome on the Via del'Impero. Theintention was to celebrate the famous Italian

poet Dante, glorify Imperial Rome and extolthe virtues of a strong fascist state. Though itwas not constructed, the design waspresented at the 1942 Exhibition in Rome.

Terragnisdesign is a builtrepresentation of the levels ofheaven and hell.


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Il Danteum is an exercise in the imposition

of ideal geometry on form and space.

IL DANTEUM, VIA DEI FORIIMPERIALI , ROME

It is a work ofarchitecture that

exists in thatspecial andstrangetranscendent

world ofmathematics .


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Used a limited palette of basicarchitectural elements: wall, column,

platform, roof.

There are stairs and roof lights

but only one doorway,

appropriately for a builtrepresentation of hell, no

windows.

The subsidiary spaces areproportioned according to a

bewildering array of smaller

golden section rectangles.

The plan overall based on a 2rectangle. This includes the

entrance space screened by a high

wall.

The main body of the building

is based on a number of

overlapping golden section

rectangles of varying sizes.


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Golden Section Rectangle


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sections

The section is organized according togolden section and2 rectangles too.


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PURGATORIO has square

openings to the sky that

conform to the same geometry.

The inferno and purgatorio are overly divided by varyingfloor and ceiling surfaces, according to the classic diagram ofthe golden section rectangle.

INFERNO each of the squares

on which the golden section

rectangles are based hascolumn fixed at its center.


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SITE AND FUNCTION

Located in Via deiFori Imperiali inRome, in the midstof the ruins of

ancient Rome notfar from theColosseum

Il Danteum has nopractical purpose(other than the libraryin its basement)

The client intended thisbuilding as a political

statement.


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MATERIALS/ TEXTURE

Dark wood represent the hallof a hundred columns

Glass paradisothe columns and the roof

they are all of glass.

By reflection and refraction the glasscolumns would have transformedother people into shimmering spirits.


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Light and Mood

The columned hall was lit throughnarrow gaps in the floor of Paradiseabove, divided into squares eachsupported by one of the cantocolumns.

The purgatorio would have been litwith sunlight flooding in through theopenings in its ceiling .


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The house hanging over

a waterfall

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT,

1963-66

FALLINGWATER


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BRIEF HISTORY

Fallingwater was designed in 1935 for Pittsburghdepartment store owner Edgar Kaufmann Sr. and wasused as a mountain retreat by his family

Fallingwater dramatically combines Wright's vision of'organic' architecture with his engineering skills incantilevering. Wright's choice of the building's position

within the site, and design of the overhanging building,allow the inhabitants to 'live with the waterfall', ratherthan simply look at it

Wrights architectural idea, expressed in words, was tomark a place for a fire on the rocks beside a waterfalland to let a house, composed of rectangular horizontalplanes, grow from the hearth that over the water.


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Memorable features of thefallingwater:rough stone wallscantilevered balconiesbold use of glass

remarkable asymmetricalfireplacessite of the house


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Space and Form

The large living area has a wall of glass that lets you enjoy theview of the waterfall, in addition to receiving its relaxingrumor. The use of large windows eliminated the separation

between the rooms and outside.

The walls of theroom, like the restof the house, areequal to theoutside, with parts

of stone masonryof the place

The roof has a design thatwraps the lamps included in it.


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The composition of

fallingwater in plan isgoverned by a regulargrid, in this case 5 foot by5 foot.

Fallingwater'shorizontal andvertical lines aresome of thedistinctive features of

what has come to be

called theInternational Style.

The cantilevered roofs andterraces create planes and

rectangular prisms


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Fallingwater was made from the geometric orderthat Frank Lloyd Wright saw in the uneven rocksand made the rectangular slabs regular rectangles.

Fallingwater's horizontal lines go up to three levelswith rectangular and parallel terraces and cantileversover the rocky bank. The horizontal bands, that are

made of concrete, are balanced by a perpendicularwall.


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Floor plans


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Sections


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Elevations

North elevation

South elevation


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Floor plan of mainlevel. Most of thehouse's floor spaceis devoted to thestone-paved livingarea with its

various activityspaces. A highproportion of theliving space isoutdoors in the

form of terraces,loggia and plungepool below theliving room..


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Hanging over a waterfall inthe woods of south-westPennsylvania.

Key elements:almost horizontal slab of

rockriver- Bear runthe river flows fromunder a bridge that leadsonto an old roadthe roadway runs along

a rocky outcrop with anold dry stone wall.large bouldersthe sun shines into thisclearing surrounded bytrees

SITE AND FUNCTION

Building function :Residential


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MATERIALS AND TEXTURE

The cantilever is the basisfor Fallingwater's structure.Three horizontal trays madeof reinforced concrete formthe three levels of thehouse, echoing the naturalrock ledges beneath thehouse that jut out over BearRun.

Four pier or bolstersanchored into a boulderunderneath the main flooract as the fulcrum for thehouse.

Almost all of these concrete slabs, floorsor roofs, are cantilevered daringly,establishing the open interior spaces ofFallingwater that seem to reach out and

join the space of the valley outside.

Concrete slabs are anchored into theliving rock of the site.


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The core- hearth and chimney,

sets the style for stoneworkthroughout the house.

Flat stone slabs are laid up inirregular horizontal layersthat resemble rock

outcroppings

Wright emphasized the imageof a house composed chieflyof horizontal trays echoingthe bold rock ledges below,

establishing a unity of scaleand form - architecture andnature correspond.

Terraces are bounded by smoothslabs of concrete


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Wright used clear plate glasselegantly framed in thin metalframes or occasionally set directlyinto the masonry of the building.

The thin metal frames and themitered, sealed corner windows,provide a delicate veil betweenenclosed and open spaces.

The stone, native Pottsville sandstone, was laid in a rough,

shifting manner to imitate the natural stone layering .

The rounding of the concrete edges on the parapets speaks of theplasticity, or ability to be molded, of concrete in its fluid state.

Steel is essential to the strength of the concrete, almost forming

a skeleton that becomes visible throughout the house in railings,shelving, and window framework. Wright chose the "Cherokeered" color of a Native American pot for the metal surfaces.

Clear glass is used as a wall surface (instead of a hole in a wall),and is not covered, thus permitting the outside to flow freely into

the interior of the house


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LIGHT AND MOOD

The large living area has a wall of glass , to reflectnatural light and project it in an indirect way intothe interior.

il danteum

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