r I~L=_~~~================

l

bull

I

J~~-

~~~ h~~

lron Vcsy1 - Flott Ou CcICUI IIM~ igtimflJltl typical of t~ cotfllIt tlDI prtvidollllll Ul2joril) of lbe close tl1tlm vCl-Mb or the ~onll Atlamk conyo~ durinj Iht Ir Pmptrnd look pan In SC l 1111111 ~s t nlClIllcr of 115 Group whose iJchtirlOliltm l1uk is poinlctl on IICl runnel

~

shy w

= yen

~ ~ z ~-----5

=

bull

~

pound bull

v bull ro

G 1-

bull

- ()

---~- -

r

~ ---=-- -~ ~bullbullbull -=-Iof ~gtshy

4shy

LOSS amp COTROERSY

TOM FRAME

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

l

bull

I

J~~-

~~~ h~~

lron Vcsy1 - Flott Ou CcICUI IIM~ igtimflJltl typical of t~ cotfllIt tlDI prtvidollllll Ul2joril) of lbe close tl1tlm vCl-Mb or the ~onll Atlamk conyo~ durinj Iht Ir Pmptrnd look pan In SC l 1111111 ~s t nlClIllcr of 115 Group whose iJchtirlOliltm l1uk is poinlctl on IICl runnel

~

shy w

= yen

~ ~ z ~-----5

=

bull

~

pound bull

v bull ro

G 1-

bull

- ()

---~- -

r

~ ---=-- -~ ~bullbullbull -=-Iof ~gtshy

4shy

LOSS amp COTROERSY

TOM FRAME

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

~

shy w

= yen

~ ~ z ~-----5

=

bull

~

pound bull

v bull ro

G 1-

bull

- ()

---~- -

r

~ ---=-- -~ ~bullbullbull -=-Iof ~gtshy

4shy

LOSS amp COTROERSY

TOM FRAME

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

r

~ ---=-- -~ ~bullbullbull -=-Iof ~gtshy

4shy

LOSS amp COTROERSY

TOM FRAME

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

LOSS amp COTROERSY

TOM FRAME

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

r bull

j

----

-( A

o

-

1bull I bullbull

1

I iiI I bullbull1

fl J I all j

I

1

J

-

( ~-

-

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

I

Jo

bull shy l ~

shy bull

~-

ttl - I

It bull -

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

-----------shy-

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

_ wr __ _

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

middot

L II

I 1

j I

-shy-shy

SIh -I I I bull

c bullbull tlUtU U H d II

Ibullbull tl- t

bullbull f It bull

-I I 11 I I 11 I

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

PafCl iI lallneh of be Maumanil Sepl 201906 r f

1

c

t

I

II

11Iill~ shed at WC$t Yard 01 Swan Hunter 1900 MlUrelania was

II lilly Igtlldt here

111 10 Maiden Voyage ohhe MalirClanl3

bull

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

we

-lt1---~-shyrn

c

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

g

~ 00)5

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

c

rIf hal may hae been II hundredto-one chance to meet II jl -ul Out of her crew of 1260 over 500 wcre drowned I

It~ IIIjtg Captain Mnkcig-lones who went down vith his Ihll 11fCC days before smother of our aircrnft carriers later h 1IIIme famous HMS ATk Rotjal had also been attacked lt submarine while similarly engaged Mercifully the torshy1~1 s missed and her IlSSailant was promptly sunk by her fling destroiers

c It c

Iltslmding among our nova] problems was that of dealshyc 1M dTcctively with surface raiders which would inCitllbly lInl their IIppearance in the near future lIS they had done -II U14

() September 12 1 issued tbe fonowing minute

fm ord 10 Fint Sea Lord 12lX39 Cruircr PoliCJI

III lhe past we have sought to protl--ct our trade against sudden 1101 by (means of) crui5ers hning reeard to the lISt ocean li~S to be controlled tho principle WlS the moro the better I Ilu seuch fo cnemy raiders or eru1sen cven small cnWcrs 1101 phy their part nnd in the caso of tho Emden wo were lii bull to gather over twenty ships before she was rounded up 11r11Y(middotver a lone view of cntiseT poUo) would seem to suggest thai

c

bull h~w unit of search is required Whereas a cnWet squadroo or 1mIf hips could selrch on a fronl of say eighty mJle a sinllie IIBer accompanied by nn aircrllit cnnier could cover at IC3st litH hundred miles or if tho moement of the ship Is tllcn into f1IUnt four hundred miles 00 tho other hand we must appreshyl~ntl that the raiders of the future will be powerful CS$els elgertfl fiRIt n dnslo-shlp Action if D chnnce is Prosented The mere i)lIhlpUC3ton of smllu weak cruisers Is no mCnlS of ridding the iiIdJ of powerful raiders Indeed the nrc only III easy prey TIe IiIIT cornered at length will overwhelm one weak vessel and PIonpo from the cordon

eylllY unit of search must be able to find to C3lcb LIld to killfM tllis purpose we rcquin a number of cruisers superior to the IOOOO-lon type or olro pairs of our Dm lOOOO-ton type These lilll be accompanied by small n1rcraft carriers canying perhaps bull dlJun or Iwo doen machines and of the ml~lcst possible disshyrhmiddotemenL The ideal unit of selrch would be one killer or two IIIimiddot1uuler killers plus one nircrnft ClIlrier plus four oceanshy

387

-1 Iud in order to enable her own nira-aft to nlight upon (j 1~lIlling-dcek she hnppened in her unpredictable course

rtJ1i11 destroyers plus two or three specllllly constructed tankers

I

c

i

1 I

Itjt CJ1~middot~r -~j~~~bull ~~ J PL~

t-middotmiddot 1 ~fI tt n ~~ l~middot~ ~ -- ~ - t-- -1$1 JI 1 middot-1 0 j nbullbull1Jt rbullI~~----s-

C 41

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~~ ~~

(~DOL = - 1ti2 l t) ~ ~ Vc ott--T

- c i1~IJ r LA-rOlS o=gt 10l

1 i2or- ~= Cc arAA ~ S - 9 p)~

w-2 K()OLV vU-f-( S - i ~ (4~ Y N~e

AdeM Hitler gtalmes the crew uf fhe GenII ~uh llI~ril1c which dcsrrtlccl fhe British lircrair CIrricr COIITdt(J1Il in thc lpoundnglish Channel

ATLANTIS (SHIP 16)

1

1 I AI

1 ~~ II

~=-=~~iltLAlnU NltII IIlIOWl

~ _ r~~~ ~ _ Iampshy

~ shy

~ ICICIW J

TOQO

AC~ntrolwmofthi oppearanCl of1M SlcrtJl raftkrs In diJgufse Isgiven 6y these sktuha TIle Togo isdrown taoiglltu-dir(fClion ship to wIIlds1I4 WlUcomulcda[terlcrUllSUtttssfzdaJttmptlobrtakOlllfromllu Cla11ll1

rnutctdrnlJr~4by c_tUJgtI Dr B a_AroJtIiir Mil Ikttln)

41

f- - I

i U~~R~

~ L

78 Sunday Herald Sun Odober 12 2008

_--------------shy

~WHEN MYTHS TAKE ON LIFE

OFTHEIR OWN A great deal ofintelligence can be invested in ignorance when the need for illusion is deep

- SAUL BELLOW

I

94 Sea Breezes -

JDhn G eni

Spanish shipbreakers havc bought the Portuguese incr Quanz

COlliIENTARl

Portuguese Veterans tor the Breakers

lJy TIlERDlTon

IN tllese modern times when ugly ships with equally ugly-sounding names sean to be the order of the day it is the more saddening to see some of

the handsome vttcmns of callier days quietly sliding away to shipbrC3Kcn Two recent disposals which fall into this Qlegory bOlh flew the Portuguese flag wcre both owned by the Companhia Nacional de Navegacno of Lisbon lind although they were quire different types Were both fine-looking ships in their respective ciassS

Doth these ships the twin-screw plssenger liner Jlama and Ihe cargo steamer $ofalo have been sold to Spanish shipbralkers at Castellon in II block deal for about pound160000 They were delivered III Castellon last November and demolition work is by now well in band

The two shipt were thc products of German shipyards the QIIIlIla bting slightl) the younger vessel A triple-cxpmsion-engincd steamer of 6403 gross tons she was built in 1929 by the famous HamurA yard of Blohm Dnd Voss

~ Fl Q l- _-gt1_~~fgt

t

JJP~--shy

nary 1969

and Wl5 originllJy named P(1Tugal Thill name h)~cr wus changed to Quanza bfon she entered service

Desisned for her owners run from Porlugal 10 West Inti r~$l Afriro she had lIccommodation for oS tOUri5t-class passengers nnd no in wh1I was I~nown ns supplementary third-class A distinguishinG feature when lgth~ enme OUt was her cruiser stern the first in p Purtuguese liner and lilt bad a nicely balanced appearance Her rin ampcrews powered by 110 triplcmiddote~pOlIlMolI cligints gave a speed of J kIlOf~

The Soala (1l~S7 gross tOilS) matlc her lppearan~t in 1921 IS lhe Aller of the Norddcutseher Lloyd Bremen hlving blCn built by the Bnmer Vulkm lIrd al Vegesuk A typienl German Clfg IIn~ of hr tilll- her four 11111 mastS and single funnel gave her an imptCSllVC ulmOltI Mlltly afllllInllICC md her deadweight capacity of t2145 ton~ big for Ihl1lC timOi muJc lIer II useful cargo cnrrier Qundruple-iXpansion maehin~TY lmlIl t in)lc I nV IIvc her D speed of 13 knots A siSler ship from Ihe sam~ 11IflVllrJ Wl~ Ihe MtllIl

Under Norddeulscher Lloyd ownership III III 11 llIfllytIl on the companys AustrJlilIn ilnd Fnr EaliICI1I lltttIImiddotl~ allil 11 -IIIImiddotU In be so employed until the Second World Wu IlulllWllhl 1~III11 1111 luslrlilI when war 3$ declared she put nltgt lIh wi middotmiddot Imiddot n 1llIUItI IIl11il taken over by the Companhill Nacion31 UI Nlll~ 0 II II) 1 tlltl rCllnwoI Soala

Since Ihen she hai been lrtllinS f(Illlarly 1 -wmiddot11 lrtll)tJI 1111 WClI Africl bUI now her emer of oler 40 I~r j 1IIImiddotI~1 1111 ~h hl rlIIud her wtly 10 CaneUon fOr demolition Thcltc ~11Il willi It III uklill1n t Glviu their owners efficienr service over u 1 - I lum fIII) luoket likbullmilS and it i~ II pity that from Ihe JlQIIll I W 111l(~lrlllI there I~ linle ~Oming along to replace them

i

bullbull ulima

Portuguese $teJmer Sofala h being hroken IIJI 11 (IIII1U

-

ezCS

IOding names J see sornl of shipbreakcrs

ne Portuguese ao of Lisbon Oklng ships ill

and the CIIrgo lion in 1 block November nnd

e Quanza being r of 6403 gross nohm lind Voss

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

78 Sunday Herald Sun Odober 12 2008

_--------------shy

~WHEN MYTHS TAKE ON LIFE

OFTHEIR OWN A great deal ofintelligence can be invested in ignorance when the need for illusion is deep

- SAUL BELLOW

I

94 Sea Breezes -

JDhn G eni

Spanish shipbreakers havc bought the Portuguese incr Quanz

COlliIENTARl

Portuguese Veterans tor the Breakers

lJy TIlERDlTon

IN tllese modern times when ugly ships with equally ugly-sounding names sean to be the order of the day it is the more saddening to see some of

the handsome vttcmns of callier days quietly sliding away to shipbrC3Kcn Two recent disposals which fall into this Qlegory bOlh flew the Portuguese flag wcre both owned by the Companhia Nacional de Navegacno of Lisbon lind although they were quire different types Were both fine-looking ships in their respective ciassS

Doth these ships the twin-screw plssenger liner Jlama and Ihe cargo steamer $ofalo have been sold to Spanish shipbralkers at Castellon in II block deal for about pound160000 They were delivered III Castellon last November and demolition work is by now well in band

The two shipt were thc products of German shipyards the QIIIlIla bting slightl) the younger vessel A triple-cxpmsion-engincd steamer of 6403 gross tons she was built in 1929 by the famous HamurA yard of Blohm Dnd Voss

~ Fl Q l- _-gt1_~~fgt

t

JJP~--shy

nary 1969

and Wl5 originllJy named P(1Tugal Thill name h)~cr wus changed to Quanza bfon she entered service

Desisned for her owners run from Porlugal 10 West Inti r~$l Afriro she had lIccommodation for oS tOUri5t-class passengers nnd no in wh1I was I~nown ns supplementary third-class A distinguishinG feature when lgth~ enme OUt was her cruiser stern the first in p Purtuguese liner and lilt bad a nicely balanced appearance Her rin ampcrews powered by 110 triplcmiddote~pOlIlMolI cligints gave a speed of J kIlOf~

The Soala (1l~S7 gross tOilS) matlc her lppearan~t in 1921 IS lhe Aller of the Norddcutseher Lloyd Bremen hlving blCn built by the Bnmer Vulkm lIrd al Vegesuk A typienl German Clfg IIn~ of hr tilll- her four 11111 mastS and single funnel gave her an imptCSllVC ulmOltI Mlltly afllllInllICC md her deadweight capacity of t2145 ton~ big for Ihl1lC timOi muJc lIer II useful cargo cnrrier Qundruple-iXpansion maehin~TY lmlIl t in)lc I nV IIvc her D speed of 13 knots A siSler ship from Ihe sam~ 11IflVllrJ Wl~ Ihe MtllIl

Under Norddeulscher Lloyd ownership III III 11 llIfllytIl on the companys AustrJlilIn ilnd Fnr EaliICI1I lltttIImiddotl~ allil 11 -IIIImiddotU In be so employed until the Second World Wu IlulllWllhl 1~III11 1111 luslrlilI when war 3$ declared she put nltgt lIh wi middotmiddot Imiddot n 1llIUItI IIl11il taken over by the Companhill Nacion31 UI Nlll~ 0 II II) 1 tlltl rCllnwoI Soala

Since Ihen she hai been lrtllinS f(Illlarly 1 -wmiddot11 lrtll)tJI 1111 WClI Africl bUI now her emer of oler 40 I~r j 1IIImiddotI~1 1111 ~h hl rlIIud her wtly 10 CaneUon fOr demolition Thcltc ~11Il willi It III uklill1n t Glviu their owners efficienr service over u 1 - I lum fIII) luoket likbullmilS and it i~ II pity that from Ihe JlQIIll I W 111l(~lrlllI there I~ linle ~Oming along to replace them

i

bullbull ulima

Portuguese $teJmer Sofala h being hroken IIJI 11 (IIII1U

-

ezCS

IOding names J see sornl of shipbreakcrs

ne Portuguese ao of Lisbon Oklng ships ill

and the CIIrgo lion in 1 block November nnd

e Quanza being r of 6403 gross nohm lind Voss

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

I

94 Sea Breezes -

JDhn G eni

Spanish shipbreakers havc bought the Portuguese incr Quanz

COlliIENTARl

Portuguese Veterans tor the Breakers

lJy TIlERDlTon

IN tllese modern times when ugly ships with equally ugly-sounding names sean to be the order of the day it is the more saddening to see some of

the handsome vttcmns of callier days quietly sliding away to shipbrC3Kcn Two recent disposals which fall into this Qlegory bOlh flew the Portuguese flag wcre both owned by the Companhia Nacional de Navegacno of Lisbon lind although they were quire different types Were both fine-looking ships in their respective ciassS

Doth these ships the twin-screw plssenger liner Jlama and Ihe cargo steamer $ofalo have been sold to Spanish shipbralkers at Castellon in II block deal for about pound160000 They were delivered III Castellon last November and demolition work is by now well in band

The two shipt were thc products of German shipyards the QIIIlIla bting slightl) the younger vessel A triple-cxpmsion-engincd steamer of 6403 gross tons she was built in 1929 by the famous HamurA yard of Blohm Dnd Voss

~ Fl Q l- _-gt1_~~fgt

t

JJP~--shy

nary 1969

and Wl5 originllJy named P(1Tugal Thill name h)~cr wus changed to Quanza bfon she entered service

Desisned for her owners run from Porlugal 10 West Inti r~$l Afriro she had lIccommodation for oS tOUri5t-class passengers nnd no in wh1I was I~nown ns supplementary third-class A distinguishinG feature when lgth~ enme OUt was her cruiser stern the first in p Purtuguese liner and lilt bad a nicely balanced appearance Her rin ampcrews powered by 110 triplcmiddote~pOlIlMolI cligints gave a speed of J kIlOf~

The Soala (1l~S7 gross tOilS) matlc her lppearan~t in 1921 IS lhe Aller of the Norddcutseher Lloyd Bremen hlving blCn built by the Bnmer Vulkm lIrd al Vegesuk A typienl German Clfg IIn~ of hr tilll- her four 11111 mastS and single funnel gave her an imptCSllVC ulmOltI Mlltly afllllInllICC md her deadweight capacity of t2145 ton~ big for Ihl1lC timOi muJc lIer II useful cargo cnrrier Qundruple-iXpansion maehin~TY lmlIl t in)lc I nV IIvc her D speed of 13 knots A siSler ship from Ihe sam~ 11IflVllrJ Wl~ Ihe MtllIl

Under Norddeulscher Lloyd ownership III III 11 llIfllytIl on the companys AustrJlilIn ilnd Fnr EaliICI1I lltttIImiddotl~ allil 11 -IIIImiddotU In be so employed until the Second World Wu IlulllWllhl 1~III11 1111 luslrlilI when war 3$ declared she put nltgt lIh wi middotmiddot Imiddot n 1llIUItI IIl11il taken over by the Companhill Nacion31 UI Nlll~ 0 II II) 1 tlltl rCllnwoI Soala

Since Ihen she hai been lrtllinS f(Illlarly 1 -wmiddot11 lrtll)tJI 1111 WClI Africl bUI now her emer of oler 40 I~r j 1IIImiddotI~1 1111 ~h hl rlIIud her wtly 10 CaneUon fOr demolition Thcltc ~11Il willi It III uklill1n t Glviu their owners efficienr service over u 1 - I lum fIII) luoket likbullmilS and it i~ II pity that from Ihe JlQIIll I W 111l(~lrlllI there I~ linle ~Oming along to replace them

i

bullbull ulima

Portuguese $teJmer Sofala h being hroken IIJI 11 (IIII1U

-

ezCS

IOding names J see sornl of shipbreakcrs

ne Portuguese ao of Lisbon Oklng ships ill

and the CIIrgo lion in 1 block November nnd

e Quanza being r of 6403 gross nohm lind Voss

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

94 Sea Breezes -

JDhn G eni

Spanish shipbreakers havc bought the Portuguese incr Quanz

COlliIENTARl

Portuguese Veterans tor the Breakers

lJy TIlERDlTon

IN tllese modern times when ugly ships with equally ugly-sounding names sean to be the order of the day it is the more saddening to see some of

the handsome vttcmns of callier days quietly sliding away to shipbrC3Kcn Two recent disposals which fall into this Qlegory bOlh flew the Portuguese flag wcre both owned by the Companhia Nacional de Navegacno of Lisbon lind although they were quire different types Were both fine-looking ships in their respective ciassS

Doth these ships the twin-screw plssenger liner Jlama and Ihe cargo steamer $ofalo have been sold to Spanish shipbralkers at Castellon in II block deal for about pound160000 They were delivered III Castellon last November and demolition work is by now well in band

The two shipt were thc products of German shipyards the QIIIlIla bting slightl) the younger vessel A triple-cxpmsion-engincd steamer of 6403 gross tons she was built in 1929 by the famous HamurA yard of Blohm Dnd Voss

~ Fl Q l- _-gt1_~~fgt

t

JJP~--shy

nary 1969

and Wl5 originllJy named P(1Tugal Thill name h)~cr wus changed to Quanza bfon she entered service

Desisned for her owners run from Porlugal 10 West Inti r~$l Afriro she had lIccommodation for oS tOUri5t-class passengers nnd no in wh1I was I~nown ns supplementary third-class A distinguishinG feature when lgth~ enme OUt was her cruiser stern the first in p Purtuguese liner and lilt bad a nicely balanced appearance Her rin ampcrews powered by 110 triplcmiddote~pOlIlMolI cligints gave a speed of J kIlOf~

The Soala (1l~S7 gross tOilS) matlc her lppearan~t in 1921 IS lhe Aller of the Norddcutseher Lloyd Bremen hlving blCn built by the Bnmer Vulkm lIrd al Vegesuk A typienl German Clfg IIn~ of hr tilll- her four 11111 mastS and single funnel gave her an imptCSllVC ulmOltI Mlltly afllllInllICC md her deadweight capacity of t2145 ton~ big for Ihl1lC timOi muJc lIer II useful cargo cnrrier Qundruple-iXpansion maehin~TY lmlIl t in)lc I nV IIvc her D speed of 13 knots A siSler ship from Ihe sam~ 11IflVllrJ Wl~ Ihe MtllIl

Under Norddeulscher Lloyd ownership III III 11 llIfllytIl on the companys AustrJlilIn ilnd Fnr EaliICI1I lltttIImiddotl~ allil 11 -IIIImiddotU In be so employed until the Second World Wu IlulllWllhl 1~III11 1111 luslrlilI when war 3$ declared she put nltgt lIh wi middotmiddot Imiddot n 1llIUItI IIl11il taken over by the Companhill Nacion31 UI Nlll~ 0 II II) 1 tlltl rCllnwoI Soala

Since Ihen she hai been lrtllinS f(Illlarly 1 -wmiddot11 lrtll)tJI 1111 WClI Africl bUI now her emer of oler 40 I~r j 1IIImiddotI~1 1111 ~h hl rlIIud her wtly 10 CaneUon fOr demolition Thcltc ~11Il willi It III uklill1n t Glviu their owners efficienr service over u 1 - I lum fIII) luoket likbullmilS and it i~ II pity that from Ihe JlQIIll I W 111l(~lrlllI there I~ linle ~Oming along to replace them

i

bullbull ulima

Portuguese $teJmer Sofala h being hroken IIJI 11 (IIII1U

-

ezCS

IOding names J see sornl of shipbreakcrs

ne Portuguese ao of Lisbon Oklng ships ill

and the CIIrgo lion in 1 block November nnd

e Quanza being r of 6403 gross nohm lind Voss

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

~ Fl Q l- _-gt1_~~fgt

t

JJP~--shy

nary 1969

and Wl5 originllJy named P(1Tugal Thill name h)~cr wus changed to Quanza bfon she entered service

Desisned for her owners run from Porlugal 10 West Inti r~$l Afriro she had lIccommodation for oS tOUri5t-class passengers nnd no in wh1I was I~nown ns supplementary third-class A distinguishinG feature when lgth~ enme OUt was her cruiser stern the first in p Purtuguese liner and lilt bad a nicely balanced appearance Her rin ampcrews powered by 110 triplcmiddote~pOlIlMolI cligints gave a speed of J kIlOf~

The Soala (1l~S7 gross tOilS) matlc her lppearan~t in 1921 IS lhe Aller of the Norddcutseher Lloyd Bremen hlving blCn built by the Bnmer Vulkm lIrd al Vegesuk A typienl German Clfg IIn~ of hr tilll- her four 11111 mastS and single funnel gave her an imptCSllVC ulmOltI Mlltly afllllInllICC md her deadweight capacity of t2145 ton~ big for Ihl1lC timOi muJc lIer II useful cargo cnrrier Qundruple-iXpansion maehin~TY lmlIl t in)lc I nV IIvc her D speed of 13 knots A siSler ship from Ihe sam~ 11IflVllrJ Wl~ Ihe MtllIl

Under Norddeulscher Lloyd ownership III III 11 llIfllytIl on the companys AustrJlilIn ilnd Fnr EaliICI1I lltttIImiddotl~ allil 11 -IIIImiddotU In be so employed until the Second World Wu IlulllWllhl 1~III11 1111 luslrlilI when war 3$ declared she put nltgt lIh wi middotmiddot Imiddot n 1llIUItI IIl11il taken over by the Companhill Nacion31 UI Nlll~ 0 II II) 1 tlltl rCllnwoI Soala

Since Ihen she hai been lrtllinS f(Illlarly 1 -wmiddot11 lrtll)tJI 1111 WClI Africl bUI now her emer of oler 40 I~r j 1IIImiddotI~1 1111 ~h hl rlIIud her wtly 10 CaneUon fOr demolition Thcltc ~11Il willi It III uklill1n t Glviu their owners efficienr service over u 1 - I lum fIII) luoket likbullmilS and it i~ II pity that from Ihe JlQIIll I W 111l(~lrlllI there I~ linle ~Oming along to replace them

i

bullbull ulima

Portuguese $teJmer Sofala h being hroken IIJI 11 (IIII1U

-

ezCS

IOding names J see sornl of shipbreakcrs

ne Portuguese ao of Lisbon Oklng ships ill

and the CIIrgo lion in 1 block November nnd

e Quanza being r of 6403 gross nohm lind Voss

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY NAVY HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE CANBERRA ACT 2600

200810050381DGNCCIOUT120081

Dear

Thank you for your letter dated 22 June 2008 to the Minister for Defence Science and Personnel the Hon Mr Warren Snowdon MP The Minister has asked me to respond on his behalf

Navys Sen Power Centre is appreciative of the research efforts made by individuals noting these efforts can often contribute to Navys own research programs

Although the Sea Power Centre is not in a position to endorse any theories into the loss of HMAS Sydney II this should not discourage you from having your theories being considered by the Commission of Inquiry (COl)

As you may be aware the Commission of Inquiry into the Joss ofHMAS Sydney 11 is an independent inquiry that was commission by the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Air Chief Marshal AG Houston AC AFC Further information regarding the progress of the inquiry can be found at httpwwwdefencegovausvdneyii

Thank you for bring this matter to the attention of the Minister

RMO HAWKE Captain RAN Director General Navy Communication and Coordination

RL-4-C074 Tel (02) 6265 7320

July 2008

-------- ---

Schedule nUll1bef lor his task

OS 2 192shyAustralian GOCmmenl

Dfpanmrnl or Ddrnct

Ministerial Tasking Sheet

Ministerial Representation Ministerial Submission Prepare reply for o For approvalo Minister o For noting NAVY HEADQUARTERSo Chief of Staff o Supplementary advice ________ U Adviser - __ o Event or visit brief o Referral to ----T-~~__-----~-J o Speech o Standard response ----~~JFIl~ILshy o Meeting brief ~ For departmental action L~~~g~__ LJ Ministerial talking points (DGPA clearancs requited) o For Information only o MS Word document required

~J Media release (DGPA clearance required)

o MS Word document required

- 0 For email advice only to ________ (cc 10 DMPLS M1NDSP)

~---shy

Directorate of Ministerial and Parliamentary Liaison Services (OMPLS) directions

For action by s2ICJC~lt-_______ Date received ~6 Type _____

Originator Sponsor -------71----- shySubject ~~ ~~G ~yI---------shy

This tasking has been copied to ______________________

Other instructions _

DMPlS Tasking Officer ~eathi9l cX51163 or email DMPlS MINDSP (Please can ifyou requiIe any assistance)

Previous related papers are on (ScheduleIFUe) _ __ with ____ ___with ____

ASSISTANCE FOR YOU

httpintranetdefencegovauoscdfwebsitesfdmpls Contact the tasking officer Immediately If you think this has been incorrecUy tasked to you

Contact the tasking officer Immediately if you are unable to meet the due date above Assistance can also be obtained from your Group Coordinator _ Telephone _____

The task is due to your Group Coordinator on

_-- ----------------------------- shy

----------

c

--_~ltb b ooEmiddot -shy

COecJ sirf ---_~____=- -____

L

--- --_

-

I bull

I

~egt-L~ ~Cgtbullbull --~~

l_

-- shy

I

Mcssageries Maritimes Page 4 - Ocean Liner Postcards Page 2 of9

-- Skaugull1 (19-) MM issued an official postcard of SHBugum SIrougum had been launched in 1940 as the fast cargo linet Ostmarff for HAPAG She was laid up Incomplete through tho war and taken by the Blltish in 1945 as a war prize_In 1948 she was sold by Lhe Brititih Ministry ofTransport to IMSkaugen who had her rebuilt as an emigrant carrier by her builders in Kial Skaugurn was compleled in April 1949 and entered service between genoa and Australia Mcssagerics MallUmes acted as agents in Australia and maybe elsdwhcrc and Issuod an offIcial postcard of Skaugum She was also used fOI french trooping duties to Indo-China maybe under MM management Neither really (ucplains the issue of the postcard and the MM histories I have seen do flot menOon her In 1957 Skaugum was rebuilt as fl pure cargo ship and was sold in 1964 as Ihe Ocean Builder 01 Ocoan Shipping amp Entcrpises (Monrovia) She was broken up in 1972

Damel Baccafa writeS Skaugum was chartered (Of MM about 1948152 as trooper for Indochlne This postcard is very rare

ReF eDel6troz writes I have Just discovered your site and can add a few words to the Skaugum story for what they are wortlll I worked with Messageries Maritimes In Sydney from 1955 to 1960 SJdney was then the General Office for Australia and tile Soutl) Pacific The company was acting as agent for the Skaugum and her sister ship the Skaubryn which as you know sank in the Indian Ocean aftera fire in the engine room Both sMps made several trips during this period bringing migrants from Europe If you check httppersowanadoofrldominlquepageswobslcoreelcorechtmyouwll also note that the Skaugum was used to tranport French troops during the Korean war

Pierre Blasi wrltes-I remember with certainty that the Skaugum repatriated French soldiels wilo had been prisoners of war In Indo-China (Vietnam) [0 Marseilles around 1954

Otricial MM I)oslcard of Skaugum The itCI has Just boatded lhe ship in Marseillo on GlIl February 1954

httpwmiddotwwsimplonpccoukMM4html 190512008

--- --_

-

I bull

I

~egt-L~ ~Cgtbullbull --~~

l_

-- shy

I

Mcssageries Maritimes Page 4 - Ocean Liner Postcards Page 2 of9

-- Skaugull1 (19-) MM issued an official postcard of SHBugum SIrougum had been launched in 1940 as the fast cargo linet Ostmarff for HAPAG She was laid up Incomplete through tho war and taken by the Blltish in 1945 as a war prize_In 1948 she was sold by Lhe Brititih Ministry ofTransport to IMSkaugen who had her rebuilt as an emigrant carrier by her builders in Kial Skaugurn was compleled in April 1949 and entered service between genoa and Australia Mcssagerics MallUmes acted as agents in Australia and maybe elsdwhcrc and Issuod an offIcial postcard of Skaugum She was also used fOI french trooping duties to Indo-China maybe under MM management Neither really (ucplains the issue of the postcard and the MM histories I have seen do flot menOon her In 1957 Skaugum was rebuilt as fl pure cargo ship and was sold in 1964 as Ihe Ocean Builder 01 Ocoan Shipping amp Entcrpises (Monrovia) She was broken up in 1972

Damel Baccafa writeS Skaugum was chartered (Of MM about 1948152 as trooper for Indochlne This postcard is very rare

ReF eDel6troz writes I have Just discovered your site and can add a few words to the Skaugum story for what they are wortlll I worked with Messageries Maritimes In Sydney from 1955 to 1960 SJdney was then the General Office for Australia and tile Soutl) Pacific The company was acting as agent for the Skaugum and her sister ship the Skaubryn which as you know sank in the Indian Ocean aftera fire in the engine room Both sMps made several trips during this period bringing migrants from Europe If you check httppersowanadoofrldominlquepageswobslcoreelcorechtmyouwll also note that the Skaugum was used to tranport French troops during the Korean war

Pierre Blasi wrltes-I remember with certainty that the Skaugum repatriated French soldiels wilo had been prisoners of war In Indo-China (Vietnam) [0 Marseilles around 1954

Otricial MM I)oslcard of Skaugum The itCI has Just boatded lhe ship in Marseillo on GlIl February 1954

httpwmiddotwwsimplonpccoukMM4html 190512008

-

I bull

I

~egt-L~ ~Cgtbullbull --~~

l_

-- shy

I

Mcssageries Maritimes Page 4 - Ocean Liner Postcards Page 2 of9

-- Skaugull1 (19-) MM issued an official postcard of SHBugum SIrougum had been launched in 1940 as the fast cargo linet Ostmarff for HAPAG She was laid up Incomplete through tho war and taken by the Blltish in 1945 as a war prize_In 1948 she was sold by Lhe Brititih Ministry ofTransport to IMSkaugen who had her rebuilt as an emigrant carrier by her builders in Kial Skaugurn was compleled in April 1949 and entered service between genoa and Australia Mcssagerics MallUmes acted as agents in Australia and maybe elsdwhcrc and Issuod an offIcial postcard of Skaugum She was also used fOI french trooping duties to Indo-China maybe under MM management Neither really (ucplains the issue of the postcard and the MM histories I have seen do flot menOon her In 1957 Skaugum was rebuilt as fl pure cargo ship and was sold in 1964 as Ihe Ocean Builder 01 Ocoan Shipping amp Entcrpises (Monrovia) She was broken up in 1972

Damel Baccafa writeS Skaugum was chartered (Of MM about 1948152 as trooper for Indochlne This postcard is very rare

ReF eDel6troz writes I have Just discovered your site and can add a few words to the Skaugum story for what they are wortlll I worked with Messageries Maritimes In Sydney from 1955 to 1960 SJdney was then the General Office for Australia and tile Soutl) Pacific The company was acting as agent for the Skaugum and her sister ship the Skaubryn which as you know sank in the Indian Ocean aftera fire in the engine room Both sMps made several trips during this period bringing migrants from Europe If you check httppersowanadoofrldominlquepageswobslcoreelcorechtmyouwll also note that the Skaugum was used to tranport French troops during the Korean war

Pierre Blasi wrltes-I remember with certainty that the Skaugum repatriated French soldiels wilo had been prisoners of war In Indo-China (Vietnam) [0 Marseilles around 1954

Otricial MM I)oslcard of Skaugum The itCI has Just boatded lhe ship in Marseillo on GlIl February 1954

httpwmiddotwwsimplonpccoukMM4html 190512008

I

Mcssageries Maritimes Page 4 - Ocean Liner Postcards Page 2 of9

-- Skaugull1 (19-) MM issued an official postcard of SHBugum SIrougum had been launched in 1940 as the fast cargo linet Ostmarff for HAPAG She was laid up Incomplete through tho war and taken by the Blltish in 1945 as a war prize_In 1948 she was sold by Lhe Brititih Ministry ofTransport to IMSkaugen who had her rebuilt as an emigrant carrier by her builders in Kial Skaugurn was compleled in April 1949 and entered service between genoa and Australia Mcssagerics MallUmes acted as agents in Australia and maybe elsdwhcrc and Issuod an offIcial postcard of Skaugum She was also used fOI french trooping duties to Indo-China maybe under MM management Neither really (ucplains the issue of the postcard and the MM histories I have seen do flot menOon her In 1957 Skaugum was rebuilt as fl pure cargo ship and was sold in 1964 as Ihe Ocean Builder 01 Ocoan Shipping amp Entcrpises (Monrovia) She was broken up in 1972

Damel Baccafa writeS Skaugum was chartered (Of MM about 1948152 as trooper for Indochlne This postcard is very rare

ReF eDel6troz writes I have Just discovered your site and can add a few words to the Skaugum story for what they are wortlll I worked with Messageries Maritimes In Sydney from 1955 to 1960 SJdney was then the General Office for Australia and tile Soutl) Pacific The company was acting as agent for the Skaugum and her sister ship the Skaubryn which as you know sank in the Indian Ocean aftera fire in the engine room Both sMps made several trips during this period bringing migrants from Europe If you check httppersowanadoofrldominlquepageswobslcoreelcorechtmyouwll also note that the Skaugum was used to tranport French troops during the Korean war

Pierre Blasi wrltes-I remember with certainty that the Skaugum repatriated French soldiels wilo had been prisoners of war In Indo-China (Vietnam) [0 Marseilles around 1954

Otricial MM I)oslcard of Skaugum The itCI has Just boatded lhe ship in Marseillo on GlIl February 1954

httpwmiddotwwsimplonpccoukMM4html 190512008

s-o~

-~

n(Ung in hvo of Ihe Svviss m s U Nj (Hl tI

an lIhUSII salvage jolt

In nOClll)(IJ958t job ofgt~ in hmiddotIeHing (hmlller Wlllgt Cltriyicll QUI by ourlugs Simson lIlu

lt

llrcfOrOII1J ((1 Il-itish IUfS Ih( GCU(lt V strul BclCnllsh 1 his was the snlvngc 8nd fhe culling ill Imllol jh~ Swiss mohJlship N)(m 495(1 tOilS trO~i whrch cnr agruund in II ItIlSC fog off ~l Abb~ Ill-at Scolltnd and bottom WIS bauly Ilummiddottufcd Aftlmps to rcnoat the vessel by th (lsualucfhou huving pro(d IInsIH(C~srul it Wlli deliu fosavc tilt uf(tr )urt which cmHainu filtmiddot mnin mcl auililllY IIllldlincl)

bull --~ The ms Nyun ngroum] in novcmber 198J i ~ shy

J hl Cll 1HII~i(1I mallelny sir-nab alii) lJslltrl1 fUl lug nssi~fH1CC (lIllgtltllrclay lIJnmlicr Ill I (S lilt fRU British luggt werr ~11 0111 011 IIw J)lacc of distrcss Lilli the nmster (If the till I 11 h- the) needed IUI MlhSlg( cquiltnllll aud nCCclltcd our wrvccs on L1oyos Olen ( I III ~J=nlg( A~rccm(nt OUI 1IIr cimson lIld I rCCHlI ((tnirllId wHh h~l) rllllnls (Ii Imiddot t err procccdill~ unci llslI 1 II snhnr 1Ipcclolmiddots were flYHlg Ollt to r dlllhu1~h

151122007hnpllyrwwzecslccpvanrtcomnyoncnghtm

The Simsoll en Heclor were proceeding to the Nyoll

Aner Irivl1 the tllRS stlllled ilUlllcdilH~ly (0 1111 lIfl I snlllrc (Julpmrlll 10 tilt Iynn- Both tOllllcclcu nlld cnlnmcflccd fowing bill fill Non did 11(1 rtllnC

Thl ship U~ Cf) hadl) Icnlltill~ and milch IJUlI )lUlllp Wll- needed Multmiddot JUIl11S holtlc~ (If oyglll l1ud ofgn~ lHlllling equipOIenf fwd sfcdrJHIIi ~1( l11JlIght (Ill llUIItllhl N~tI1 Ou men Iriel to close ihe holtS 1raquo Iuttjn~ ccnll (un of cement ill1hc bilges at 10 (idl bllt this

( WIIS J~n cI(SHO~cd by the Hitldng oftl1l N)on Tile holch I II 111(1 HI e HdII 1 IIIHlOlpl ere tHd iuto uion Iut wi(huUl lnl (free fn the opinion r ull mhurs It was IInJln~sibc to sa th hlllt ship arh ridr SIS ~~Hlsjlll~ wca( uclcrinrlfiun (I) hel lIIUClUl ~fnd 1J1t1e~_s Irml1Jlt t(11S Clt inltl-n III ~C cr Ille hUlhll~ Hftcqmr( frulll itt fIIClU( fhl hillt -ould soon 1)(( (lfIle II lulul ios (ru lIuvetnbll 151 all OUI Hm COllllllcnCCll to move unci nlnlc fust 011 he nl1rrplulf Ihtgt ~yun nil rmIlIJl~ blrn~ 01 (lil ~a flOm he rtnCpart he) ()lHm~lwcd r 10 dilmltlllic fl1tl T(mOi 111 Jlunbk (nllwllenls uch liS (he gill (onlpnS (II lIutcHtHllu litul [dlo ~(llI11ltl Ilhu lHI lie lOlllS md ire lttC_ etc The Iii-sf il[leIOOI1 Wi (0 icld Ihe hllth lJridlc bCHnn an(IIIiffru tlH dctphlnlt hulllhcal UlCl

tilt fnnl tOfl AJ 10 title if as ll(llIibll 1(1 gill ncec~s HI frU1UImiddotCl III the u(cp tnnl which WlfI

cldcc1 uul It HlI lillie timl ilh etc InhlicHNI fOl ccmcul boxes FllIInc cuHilig RJ

ollHmnced when all faf gild Hit till~ lending f)UIIl the WlUiel fu tilt Iugh 10001 lll lIf IIlld wood plugged Ollt Iwtf of fl lunlt(1 HIS wdrkd firif I Itl tllnnel then lUlled fret ot wuhgt anfllhc liccllnd ftcliolf fhllc filtcd nud clrJet

I)ufing i he II1IJ1nin~ of uocmbct 2-1 d 1hc butuclgt stlltlcd uBing (he hull 011 both sitlps AftcI some hOll1s 1hc sidci of nn huH hlld 11(cn Cllt dghl C()r~

Afiel this lin tug Ihe h (i Brilisl tuJs (ll)lgc VlJnntl Uclmis wct COlluClcd by WijsllluJh~I (() lssist fhe IfSimionUtu Hcr1tw bull mmIt fllst un the ~ftcllltrl lUd huUu WWln~ III full pOWj~I sllCcwing mm prHt to $t~IhClnrd llS much 18 pOlsihtc in HI

Cnd~Ilfnll 10 frntul fhe bnlhHIl plath hut middotullolJl success IXlcctntiolls Ihat Ihe IilC IHld f1Jl If (be (CffJ h1l1f wah fhe litle HmlltJ flIIIItI( thl Sccl pluh al~() (liu nit IImtcriulisc A 11m tide the cUf of)cld 10 2~ feCI un lIn drd mHl I Ii ICt down the rjtC A~ if IfJrH~ar(d thai in thc cllm Iather c(ndillOlls prevailing It wuult be a hmg tiilH even with the effOl of the tugs blful ( he hotlom piatts IllHCcd nt the cuts it WliS delicier ro ohhlin tigh( Imiddotxpltlsivcs 01 flOPlllhfI2S(h Ch( lilst of (~ Illosh 1$ llluJ lIunet 1( Itm I id IIIU t~ plclllmiddotU vlol( Imciwts (I

151122001httpwwwmiddottCfsleepvaartcomnyol1englnf

-~

n(Ung in hvo of Ihe Svviss m s U Nj (Hl tI

an lIhUSII salvage jolt

In nOClll)(IJ958t job ofgt~ in hmiddotIeHing (hmlller Wlllgt Cltriyicll QUI by ourlugs Simson lIlu

lt

llrcfOrOII1J ((1 Il-itish IUfS Ih( GCU(lt V strul BclCnllsh 1 his was the snlvngc 8nd fhe culling ill Imllol jh~ Swiss mohJlship N)(m 495(1 tOilS trO~i whrch cnr agruund in II ItIlSC fog off ~l Abb~ Ill-at Scolltnd and bottom WIS bauly Ilummiddottufcd Aftlmps to rcnoat the vessel by th (lsualucfhou huving pro(d IInsIH(C~srul it Wlli deliu fosavc tilt uf(tr )urt which cmHainu filtmiddot mnin mcl auililllY IIllldlincl)

bull --~ The ms Nyun ngroum] in novcmber 198J i ~ shy

J hl Cll 1HII~i(1I mallelny sir-nab alii) lJslltrl1 fUl lug nssi~fH1CC (lIllgtltllrclay lIJnmlicr Ill I (S lilt fRU British luggt werr ~11 0111 011 IIw J)lacc of distrcss Lilli the nmster (If the till I 11 h- the) needed IUI MlhSlg( cquiltnllll aud nCCclltcd our wrvccs on L1oyos Olen ( I III ~J=nlg( A~rccm(nt OUI 1IIr cimson lIld I rCCHlI ((tnirllId wHh h~l) rllllnls (Ii Imiddot t err procccdill~ unci llslI 1 II snhnr 1Ipcclolmiddots were flYHlg Ollt to r dlllhu1~h

151122007hnpllyrwwzecslccpvanrtcomnyoncnghtm

The Simsoll en Heclor were proceeding to the Nyoll

Aner Irivl1 the tllRS stlllled ilUlllcdilH~ly (0 1111 lIfl I snlllrc (Julpmrlll 10 tilt Iynn- Both tOllllcclcu nlld cnlnmcflccd fowing bill fill Non did 11(1 rtllnC

Thl ship U~ Cf) hadl) Icnlltill~ and milch IJUlI )lUlllp Wll- needed Multmiddot JUIl11S holtlc~ (If oyglll l1ud ofgn~ lHlllling equipOIenf fwd sfcdrJHIIi ~1( l11JlIght (Ill llUIItllhl N~tI1 Ou men Iriel to close ihe holtS 1raquo Iuttjn~ ccnll (un of cement ill1hc bilges at 10 (idl bllt this

( WIIS J~n cI(SHO~cd by the Hitldng oftl1l N)on Tile holch I II 111(1 HI e HdII 1 IIIHlOlpl ere tHd iuto uion Iut wi(huUl lnl (free fn the opinion r ull mhurs It was IInJln~sibc to sa th hlllt ship arh ridr SIS ~~Hlsjlll~ wca( uclcrinrlfiun (I) hel lIIUClUl ~fnd 1J1t1e~_s Irml1Jlt t(11S Clt inltl-n III ~C cr Ille hUlhll~ Hftcqmr( frulll itt fIIClU( fhl hillt -ould soon 1)(( (lfIle II lulul ios (ru lIuvetnbll 151 all OUI Hm COllllllcnCCll to move unci nlnlc fust 011 he nl1rrplulf Ihtgt ~yun nil rmIlIJl~ blrn~ 01 (lil ~a flOm he rtnCpart he) ()lHm~lwcd r 10 dilmltlllic fl1tl T(mOi 111 Jlunbk (nllwllenls uch liS (he gill (onlpnS (II lIutcHtHllu litul [dlo ~(llI11ltl Ilhu lHI lie lOlllS md ire lttC_ etc The Iii-sf il[leIOOI1 Wi (0 icld Ihe hllth lJridlc bCHnn an(IIIiffru tlH dctphlnlt hulllhcal UlCl

tilt fnnl tOfl AJ 10 title if as ll(llIibll 1(1 gill ncec~s HI frU1UImiddotCl III the u(cp tnnl which WlfI

cldcc1 uul It HlI lillie timl ilh etc InhlicHNI fOl ccmcul boxes FllIInc cuHilig RJ

ollHmnced when all faf gild Hit till~ lending f)UIIl the WlUiel fu tilt Iugh 10001 lll lIf IIlld wood plugged Ollt Iwtf of fl lunlt(1 HIS wdrkd firif I Itl tllnnel then lUlled fret ot wuhgt anfllhc liccllnd ftcliolf fhllc filtcd nud clrJet

I)ufing i he II1IJ1nin~ of uocmbct 2-1 d 1hc butuclgt stlltlcd uBing (he hull 011 both sitlps AftcI some hOll1s 1hc sidci of nn huH hlld 11(cn Cllt dghl C()r~

Afiel this lin tug Ihe h (i Brilisl tuJs (ll)lgc VlJnntl Uclmis wct COlluClcd by WijsllluJh~I (() lssist fhe IfSimionUtu Hcr1tw bull mmIt fllst un the ~ftcllltrl lUd huUu WWln~ III full pOWj~I sllCcwing mm prHt to $t~IhClnrd llS much 18 pOlsihtc in HI

Cnd~Ilfnll 10 frntul fhe bnlhHIl plath hut middotullolJl success IXlcctntiolls Ihat Ihe IilC IHld f1Jl If (be (CffJ h1l1f wah fhe litle HmlltJ flIIIItI( thl Sccl pluh al~() (liu nit IImtcriulisc A 11m tide the cUf of)cld 10 2~ feCI un lIn drd mHl I Ii ICt down the rjtC A~ if IfJrH~ar(d thai in thc cllm Iather c(ndillOlls prevailing It wuult be a hmg tiilH even with the effOl of the tugs blful ( he hotlom piatts IllHCcd nt the cuts it WliS delicier ro ohhlin tigh( Imiddotxpltlsivcs 01 flOPlllhfI2S(h Ch( lilst of (~ Illosh 1$ llluJ lIunet 1( Itm I id IIIU t~ plclllmiddotU vlol( Imciwts (I

151122001httpwwwmiddottCfsleepvaartcomnyol1englnf

The Simsoll en Heclor were proceeding to the Nyoll

Aner Irivl1 the tllRS stlllled ilUlllcdilH~ly (0 1111 lIfl I snlllrc (Julpmrlll 10 tilt Iynn- Both tOllllcclcu nlld cnlnmcflccd fowing bill fill Non did 11(1 rtllnC

Thl ship U~ Cf) hadl) Icnlltill~ and milch IJUlI )lUlllp Wll- needed Multmiddot JUIl11S holtlc~ (If oyglll l1ud ofgn~ lHlllling equipOIenf fwd sfcdrJHIIi ~1( l11JlIght (Ill llUIItllhl N~tI1 Ou men Iriel to close ihe holtS 1raquo Iuttjn~ ccnll (un of cement ill1hc bilges at 10 (idl bllt this

( WIIS J~n cI(SHO~cd by the Hitldng oftl1l N)on Tile holch I II 111(1 HI e HdII 1 IIIHlOlpl ere tHd iuto uion Iut wi(huUl lnl (free fn the opinion r ull mhurs It was IInJln~sibc to sa th hlllt ship arh ridr SIS ~~Hlsjlll~ wca( uclcrinrlfiun (I) hel lIIUClUl ~fnd 1J1t1e~_s Irml1Jlt t(11S Clt inltl-n III ~C cr Ille hUlhll~ Hftcqmr( frulll itt fIIClU( fhl hillt -ould soon 1)(( (lfIle II lulul ios (ru lIuvetnbll 151 all OUI Hm COllllllcnCCll to move unci nlnlc fust 011 he nl1rrplulf Ihtgt ~yun nil rmIlIJl~ blrn~ 01 (lil ~a flOm he rtnCpart he) ()lHm~lwcd r 10 dilmltlllic fl1tl T(mOi 111 Jlunbk (nllwllenls uch liS (he gill (onlpnS (II lIutcHtHllu litul [dlo ~(llI11ltl Ilhu lHI lie lOlllS md ire lttC_ etc The Iii-sf il[leIOOI1 Wi (0 icld Ihe hllth lJridlc bCHnn an(IIIiffru tlH dctphlnlt hulllhcal UlCl

tilt fnnl tOfl AJ 10 title if as ll(llIibll 1(1 gill ncec~s HI frU1UImiddotCl III the u(cp tnnl which WlfI

cldcc1 uul It HlI lillie timl ilh etc InhlicHNI fOl ccmcul boxes FllIInc cuHilig RJ

ollHmnced when all faf gild Hit till~ lending f)UIIl the WlUiel fu tilt Iugh 10001 lll lIf IIlld wood plugged Ollt Iwtf of fl lunlt(1 HIS wdrkd firif I Itl tllnnel then lUlled fret ot wuhgt anfllhc liccllnd ftcliolf fhllc filtcd nud clrJet

I)ufing i he II1IJ1nin~ of uocmbct 2-1 d 1hc butuclgt stlltlcd uBing (he hull 011 both sitlps AftcI some hOll1s 1hc sidci of nn huH hlld 11(cn Cllt dghl C()r~

Afiel this lin tug Ihe h (i Brilisl tuJs (ll)lgc VlJnntl Uclmis wct COlluClcd by WijsllluJh~I (() lssist fhe IfSimionUtu Hcr1tw bull mmIt fllst un the ~ftcllltrl lUd huUu WWln~ III full pOWj~I sllCcwing mm prHt to $t~IhClnrd llS much 18 pOlsihtc in HI

Cnd~Ilfnll 10 frntul fhe bnlhHIl plath hut middotullolJl success IXlcctntiolls Ihat Ihe IilC IHld f1Jl If (be (CffJ h1l1f wah fhe litle HmlltJ flIIIItI( thl Sccl pluh al~() (liu nit IImtcriulisc A 11m tide the cUf of)cld 10 2~ feCI un lIn drd mHl I Ii ICt down the rjtC A~ if IfJrH~ar(d thai in thc cllm Iather c(ndillOlls prevailing It wuult be a hmg tiilH even with the effOl of the tugs blful ( he hotlom piatts IllHCcd nt the cuts it WliS delicier ro ohhlin tigh( Imiddotxpltlsivcs 01 flOPlllhfI2S(h Ch( lilst of (~ Illosh 1$ llluJ lIunet 1( Itm I id IIIU t~ plclllmiddotU vlol( Imciwts (I

151122001httpwwwmiddottCfsleepvaartcomnyol1englnf

JIottl hile chc tugs cmiddotte conilnulIlI) frst 10 the 1la lllU ~1Itll((Pf on tUf~int 1 he lllllJlll 1)111inl liIIltcld Furflllr ~I~t~ or ipJ(~icS wrrc pllld and tJlloucd With (h( llin~~ liM un nuclIlh 2711L tilt lIftClpuli ~tlrkd mlting

AJlIIIJo wcrt now mtlered 10 pull 31 fuB po Ir anti shelr 10 starhonrtIu5 much t~ pusiihle Tlis cllI~ed the lIncrpllrl lO (~nlU lt1) thnul 10 llcRrcr~ to pm1 of lhe forellIt The tugs licpt pulling lUcl ~hcrmg ll11tl wilh light swell lhe lkqulI( wn~ lhdy so much thNI rtlc 1inrhmll side opened antI Ihcarter-parl lnmc f-cc The tugs pulled the tUcrpa1 slim ly Hnd carcfully IIWIY fnlln tht Iotst into decpc wlitl ~llU ound St Abos Head ill ntder II iJllIl( (omslt umd flu Truc The lfhrpari of the Noll wm uot lenldug llnd the sfahiitr and blloYllncy WC1C an Jight On noember 28th the loW

urrhcd 1 Smhs Uodlt)urd North hiclds Some dilY Iltlter til fOlc(mrc (II (hc tlNyou ti flilly d~troycd hy H hcav rllh t Ou saturday IImember 291h tile Sil1lson~lItlIIHccllll wcut b~id( III Yllluicicu after two celts hnrd wurlting under tliffilmiddotuld circumshlUCCs Ibe CICW

cncIIlur clemcll fhil uunsuul tnhar tbull JOIl

Aftl the sU((rsstuh ulVllgc of thl nitCIp~H1 the OWlicrs (If the Nyun uccidcfl 10 complcd che ship nnd hmnlhcncd 1hc tlln i1h 5lt )IIdl The conllnet fnttlllt CC(H1Souclion ~)r the N~(ln H~ wumiddotdmiddottl10 thr lllltCb YUIO NV UOtle hilyJfI al n(llncs l1ld Iw t11 middle til Ilb the ship mile her 1ImiddotHII-

511212001 nhpIwwwmiddotrefsecpVa8r1coll1nyo cnghtp1

~ ~~-~-a shy

1

--II

The new forepart being launched

The two halves being put together in a floating drydock at NV Boelcs Shipyards Bolnes

llw lcllcwd Nyon which had so mll(h enre ~lnd 1middot)rHImiddotlatioll WH~1I1 ulllltted 1 lOIlg Ul 011 jlllll L~fll ttJ(l) at her oya~( from AII(WCrpCIl 10 lontlcill (Cnn) Iht ship WllS rCtislJld aftr I ulliillil inl nense fog wilh (11( Indilll IUS Jthmul It fh mile or Ucachy Hmul (fiIlf)

httpwwwzceslcepvaartcomnyonenghtln 151212007

~ ~~-~-a shy

1

--II

The new forepart being launched

The two halves being put together in a floating drydock at NV Boelcs Shipyards Bolnes

llw lcllcwd Nyon which had so mll(h enre ~lnd 1middot)rHImiddotlatioll WH~1I1 ulllltted 1 lOIlg Ul 011 jlllll L~fll ttJ(l) at her oya~( from AII(WCrpCIl 10 lontlcill (Cnn) Iht ship WllS rCtislJld aftr I ulliillil inl nense fog wilh (11( Indilll IUS Jthmul It fh mile or Ucachy Hmul (fiIlf)

httpwwwzceslcepvaartcomnyonenghtln 151212007

c

des(tlptioilS of all the persons-Qoncernect ~v lI11C UVYCJ1UllClltl lIC1CJJllVUtU Lne be written on the back and il-~he certifishy fort at[~ueenscliff and gsked-it to cate be found in the possession of anyone signal Fort Nepean With flags

1else the illegal owner shall be Unpressed I

immediately The official seal of the Fort Nepean r~ceived th~ message l

o The captured German steamer Pfalz later renamed Boorara and used by the Australidns

Admiralty and signature of commission- and in tum signalled to the Pial to ers were added and on payment of five heave to or be sunk The directive vas ChHltlllfr 4-1-n r ~ nnc- (ltIrn~ fn f) bull __ ____ ~_____1 ___ t1

1-middot _ Lr GBULOITG ADVlP-middot3llR

~

1704 WEDNESDAY MARCH 26 1980 44 PAGES - 12c shy

IS salvo made historyo

o bull o

bull Clonel _Joh Purdue in milllar

regalia

crll burnt out 3eenl limes The 10l e~cthlC III traele life 1hlch SWtlll ClpllSllnd hi lllll

Colonel Purdue Jlllnccl Ihe IIrmr in 19l2 lind aner Ihe hlslorlc nrlll or the nnt shot nrred OlfSen fOf tour reau bull

He 115 m3rnetl 111 rn~13nd III 1918 2nd Teshyturned Iq uttrall in te 1919 herl he was ~la lIoned lit QueenscllfT

He later returned to London 0 tio a tourse un munllfon InlPCcllon at 11 Weolldce Ordlnme ColleRe

He alto Iudled rhe-miSli 21112 mdallurcr at lfelboume UnlCr~lumiddot

At lhe oulbrut lit the sttond world 11middot1f he rcumrd to acth-e senlce IS a colonel 211d on his rllum In I~ ~u placed in clurg or Ihl De- Iulment or Inspedioo or funIlIMt5 trhleh at thal stare had a JIII or bIlut BOOO Colonel Purdue built his home at Anclt5e1 Inno lind WIS rd~d In ODE In the 19~2 hon01l list lie r~Uftd In 1953

He W15 one or Ihe roundI In embers of the AnlClesu -Coif Club Id 5 -n acUe mtmber or Ihe RSt d themiddot linlles11 Llon~ CImiddotJb

He IIU sl$O member ot IhcArmr LodeI nd a lire member ot lilt Unlled Scrric3 tlUtllute

Colonel Purdue cUe died In 10611 nd he Is ~uIYed by a lIOn Isn Ind d_uchter 1lt1 Joan Drown bolh or hom Ihe In lI(elbourne

1t1rrt~~~ri~ ~~f~rmiddot~z- Imiddot ~ ~

~~i~~~ THE MAN who fired the first

salvo to mark Austraias inshyvolvement in the firstlworld war has died Clonel John lurdu ODF if AnthHI dld

hili IIchJelblt1 RepairHll10lt Ic~pltt 01 lIonmiddot drt~ ni~hl a~d 8

JUs Ildnnc lhot WIl flr~d fCm the roil It TI eP~1I (In AUlllst 5 191 IC dlj ar ndcl3rrd Clln~L Qermmj

T~r dcclmtllon had btn rude In Londlln litmiddot 1111 pm on Alleusl ~ (930 am U(ust s In Aus~middot rlllnl

1I~tmiddottr he~ If1 no IIdrt1u~le (ommunlc2middot 1l1 b~I-~en FIlIbnd _nd liUJlnhl It Ihe Ume lnd Ill (1 U 11(11 reeel cd br e Australia II GOltrrl1mcnt unlll 12_311 om

A German ship the rhl Iud Idt Ihe pcrtr I~lbourne at 7JD Illl mornilc and 11~ Cavern cnt oratred Ullt It be laquoIOPDCdTh~re wu no telepllone cnllct betlttn Atf

bourn 111111 Fnrt flrpe~n ~o 1I11Covemment tefemiddot Ioned the fort at QmcclI_clllf 1nd sited It to ~hn1 FMt Ne~n willi nlll[~

fort rtepcAn retehed the mn and In turn

t~ ~UJ~4

sJnallrd In the PhIl to lune to or be sUlik nil dll1etl~e as Ilaquonod lind Colonel Purdill

rho irIS 24 Rt the time wac ordered to nre 1 $I1rt Cl~r the bow or IIle ship u1J1ch h~ dId It 1250 pm

When caplured the Phlllz lIS found to hlle umiddotlilte stores wonh 90000 pounds In Its hold Includln II number or rour-Inch cuns

The Jhlp had sCeral run tllales on deck ready to 13ke the guns

---_ _ _----

By GEOFF DAVIE

It Is believed Ihe PIn11 va~ detlned to IHconll II nlucllllll nlder tn the Padne

(he slut WllCr laler nnamrd tile Boorllf3 bythe Awtrallan COeTnmcn~ and used 10 transll)rl IrMps and hor~ell durhllf Ihe tllr

The run rom fhlell the lhot UU ft~ed IJ no en dlsplar ouUlde Ihe Porlset Omcers Tralnlnc School Colo~L Purdue Il151 bom It CampmDCrdO~n In

107 1890 and JDent most or his chldhDOd at BlUwon Dos Werrlber and Neerfrn bull

He u educaled In Nrerlm Incs n dut of hl~ schlOl In 1902 bull 1IIllt puents IImiddottre rumell lind hid tltlr rlop

-

rshy

des(tlptioilS of all the persons-Qoncernect ~v lI11C UVYCJ1UllClltl lIC1CJJllVUtU Lne be written on the back and il-~he certifishy fort at[~ueenscliff and gsked-it to cate be found in the possession of anyone signal Fort Nepean With flags

1else the illegal owner shall be Unpressed I

immediately The official seal of the Fort Nepean r~ceived th~ message l

o The captured German steamer Pfalz later renamed Boorara and used by the Australidns

Admiralty and signature of commission- and in tum signalled to the Pial to ers were added and on payment of five heave to or be sunk The directive vas ChHltlllfr 4-1-n r ~ nnc- (ltIrn~ fn f) bull __ ____ ~_____1 ___ t1

1-middot _ Lr GBULOITG ADVlP-middot3llR

~

1704 WEDNESDAY MARCH 26 1980 44 PAGES - 12c shy

IS salvo made historyo

o bull o

bull Clonel _Joh Purdue in milllar

regalia

crll burnt out 3eenl limes The 10l e~cthlC III traele life 1hlch SWtlll ClpllSllnd hi lllll

Colonel Purdue Jlllnccl Ihe IIrmr in 19l2 lind aner Ihe hlslorlc nrlll or the nnt shot nrred OlfSen fOf tour reau bull

He 115 m3rnetl 111 rn~13nd III 1918 2nd Teshyturned Iq uttrall in te 1919 herl he was ~la lIoned lit QueenscllfT

He later returned to London 0 tio a tourse un munllfon InlPCcllon at 11 Weolldce Ordlnme ColleRe

He alto Iudled rhe-miSli 21112 mdallurcr at lfelboume UnlCr~lumiddot

At lhe oulbrut lit the sttond world 11middot1f he rcumrd to acth-e senlce IS a colonel 211d on his rllum In I~ ~u placed in clurg or Ihl De- Iulment or Inspedioo or funIlIMt5 trhleh at thal stare had a JIII or bIlut BOOO Colonel Purdue built his home at Anclt5e1 Inno lind WIS rd~d In ODE In the 19~2 hon01l list lie r~Uftd In 1953

He W15 one or Ihe roundI In embers of the AnlClesu -Coif Club Id 5 -n acUe mtmber or Ihe RSt d themiddot linlles11 Llon~ CImiddotJb

He IIU sl$O member ot IhcArmr LodeI nd a lire member ot lilt Unlled Scrric3 tlUtllute

Colonel Purdue cUe died In 10611 nd he Is ~uIYed by a lIOn Isn Ind d_uchter 1lt1 Joan Drown bolh or hom Ihe In lI(elbourne

1t1rrt~~~ri~ ~~f~rmiddot~z- Imiddot ~ ~

~~i~~~ THE MAN who fired the first

salvo to mark Austraias inshyvolvement in the firstlworld war has died Clonel John lurdu ODF if AnthHI dld

hili IIchJelblt1 RepairHll10lt Ic~pltt 01 lIonmiddot drt~ ni~hl a~d 8

JUs Ildnnc lhot WIl flr~d fCm the roil It TI eP~1I (In AUlllst 5 191 IC dlj ar ndcl3rrd Clln~L Qermmj

T~r dcclmtllon had btn rude In Londlln litmiddot 1111 pm on Alleusl ~ (930 am U(ust s In Aus~middot rlllnl

1I~tmiddottr he~ If1 no IIdrt1u~le (ommunlc2middot 1l1 b~I-~en FIlIbnd _nd liUJlnhl It Ihe Ume lnd Ill (1 U 11(11 reeel cd br e Australia II GOltrrl1mcnt unlll 12_311 om

A German ship the rhl Iud Idt Ihe pcrtr I~lbourne at 7JD Illl mornilc and 11~ Cavern cnt oratred Ullt It be laquoIOPDCdTh~re wu no telepllone cnllct betlttn Atf

bourn 111111 Fnrt flrpe~n ~o 1I11Covemment tefemiddot Ioned the fort at QmcclI_clllf 1nd sited It to ~hn1 FMt Ne~n willi nlll[~

fort rtepcAn retehed the mn and In turn

t~ ~UJ~4

sJnallrd In the PhIl to lune to or be sUlik nil dll1etl~e as Ilaquonod lind Colonel Purdill

rho irIS 24 Rt the time wac ordered to nre 1 $I1rt Cl~r the bow or IIle ship u1J1ch h~ dId It 1250 pm

When caplured the Phlllz lIS found to hlle umiddotlilte stores wonh 90000 pounds In Its hold Includln II number or rour-Inch cuns

The Jhlp had sCeral run tllales on deck ready to 13ke the guns

---_ _ _----

By GEOFF DAVIE

It Is believed Ihe PIn11 va~ detlned to IHconll II nlucllllll nlder tn the Padne

(he slut WllCr laler nnamrd tile Boorllf3 bythe Awtrallan COeTnmcn~ and used 10 transll)rl IrMps and hor~ell durhllf Ihe tllr

The run rom fhlell the lhot UU ft~ed IJ no en dlsplar ouUlde Ihe Porlset Omcers Tralnlnc School Colo~L Purdue Il151 bom It CampmDCrdO~n In

107 1890 and JDent most or his chldhDOd at BlUwon Dos Werrlber and Neerfrn bull

He u educaled In Nrerlm Incs n dut of hl~ schlOl In 1902 bull 1IIllt puents IImiddottre rumell lind hid tltlr rlop

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1704 WEDNESDAY MARCH 26 1980 44 PAGES - 12c shy

IS salvo made historyo

o bull o

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regalia

crll burnt out 3eenl limes The 10l e~cthlC III traele life 1hlch SWtlll ClpllSllnd hi lllll

Colonel Purdue Jlllnccl Ihe IIrmr in 19l2 lind aner Ihe hlslorlc nrlll or the nnt shot nrred OlfSen fOf tour reau bull

He 115 m3rnetl 111 rn~13nd III 1918 2nd Teshyturned Iq uttrall in te 1919 herl he was ~la lIoned lit QueenscllfT

He later returned to London 0 tio a tourse un munllfon InlPCcllon at 11 Weolldce Ordlnme ColleRe

He alto Iudled rhe-miSli 21112 mdallurcr at lfelboume UnlCr~lumiddot

At lhe oulbrut lit the sttond world 11middot1f he rcumrd to acth-e senlce IS a colonel 211d on his rllum In I~ ~u placed in clurg or Ihl De- Iulment or Inspedioo or funIlIMt5 trhleh at thal stare had a JIII or bIlut BOOO Colonel Purdue built his home at Anclt5e1 Inno lind WIS rd~d In ODE In the 19~2 hon01l list lie r~Uftd In 1953

He W15 one or Ihe roundI In embers of the AnlClesu -Coif Club Id 5 -n acUe mtmber or Ihe RSt d themiddot linlles11 Llon~ CImiddotJb

He IIU sl$O member ot IhcArmr LodeI nd a lire member ot lilt Unlled Scrric3 tlUtllute

Colonel Purdue cUe died In 10611 nd he Is ~uIYed by a lIOn Isn Ind d_uchter 1lt1 Joan Drown bolh or hom Ihe In lI(elbourne

1t1rrt~~~ri~ ~~f~rmiddot~z- Imiddot ~ ~

~~i~~~ THE MAN who fired the first

salvo to mark Austraias inshyvolvement in the firstlworld war has died Clonel John lurdu ODF if AnthHI dld

hili IIchJelblt1 RepairHll10lt Ic~pltt 01 lIonmiddot drt~ ni~hl a~d 8

JUs Ildnnc lhot WIl flr~d fCm the roil It TI eP~1I (In AUlllst 5 191 IC dlj ar ndcl3rrd Clln~L Qermmj

T~r dcclmtllon had btn rude In Londlln litmiddot 1111 pm on Alleusl ~ (930 am U(ust s In Aus~middot rlllnl

1I~tmiddottr he~ If1 no IIdrt1u~le (ommunlc2middot 1l1 b~I-~en FIlIbnd _nd liUJlnhl It Ihe Ume lnd Ill (1 U 11(11 reeel cd br e Australia II GOltrrl1mcnt unlll 12_311 om

A German ship the rhl Iud Idt Ihe pcrtr I~lbourne at 7JD Illl mornilc and 11~ Cavern cnt oratred Ullt It be laquoIOPDCdTh~re wu no telepllone cnllct betlttn Atf

bourn 111111 Fnrt flrpe~n ~o 1I11Covemment tefemiddot Ioned the fort at QmcclI_clllf 1nd sited It to ~hn1 FMt Ne~n willi nlll[~

fort rtepcAn retehed the mn and In turn

t~ ~UJ~4

sJnallrd In the PhIl to lune to or be sUlik nil dll1etl~e as Ilaquonod lind Colonel Purdill

rho irIS 24 Rt the time wac ordered to nre 1 $I1rt Cl~r the bow or IIle ship u1J1ch h~ dId It 1250 pm

When caplured the Phlllz lIS found to hlle umiddotlilte stores wonh 90000 pounds In Its hold Includln II number or rour-Inch cuns

The Jhlp had sCeral run tllales on deck ready to 13ke the guns

---_ _ _----

By GEOFF DAVIE

It Is believed Ihe PIn11 va~ detlned to IHconll II nlucllllll nlder tn the Padne

(he slut WllCr laler nnamrd tile Boorllf3 bythe Awtrallan COeTnmcn~ and used 10 transll)rl IrMps and hor~ell durhllf Ihe tllr

The run rom fhlell the lhot UU ft~ed IJ no en dlsplar ouUlde Ihe Porlset Omcers Tralnlnc School Colo~L Purdue Il151 bom It CampmDCrdO~n In

107 1890 and JDent most or his chldhDOd at BlUwon Dos Werrlber and Neerfrn bull

He u educaled In Nrerlm Incs n dut of hl~ schlOl In 1902 bull 1IIllt puents IImiddottre rumell lind hid tltlr rlop

-

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bull

Single Ship Report for 5331131 IDNo S~31131 Name SKAUGUM Type Passenger ship Flag NOR

Tons 11626 own 12300

Length overall 16Bl lPP 1573

Beam 203

Material of build

Number of saewsMchy WE-IS

Speed(kn)

Year 1949 Launch Date 17140

Date of completion 449 Keel

Unk 2993 Yard No 579

Ship DesIgn Country of build

Builder Krupp Gennania

Location of yard Kiel

Owner as Completed DIS NS Eikland ampNS Salamis Oslo Naval or paramilitary marking

A End 1972

Subsequent History

[L as OSTMARK][cpl by Howaldtswerke Kiel 802][1957 cv to bulker re-engined 10-15 11111grt]]- 64 OCEAN BUILDER

Disposal Data

au Kaohsiung 25872 l

-~------------

~- -~--~ I t1-

THE SECRET RAIDERS WIDDER (SHIP 21)

freighter caught fire She was the British King lohn of 522 decided not to give chase as he had been warned by the SKL tons in ballast from London to Vancouver with fiftyniut Ihnt the Britisb hId taken a directional bearing from a recent people On board including SUMVOtS of the PanalIIanian ~Iort signal of his nnd warned Allied shipping of the prescnce 1middotsteamer Santa Marguerita which had been torpedod by 1 (If Zl raider in the neighbourhood though by some mischance U-boat In his war diary RucktescheU refers to these unConuli the raiders position was miscalculated by llbout 500 miles ates as Yu~oslaV$ Portuguese Maltese nnd Spaniards Yet another tanker was sighted on August 4 heading for dirty and lousy people rrinidad lind therefore in ballast All day long the Widder

The problem of accommodatIon ror prisoners was solved followed her just over the horizon then at night she closed drasticaUj by putting everybody but the captain and chicl to vithin about 2500 yards and opened fire without laming engineer of the Kine 101m and the seveD wounded men in I TIlirty rounds were fired into the tanker at top speed nine boats and telling them to make for the Lesser Antilles som~ shells were seen to hit while the ship stopped and her crew 240 miles distant The Kine lohn was then sunk the German could be $Cen getting intO boats which disap~ared intO tbe noting with satisfaction that the SOS which sbe had scnt out night Nine days later they were picked up by the British made lUI error in her position of 150 miles Further to conf~ tanker Cymbtllne The ship utacked was the Norwegian the enemy as to his position and intentions Ruckteschell tanker BtauJieL of 6114 tons on her way from the Azorcc steamed northwards as long as the boots were in sight and to Ambll four of her crew lost their lives including the then when they had disappeared altered course almost due captaincast Ruckteschell first tried to sink the abandoned ship with a

On July 13 the Widder nsJed fOr supplies which she was told torpedo but the torpedo ran around in circles and she had would be ready in a fonnight to be brought to a rendezvous 1 to be destroyed by explosive charges As soon as sbe was plainly by the tanker Rekum whIch was then at TeneriIfe the Widder I sinking the Widder steamed away toWmJs the Azores lit was now redisgujsed as the Spanish El Neptuno thirteen knots Within n short distance of the islands on

On July 18 the French cruiser leanne dArc reponed the August 8 and nt midday she sighted a medium-sized ship steershy1 arrival of fony-one men from the Kine John and Davisian at ing south The Widder followed uylng to gel inlo position to

AnguiJIlI The stories which they told rovided the British attack later in the day from out of the setting sun This asI Admiralt WI e rst e al ess accounts 0 any not possible SO that Ruckteschell waited until nightfall lind 1 one 0 t e emum raJ ers then at moonrise manneell to come around behind his target ~ TIle AdiIiiriilty warnCit the cruisers Dorsetsllire and Canshy silhouetted in the moonlight Once more he attacked without

berra together with the armed merchant-cruiscrs Alcantara wrrning at very short range - 3500 yards Out of forty rounds Pretoria Castle Asturias and Bulolo and the sloop Millord five or six hit the enemy and she besan to bum forward Then but they were unable to lind the raider closing to within 2000 yards Ruclcteschell opened up with

While the Widder was being sought she was drifting in his light nnti-aircraft guns firing on the bridge and the mershythe Atlantic or cruising dead slow while repairs were being chant ships guns Tvo boats got away with thirty-rour people 11 Ii

made to her engines and ber disguise once again altered Ii on board tbe entire ships company nnd were aU picked up On July 24 a tanker was sighted in ballast but RucktescheU by the raider while the ship was finished off by a torpedO let her pass as the Widder was now wit bin fifty miles of her and further shelling She had been the Dutch Oostpleln of rendezvous with the Rekum lind he did not wish to attract 5095 tons cnming 5850 tons of coal and coke from Cardiff British attention to this nrca When tbe Reku1ll arrived she and HuH to Buenos Aires proved a great disappointment as she hId brought no fresh Commenting on these sinkings Ruckteschell wrote in his tood lIr diary Two nisht attacks have succeeded but the week

On August 1 the Widder had to forego another possible has cost us 314 tons of oil fuel twice as much as usual bullbullbull prize smoke was sighted on the horizon but RucktescheU we have now got enough for about twelve weeks

92 93

~-------

U U - ~- - 27 Lr Tr middotS~~ g- I- t TrSmiddotZ --pound- 7~ m7_7 $

THE SECRET RAIDERS

In the long running fight the Dalzac had had plenty of tilll to have got her RR R tllrouin ~nd it wall accorltlingly necess1I I (or the Atlamis to disappear from the west side of the SOlI Atlantic

On June 27 the Allantb was ordered by the SKL to mCl1 the Orion homeward bound from the western Indian OceDn four days later and tronsfer to her enough fuel to keep her 11 sea until September This was very desirable as otherwi the Orion would have had to try to run the British blocklllL during the short summer nights In tum said the SKL Ih Atlamis would refuel (rom the Anneliese Enberger which would appear at a rendezvous during August Once tbis hili been done Rogge could stay out until late autumn

Keeping the raiders al sea through the summer was commiddot plicated by the sinking of the BumtJrck lind the rounding up of nine supply ships sent to sea for her replenishment and that of other raiders In addition the British AdmiraltY had by this lime received so mlch infQuuatjgo about the ship from tlie survivors of the ZomTnm and mm dIe prisoners of th[ I

1f1~ Zrqfolor and Robaul freed when the Alstertor was sunktbat the SKr felt that the raiders activit in the Allan vas hence= forward compromiscn1 Accordln y ey v-ere COnsl enng e advisability of sending her into the Pacific via the Indian Ocean and then home round Cape Horn in time for Christmas

MeanwhUe when Rogge met the Orion on July I he found that ber problems were much more serious than he had preshyviously realised She urgently nqulred 500 tons of fuel without this slld her captain Kurt Weyher her engines would have to stop and she would have to drift about the ocean for six weeks or more until the Ilrriva of the Annelfst Essberger Rogge refused Weyhers request saying that it he did not do so the Atlantis in her turn would not have enough fuel to move into whatever new area she WIlS sent by the SKL and she also would have to wait for the Anntliese Esbtrger ROpoundgc pointed out tbat the OrIon used as much fuel in one week as the Atlantis used in two months because of the difference in consumption between tbe Orions turbinCll and the diesels of the A tlattis and that it was clearly more economical to usc whntever ruel there was in the latter engines In actual fnet Ronges calculations gave II somewhat eXlggemted result tbe amount of the proportion between fuel used by the A rlantu and tbat used by the Orion was probablY 14 rather than 18

64

ATLANTIS (SHlP 16)

but nevertheless Rogges main contention was clearly sound lind Rogge wus in fact upheld by the SKL after an exchange of forceful ~ignals Atlantis W3S told tl set off for the PacifiC while on the other side of the world the German tanKer MlI1uterland lying in Yokohama was ordered to meet her in the Society Islands with a fresh consignment of fuel

Rogge notes in his war diary that the attitude of his crew when he told them what was being further required of them -after a performance which no other crew has rivalled before

or since - was elemplaryOff went the Atlantis via Gough Island and the Cape of

Good Hope into a hurricane which blew in the regions where the flying Dutchman had met it and blew nearly as stronsly Force lion the Bcaufort Scale was reached and the ship have to When the was able to move once more she sailed for II

month fnr from steamer routCll heading first soutb of Jusuatia and Len wen to the east of New Zealand To keep his cnw busy Rogge held 11 minute inspection of the ship which lasted for days on end and overhauled evcry single piece of the ship~ equipment By AUgust 2S the Atlanti was back in an area In which shlps might be sightedbut nothing happened until Sepshytember 10 tvO hours alter sunset The raider was about halfmiddot way between New Zealand and the Society Islands when II ship came in sight out of II squall fllthcr badly blllckedout shythe fitSt enemy ship that they had seen for eighty dlljS The enemy was heading away from the Azianeis which chased lit full speed while the fiteing merchantman gave the QQQ alarm

j from which she was discovered to be the Silvaplana a Norshyw

e l1gtian motor vessel of 4793 tons The A daneb tried in vain

to jam the alann and when the Sivaplana had stopped llnd Rogge put a prize crew on board he sent another signal purportshying to come from the Sivaplana cancelling the QQQ However stations in Australia and nt paritongn were suspiciOUS and asked for 11 confirmation In code which Rogge was unable to

giveThe Allantu accompanied by the Silvaplano then went on to her rende7voUS arranged in the previous July with the Mumterland Dnd here she also found Ship 4S Komlr which had arrived in the PacifiC via the north-east passage sailing through the ice along Ule north coast of Siberia Her comshymanding officer was a reIl1Ildmira1 Robert Eyssen while Rogge was only n captain - a point which became of -some

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INDIAN SlllP OR 1I0NG KONG

HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

bull

bull

Single Ship Report for 5331131 IDNo S~31131 Name SKAUGUM Type Passenger ship Flag NOR

Tons 11626 own 12300

Length overall 16Bl lPP 1573

Beam 203

Material of build

Number of saewsMchy WE-IS

Speed(kn)

Year 1949 Launch Date 17140

Date of completion 449 Keel

Unk 2993 Yard No 579

Ship DesIgn Country of build

Builder Krupp Gennania

Location of yard Kiel

Owner as Completed DIS NS Eikland ampNS Salamis Oslo Naval or paramilitary marking

A End 1972

Subsequent History

[L as OSTMARK][cpl by Howaldtswerke Kiel 802][1957 cv to bulker re-engined 10-15 11111grt]]- 64 OCEAN BUILDER

Disposal Data

au Kaohsiung 25872 l

-~------------

~- -~--~ I t1-

THE SECRET RAIDERS WIDDER (SHIP 21)

freighter caught fire She was the British King lohn of 522 decided not to give chase as he had been warned by the SKL tons in ballast from London to Vancouver with fiftyniut Ihnt the Britisb hId taken a directional bearing from a recent people On board including SUMVOtS of the PanalIIanian ~Iort signal of his nnd warned Allied shipping of the prescnce 1middotsteamer Santa Marguerita which had been torpedod by 1 (If Zl raider in the neighbourhood though by some mischance U-boat In his war diary RucktescheU refers to these unConuli the raiders position was miscalculated by llbout 500 miles ates as Yu~oslaV$ Portuguese Maltese nnd Spaniards Yet another tanker was sighted on August 4 heading for dirty and lousy people rrinidad lind therefore in ballast All day long the Widder

The problem of accommodatIon ror prisoners was solved followed her just over the horizon then at night she closed drasticaUj by putting everybody but the captain and chicl to vithin about 2500 yards and opened fire without laming engineer of the Kine 101m and the seveD wounded men in I TIlirty rounds were fired into the tanker at top speed nine boats and telling them to make for the Lesser Antilles som~ shells were seen to hit while the ship stopped and her crew 240 miles distant The Kine lohn was then sunk the German could be $Cen getting intO boats which disap~ared intO tbe noting with satisfaction that the SOS which sbe had scnt out night Nine days later they were picked up by the British made lUI error in her position of 150 miles Further to conf~ tanker Cymbtllne The ship utacked was the Norwegian the enemy as to his position and intentions Ruckteschell tanker BtauJieL of 6114 tons on her way from the Azorcc steamed northwards as long as the boots were in sight and to Ambll four of her crew lost their lives including the then when they had disappeared altered course almost due captaincast Ruckteschell first tried to sink the abandoned ship with a

On July 13 the Widder nsJed fOr supplies which she was told torpedo but the torpedo ran around in circles and she had would be ready in a fonnight to be brought to a rendezvous 1 to be destroyed by explosive charges As soon as sbe was plainly by the tanker Rekum whIch was then at TeneriIfe the Widder I sinking the Widder steamed away toWmJs the Azores lit was now redisgujsed as the Spanish El Neptuno thirteen knots Within n short distance of the islands on

On July 18 the French cruiser leanne dArc reponed the August 8 and nt midday she sighted a medium-sized ship steershy1 arrival of fony-one men from the Kine John and Davisian at ing south The Widder followed uylng to gel inlo position to

AnguiJIlI The stories which they told rovided the British attack later in the day from out of the setting sun This asI Admiralt WI e rst e al ess accounts 0 any not possible SO that Ruckteschell waited until nightfall lind 1 one 0 t e emum raJ ers then at moonrise manneell to come around behind his target ~ TIle AdiIiiriilty warnCit the cruisers Dorsetsllire and Canshy silhouetted in the moonlight Once more he attacked without

berra together with the armed merchant-cruiscrs Alcantara wrrning at very short range - 3500 yards Out of forty rounds Pretoria Castle Asturias and Bulolo and the sloop Millord five or six hit the enemy and she besan to bum forward Then but they were unable to lind the raider closing to within 2000 yards Ruclcteschell opened up with

While the Widder was being sought she was drifting in his light nnti-aircraft guns firing on the bridge and the mershythe Atlantic or cruising dead slow while repairs were being chant ships guns Tvo boats got away with thirty-rour people 11 Ii

made to her engines and ber disguise once again altered Ii on board tbe entire ships company nnd were aU picked up On July 24 a tanker was sighted in ballast but RucktescheU by the raider while the ship was finished off by a torpedO let her pass as the Widder was now wit bin fifty miles of her and further shelling She had been the Dutch Oostpleln of rendezvous with the Rekum lind he did not wish to attract 5095 tons cnming 5850 tons of coal and coke from Cardiff British attention to this nrca When tbe Reku1ll arrived she and HuH to Buenos Aires proved a great disappointment as she hId brought no fresh Commenting on these sinkings Ruckteschell wrote in his tood lIr diary Two nisht attacks have succeeded but the week

On August 1 the Widder had to forego another possible has cost us 314 tons of oil fuel twice as much as usual bullbullbull prize smoke was sighted on the horizon but RucktescheU we have now got enough for about twelve weeks

92 93

~-------

U U - ~- - 27 Lr Tr middotS~~ g- I- t TrSmiddotZ --pound- 7~ m7_7 $

THE SECRET RAIDERS

In the long running fight the Dalzac had had plenty of tilll to have got her RR R tllrouin ~nd it wall accorltlingly necess1I I (or the Atlamis to disappear from the west side of the SOlI Atlantic

On June 27 the Allantb was ordered by the SKL to mCl1 the Orion homeward bound from the western Indian OceDn four days later and tronsfer to her enough fuel to keep her 11 sea until September This was very desirable as otherwi the Orion would have had to try to run the British blocklllL during the short summer nights In tum said the SKL Ih Atlamis would refuel (rom the Anneliese Enberger which would appear at a rendezvous during August Once tbis hili been done Rogge could stay out until late autumn

Keeping the raiders al sea through the summer was commiddot plicated by the sinking of the BumtJrck lind the rounding up of nine supply ships sent to sea for her replenishment and that of other raiders In addition the British AdmiraltY had by this lime received so mlch infQuuatjgo about the ship from tlie survivors of the ZomTnm and mm dIe prisoners of th[ I

1f1~ Zrqfolor and Robaul freed when the Alstertor was sunktbat the SKr felt that the raiders activit in the Allan vas hence= forward compromiscn1 Accordln y ey v-ere COnsl enng e advisability of sending her into the Pacific via the Indian Ocean and then home round Cape Horn in time for Christmas

MeanwhUe when Rogge met the Orion on July I he found that ber problems were much more serious than he had preshyviously realised She urgently nqulred 500 tons of fuel without this slld her captain Kurt Weyher her engines would have to stop and she would have to drift about the ocean for six weeks or more until the Ilrriva of the Annelfst Essberger Rogge refused Weyhers request saying that it he did not do so the Atlantis in her turn would not have enough fuel to move into whatever new area she WIlS sent by the SKL and she also would have to wait for the Anntliese Esbtrger ROpoundgc pointed out tbat the OrIon used as much fuel in one week as the Atlantis used in two months because of the difference in consumption between tbe Orions turbinCll and the diesels of the A tlattis and that it was clearly more economical to usc whntever ruel there was in the latter engines In actual fnet Ronges calculations gave II somewhat eXlggemted result tbe amount of the proportion between fuel used by the A rlantu and tbat used by the Orion was probablY 14 rather than 18

64

ATLANTIS (SHlP 16)

but nevertheless Rogges main contention was clearly sound lind Rogge wus in fact upheld by the SKL after an exchange of forceful ~ignals Atlantis W3S told tl set off for the PacifiC while on the other side of the world the German tanKer MlI1uterland lying in Yokohama was ordered to meet her in the Society Islands with a fresh consignment of fuel

Rogge notes in his war diary that the attitude of his crew when he told them what was being further required of them -after a performance which no other crew has rivalled before

or since - was elemplaryOff went the Atlantis via Gough Island and the Cape of

Good Hope into a hurricane which blew in the regions where the flying Dutchman had met it and blew nearly as stronsly Force lion the Bcaufort Scale was reached and the ship have to When the was able to move once more she sailed for II

month fnr from steamer routCll heading first soutb of Jusuatia and Len wen to the east of New Zealand To keep his cnw busy Rogge held 11 minute inspection of the ship which lasted for days on end and overhauled evcry single piece of the ship~ equipment By AUgust 2S the Atlanti was back in an area In which shlps might be sightedbut nothing happened until Sepshytember 10 tvO hours alter sunset The raider was about halfmiddot way between New Zealand and the Society Islands when II ship came in sight out of II squall fllthcr badly blllckedout shythe fitSt enemy ship that they had seen for eighty dlljS The enemy was heading away from the Azianeis which chased lit full speed while the fiteing merchantman gave the QQQ alarm

j from which she was discovered to be the Silvaplana a Norshyw

e l1gtian motor vessel of 4793 tons The A daneb tried in vain

to jam the alann and when the Sivaplana had stopped llnd Rogge put a prize crew on board he sent another signal purportshying to come from the Sivaplana cancelling the QQQ However stations in Australia and nt paritongn were suspiciOUS and asked for 11 confirmation In code which Rogge was unable to

giveThe Allantu accompanied by the Silvaplano then went on to her rende7voUS arranged in the previous July with the Mumterland Dnd here she also found Ship 4S Komlr which had arrived in the PacifiC via the north-east passage sailing through the ice along Ule north coast of Siberia Her comshymanding officer was a reIl1Ildmira1 Robert Eyssen while Rogge was only n captain - a point which became of -some

6S s ~~- ~-=-----~

-~

u l) r ~ k~-~middott shy

t 4 middot a~

c

C~

()

~ Atvepound eS~ ~~chIH~

INDIAN SlllP OR 1I0NG KONG

HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

bull

Single Ship Report for 5331131 IDNo S~31131 Name SKAUGUM Type Passenger ship Flag NOR

Tons 11626 own 12300

Length overall 16Bl lPP 1573

Beam 203

Material of build

Number of saewsMchy WE-IS

Speed(kn)

Year 1949 Launch Date 17140

Date of completion 449 Keel

Unk 2993 Yard No 579

Ship DesIgn Country of build

Builder Krupp Gennania

Location of yard Kiel

Owner as Completed DIS NS Eikland ampNS Salamis Oslo Naval or paramilitary marking

A End 1972

Subsequent History

[L as OSTMARK][cpl by Howaldtswerke Kiel 802][1957 cv to bulker re-engined 10-15 11111grt]]- 64 OCEAN BUILDER

Disposal Data

au Kaohsiung 25872 l

-~------------

~- -~--~ I t1-

THE SECRET RAIDERS WIDDER (SHIP 21)

freighter caught fire She was the British King lohn of 522 decided not to give chase as he had been warned by the SKL tons in ballast from London to Vancouver with fiftyniut Ihnt the Britisb hId taken a directional bearing from a recent people On board including SUMVOtS of the PanalIIanian ~Iort signal of his nnd warned Allied shipping of the prescnce 1middotsteamer Santa Marguerita which had been torpedod by 1 (If Zl raider in the neighbourhood though by some mischance U-boat In his war diary RucktescheU refers to these unConuli the raiders position was miscalculated by llbout 500 miles ates as Yu~oslaV$ Portuguese Maltese nnd Spaniards Yet another tanker was sighted on August 4 heading for dirty and lousy people rrinidad lind therefore in ballast All day long the Widder

The problem of accommodatIon ror prisoners was solved followed her just over the horizon then at night she closed drasticaUj by putting everybody but the captain and chicl to vithin about 2500 yards and opened fire without laming engineer of the Kine 101m and the seveD wounded men in I TIlirty rounds were fired into the tanker at top speed nine boats and telling them to make for the Lesser Antilles som~ shells were seen to hit while the ship stopped and her crew 240 miles distant The Kine lohn was then sunk the German could be $Cen getting intO boats which disap~ared intO tbe noting with satisfaction that the SOS which sbe had scnt out night Nine days later they were picked up by the British made lUI error in her position of 150 miles Further to conf~ tanker Cymbtllne The ship utacked was the Norwegian the enemy as to his position and intentions Ruckteschell tanker BtauJieL of 6114 tons on her way from the Azorcc steamed northwards as long as the boots were in sight and to Ambll four of her crew lost their lives including the then when they had disappeared altered course almost due captaincast Ruckteschell first tried to sink the abandoned ship with a

On July 13 the Widder nsJed fOr supplies which she was told torpedo but the torpedo ran around in circles and she had would be ready in a fonnight to be brought to a rendezvous 1 to be destroyed by explosive charges As soon as sbe was plainly by the tanker Rekum whIch was then at TeneriIfe the Widder I sinking the Widder steamed away toWmJs the Azores lit was now redisgujsed as the Spanish El Neptuno thirteen knots Within n short distance of the islands on

On July 18 the French cruiser leanne dArc reponed the August 8 and nt midday she sighted a medium-sized ship steershy1 arrival of fony-one men from the Kine John and Davisian at ing south The Widder followed uylng to gel inlo position to

AnguiJIlI The stories which they told rovided the British attack later in the day from out of the setting sun This asI Admiralt WI e rst e al ess accounts 0 any not possible SO that Ruckteschell waited until nightfall lind 1 one 0 t e emum raJ ers then at moonrise manneell to come around behind his target ~ TIle AdiIiiriilty warnCit the cruisers Dorsetsllire and Canshy silhouetted in the moonlight Once more he attacked without

berra together with the armed merchant-cruiscrs Alcantara wrrning at very short range - 3500 yards Out of forty rounds Pretoria Castle Asturias and Bulolo and the sloop Millord five or six hit the enemy and she besan to bum forward Then but they were unable to lind the raider closing to within 2000 yards Ruclcteschell opened up with

While the Widder was being sought she was drifting in his light nnti-aircraft guns firing on the bridge and the mershythe Atlantic or cruising dead slow while repairs were being chant ships guns Tvo boats got away with thirty-rour people 11 Ii

made to her engines and ber disguise once again altered Ii on board tbe entire ships company nnd were aU picked up On July 24 a tanker was sighted in ballast but RucktescheU by the raider while the ship was finished off by a torpedO let her pass as the Widder was now wit bin fifty miles of her and further shelling She had been the Dutch Oostpleln of rendezvous with the Rekum lind he did not wish to attract 5095 tons cnming 5850 tons of coal and coke from Cardiff British attention to this nrca When tbe Reku1ll arrived she and HuH to Buenos Aires proved a great disappointment as she hId brought no fresh Commenting on these sinkings Ruckteschell wrote in his tood lIr diary Two nisht attacks have succeeded but the week

On August 1 the Widder had to forego another possible has cost us 314 tons of oil fuel twice as much as usual bullbullbull prize smoke was sighted on the horizon but RucktescheU we have now got enough for about twelve weeks

92 93

~-------

U U - ~- - 27 Lr Tr middotS~~ g- I- t TrSmiddotZ --pound- 7~ m7_7 $

THE SECRET RAIDERS

In the long running fight the Dalzac had had plenty of tilll to have got her RR R tllrouin ~nd it wall accorltlingly necess1I I (or the Atlamis to disappear from the west side of the SOlI Atlantic

On June 27 the Allantb was ordered by the SKL to mCl1 the Orion homeward bound from the western Indian OceDn four days later and tronsfer to her enough fuel to keep her 11 sea until September This was very desirable as otherwi the Orion would have had to try to run the British blocklllL during the short summer nights In tum said the SKL Ih Atlamis would refuel (rom the Anneliese Enberger which would appear at a rendezvous during August Once tbis hili been done Rogge could stay out until late autumn

Keeping the raiders al sea through the summer was commiddot plicated by the sinking of the BumtJrck lind the rounding up of nine supply ships sent to sea for her replenishment and that of other raiders In addition the British AdmiraltY had by this lime received so mlch infQuuatjgo about the ship from tlie survivors of the ZomTnm and mm dIe prisoners of th[ I

1f1~ Zrqfolor and Robaul freed when the Alstertor was sunktbat the SKr felt that the raiders activit in the Allan vas hence= forward compromiscn1 Accordln y ey v-ere COnsl enng e advisability of sending her into the Pacific via the Indian Ocean and then home round Cape Horn in time for Christmas

MeanwhUe when Rogge met the Orion on July I he found that ber problems were much more serious than he had preshyviously realised She urgently nqulred 500 tons of fuel without this slld her captain Kurt Weyher her engines would have to stop and she would have to drift about the ocean for six weeks or more until the Ilrriva of the Annelfst Essberger Rogge refused Weyhers request saying that it he did not do so the Atlantis in her turn would not have enough fuel to move into whatever new area she WIlS sent by the SKL and she also would have to wait for the Anntliese Esbtrger ROpoundgc pointed out tbat the OrIon used as much fuel in one week as the Atlantis used in two months because of the difference in consumption between tbe Orions turbinCll and the diesels of the A tlattis and that it was clearly more economical to usc whntever ruel there was in the latter engines In actual fnet Ronges calculations gave II somewhat eXlggemted result tbe amount of the proportion between fuel used by the A rlantu and tbat used by the Orion was probablY 14 rather than 18

64

ATLANTIS (SHlP 16)

but nevertheless Rogges main contention was clearly sound lind Rogge wus in fact upheld by the SKL after an exchange of forceful ~ignals Atlantis W3S told tl set off for the PacifiC while on the other side of the world the German tanKer MlI1uterland lying in Yokohama was ordered to meet her in the Society Islands with a fresh consignment of fuel

Rogge notes in his war diary that the attitude of his crew when he told them what was being further required of them -after a performance which no other crew has rivalled before

or since - was elemplaryOff went the Atlantis via Gough Island and the Cape of

Good Hope into a hurricane which blew in the regions where the flying Dutchman had met it and blew nearly as stronsly Force lion the Bcaufort Scale was reached and the ship have to When the was able to move once more she sailed for II

month fnr from steamer routCll heading first soutb of Jusuatia and Len wen to the east of New Zealand To keep his cnw busy Rogge held 11 minute inspection of the ship which lasted for days on end and overhauled evcry single piece of the ship~ equipment By AUgust 2S the Atlanti was back in an area In which shlps might be sightedbut nothing happened until Sepshytember 10 tvO hours alter sunset The raider was about halfmiddot way between New Zealand and the Society Islands when II ship came in sight out of II squall fllthcr badly blllckedout shythe fitSt enemy ship that they had seen for eighty dlljS The enemy was heading away from the Azianeis which chased lit full speed while the fiteing merchantman gave the QQQ alarm

j from which she was discovered to be the Silvaplana a Norshyw

e l1gtian motor vessel of 4793 tons The A daneb tried in vain

to jam the alann and when the Sivaplana had stopped llnd Rogge put a prize crew on board he sent another signal purportshying to come from the Sivaplana cancelling the QQQ However stations in Australia and nt paritongn were suspiciOUS and asked for 11 confirmation In code which Rogge was unable to

giveThe Allantu accompanied by the Silvaplano then went on to her rende7voUS arranged in the previous July with the Mumterland Dnd here she also found Ship 4S Komlr which had arrived in the PacifiC via the north-east passage sailing through the ice along Ule north coast of Siberia Her comshymanding officer was a reIl1Ildmira1 Robert Eyssen while Rogge was only n captain - a point which became of -some

6S s ~~- ~-=-----~

-~

u l) r ~ k~-~middott shy

t 4 middot a~

c

C~

()

~ Atvepound eS~ ~~chIH~

INDIAN SlllP OR 1I0NG KONG

HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

-~------------

~- -~--~ I t1-

THE SECRET RAIDERS WIDDER (SHIP 21)

freighter caught fire She was the British King lohn of 522 decided not to give chase as he had been warned by the SKL tons in ballast from London to Vancouver with fiftyniut Ihnt the Britisb hId taken a directional bearing from a recent people On board including SUMVOtS of the PanalIIanian ~Iort signal of his nnd warned Allied shipping of the prescnce 1middotsteamer Santa Marguerita which had been torpedod by 1 (If Zl raider in the neighbourhood though by some mischance U-boat In his war diary RucktescheU refers to these unConuli the raiders position was miscalculated by llbout 500 miles ates as Yu~oslaV$ Portuguese Maltese nnd Spaniards Yet another tanker was sighted on August 4 heading for dirty and lousy people rrinidad lind therefore in ballast All day long the Widder

The problem of accommodatIon ror prisoners was solved followed her just over the horizon then at night she closed drasticaUj by putting everybody but the captain and chicl to vithin about 2500 yards and opened fire without laming engineer of the Kine 101m and the seveD wounded men in I TIlirty rounds were fired into the tanker at top speed nine boats and telling them to make for the Lesser Antilles som~ shells were seen to hit while the ship stopped and her crew 240 miles distant The Kine lohn was then sunk the German could be $Cen getting intO boats which disap~ared intO tbe noting with satisfaction that the SOS which sbe had scnt out night Nine days later they were picked up by the British made lUI error in her position of 150 miles Further to conf~ tanker Cymbtllne The ship utacked was the Norwegian the enemy as to his position and intentions Ruckteschell tanker BtauJieL of 6114 tons on her way from the Azorcc steamed northwards as long as the boots were in sight and to Ambll four of her crew lost their lives including the then when they had disappeared altered course almost due captaincast Ruckteschell first tried to sink the abandoned ship with a

On July 13 the Widder nsJed fOr supplies which she was told torpedo but the torpedo ran around in circles and she had would be ready in a fonnight to be brought to a rendezvous 1 to be destroyed by explosive charges As soon as sbe was plainly by the tanker Rekum whIch was then at TeneriIfe the Widder I sinking the Widder steamed away toWmJs the Azores lit was now redisgujsed as the Spanish El Neptuno thirteen knots Within n short distance of the islands on

On July 18 the French cruiser leanne dArc reponed the August 8 and nt midday she sighted a medium-sized ship steershy1 arrival of fony-one men from the Kine John and Davisian at ing south The Widder followed uylng to gel inlo position to

AnguiJIlI The stories which they told rovided the British attack later in the day from out of the setting sun This asI Admiralt WI e rst e al ess accounts 0 any not possible SO that Ruckteschell waited until nightfall lind 1 one 0 t e emum raJ ers then at moonrise manneell to come around behind his target ~ TIle AdiIiiriilty warnCit the cruisers Dorsetsllire and Canshy silhouetted in the moonlight Once more he attacked without

berra together with the armed merchant-cruiscrs Alcantara wrrning at very short range - 3500 yards Out of forty rounds Pretoria Castle Asturias and Bulolo and the sloop Millord five or six hit the enemy and she besan to bum forward Then but they were unable to lind the raider closing to within 2000 yards Ruclcteschell opened up with

While the Widder was being sought she was drifting in his light nnti-aircraft guns firing on the bridge and the mershythe Atlantic or cruising dead slow while repairs were being chant ships guns Tvo boats got away with thirty-rour people 11 Ii

made to her engines and ber disguise once again altered Ii on board tbe entire ships company nnd were aU picked up On July 24 a tanker was sighted in ballast but RucktescheU by the raider while the ship was finished off by a torpedO let her pass as the Widder was now wit bin fifty miles of her and further shelling She had been the Dutch Oostpleln of rendezvous with the Rekum lind he did not wish to attract 5095 tons cnming 5850 tons of coal and coke from Cardiff British attention to this nrca When tbe Reku1ll arrived she and HuH to Buenos Aires proved a great disappointment as she hId brought no fresh Commenting on these sinkings Ruckteschell wrote in his tood lIr diary Two nisht attacks have succeeded but the week

On August 1 the Widder had to forego another possible has cost us 314 tons of oil fuel twice as much as usual bullbullbull prize smoke was sighted on the horizon but RucktescheU we have now got enough for about twelve weeks

92 93

~-------

U U - ~- - 27 Lr Tr middotS~~ g- I- t TrSmiddotZ --pound- 7~ m7_7 $

THE SECRET RAIDERS

In the long running fight the Dalzac had had plenty of tilll to have got her RR R tllrouin ~nd it wall accorltlingly necess1I I (or the Atlamis to disappear from the west side of the SOlI Atlantic

On June 27 the Allantb was ordered by the SKL to mCl1 the Orion homeward bound from the western Indian OceDn four days later and tronsfer to her enough fuel to keep her 11 sea until September This was very desirable as otherwi the Orion would have had to try to run the British blocklllL during the short summer nights In tum said the SKL Ih Atlamis would refuel (rom the Anneliese Enberger which would appear at a rendezvous during August Once tbis hili been done Rogge could stay out until late autumn

Keeping the raiders al sea through the summer was commiddot plicated by the sinking of the BumtJrck lind the rounding up of nine supply ships sent to sea for her replenishment and that of other raiders In addition the British AdmiraltY had by this lime received so mlch infQuuatjgo about the ship from tlie survivors of the ZomTnm and mm dIe prisoners of th[ I

1f1~ Zrqfolor and Robaul freed when the Alstertor was sunktbat the SKr felt that the raiders activit in the Allan vas hence= forward compromiscn1 Accordln y ey v-ere COnsl enng e advisability of sending her into the Pacific via the Indian Ocean and then home round Cape Horn in time for Christmas

MeanwhUe when Rogge met the Orion on July I he found that ber problems were much more serious than he had preshyviously realised She urgently nqulred 500 tons of fuel without this slld her captain Kurt Weyher her engines would have to stop and she would have to drift about the ocean for six weeks or more until the Ilrriva of the Annelfst Essberger Rogge refused Weyhers request saying that it he did not do so the Atlantis in her turn would not have enough fuel to move into whatever new area she WIlS sent by the SKL and she also would have to wait for the Anntliese Esbtrger ROpoundgc pointed out tbat the OrIon used as much fuel in one week as the Atlantis used in two months because of the difference in consumption between tbe Orions turbinCll and the diesels of the A tlattis and that it was clearly more economical to usc whntever ruel there was in the latter engines In actual fnet Ronges calculations gave II somewhat eXlggemted result tbe amount of the proportion between fuel used by the A rlantu and tbat used by the Orion was probablY 14 rather than 18

64

ATLANTIS (SHlP 16)

but nevertheless Rogges main contention was clearly sound lind Rogge wus in fact upheld by the SKL after an exchange of forceful ~ignals Atlantis W3S told tl set off for the PacifiC while on the other side of the world the German tanKer MlI1uterland lying in Yokohama was ordered to meet her in the Society Islands with a fresh consignment of fuel

Rogge notes in his war diary that the attitude of his crew when he told them what was being further required of them -after a performance which no other crew has rivalled before

or since - was elemplaryOff went the Atlantis via Gough Island and the Cape of

Good Hope into a hurricane which blew in the regions where the flying Dutchman had met it and blew nearly as stronsly Force lion the Bcaufort Scale was reached and the ship have to When the was able to move once more she sailed for II

month fnr from steamer routCll heading first soutb of Jusuatia and Len wen to the east of New Zealand To keep his cnw busy Rogge held 11 minute inspection of the ship which lasted for days on end and overhauled evcry single piece of the ship~ equipment By AUgust 2S the Atlanti was back in an area In which shlps might be sightedbut nothing happened until Sepshytember 10 tvO hours alter sunset The raider was about halfmiddot way between New Zealand and the Society Islands when II ship came in sight out of II squall fllthcr badly blllckedout shythe fitSt enemy ship that they had seen for eighty dlljS The enemy was heading away from the Azianeis which chased lit full speed while the fiteing merchantman gave the QQQ alarm

j from which she was discovered to be the Silvaplana a Norshyw

e l1gtian motor vessel of 4793 tons The A daneb tried in vain

to jam the alann and when the Sivaplana had stopped llnd Rogge put a prize crew on board he sent another signal purportshying to come from the Sivaplana cancelling the QQQ However stations in Australia and nt paritongn were suspiciOUS and asked for 11 confirmation In code which Rogge was unable to

giveThe Allantu accompanied by the Silvaplano then went on to her rende7voUS arranged in the previous July with the Mumterland Dnd here she also found Ship 4S Komlr which had arrived in the PacifiC via the north-east passage sailing through the ice along Ule north coast of Siberia Her comshymanding officer was a reIl1Ildmira1 Robert Eyssen while Rogge was only n captain - a point which became of -some

6S s ~~- ~-=-----~

-~

u l) r ~ k~-~middott shy

t 4 middot a~

c

C~

()

~ Atvepound eS~ ~~chIH~

INDIAN SlllP OR 1I0NG KONG

HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

THE SECRET RAIDERS

In the long running fight the Dalzac had had plenty of tilll to have got her RR R tllrouin ~nd it wall accorltlingly necess1I I (or the Atlamis to disappear from the west side of the SOlI Atlantic

On June 27 the Allantb was ordered by the SKL to mCl1 the Orion homeward bound from the western Indian OceDn four days later and tronsfer to her enough fuel to keep her 11 sea until September This was very desirable as otherwi the Orion would have had to try to run the British blocklllL during the short summer nights In tum said the SKL Ih Atlamis would refuel (rom the Anneliese Enberger which would appear at a rendezvous during August Once tbis hili been done Rogge could stay out until late autumn

Keeping the raiders al sea through the summer was commiddot plicated by the sinking of the BumtJrck lind the rounding up of nine supply ships sent to sea for her replenishment and that of other raiders In addition the British AdmiraltY had by this lime received so mlch infQuuatjgo about the ship from tlie survivors of the ZomTnm and mm dIe prisoners of th[ I

1f1~ Zrqfolor and Robaul freed when the Alstertor was sunktbat the SKr felt that the raiders activit in the Allan vas hence= forward compromiscn1 Accordln y ey v-ere COnsl enng e advisability of sending her into the Pacific via the Indian Ocean and then home round Cape Horn in time for Christmas

MeanwhUe when Rogge met the Orion on July I he found that ber problems were much more serious than he had preshyviously realised She urgently nqulred 500 tons of fuel without this slld her captain Kurt Weyher her engines would have to stop and she would have to drift about the ocean for six weeks or more until the Ilrriva of the Annelfst Essberger Rogge refused Weyhers request saying that it he did not do so the Atlantis in her turn would not have enough fuel to move into whatever new area she WIlS sent by the SKL and she also would have to wait for the Anntliese Esbtrger ROpoundgc pointed out tbat the OrIon used as much fuel in one week as the Atlantis used in two months because of the difference in consumption between tbe Orions turbinCll and the diesels of the A tlattis and that it was clearly more economical to usc whntever ruel there was in the latter engines In actual fnet Ronges calculations gave II somewhat eXlggemted result tbe amount of the proportion between fuel used by the A rlantu and tbat used by the Orion was probablY 14 rather than 18

64

ATLANTIS (SHlP 16)

but nevertheless Rogges main contention was clearly sound lind Rogge wus in fact upheld by the SKL after an exchange of forceful ~ignals Atlantis W3S told tl set off for the PacifiC while on the other side of the world the German tanKer MlI1uterland lying in Yokohama was ordered to meet her in the Society Islands with a fresh consignment of fuel

Rogge notes in his war diary that the attitude of his crew when he told them what was being further required of them -after a performance which no other crew has rivalled before

or since - was elemplaryOff went the Atlantis via Gough Island and the Cape of

Good Hope into a hurricane which blew in the regions where the flying Dutchman had met it and blew nearly as stronsly Force lion the Bcaufort Scale was reached and the ship have to When the was able to move once more she sailed for II

month fnr from steamer routCll heading first soutb of Jusuatia and Len wen to the east of New Zealand To keep his cnw busy Rogge held 11 minute inspection of the ship which lasted for days on end and overhauled evcry single piece of the ship~ equipment By AUgust 2S the Atlanti was back in an area In which shlps might be sightedbut nothing happened until Sepshytember 10 tvO hours alter sunset The raider was about halfmiddot way between New Zealand and the Society Islands when II ship came in sight out of II squall fllthcr badly blllckedout shythe fitSt enemy ship that they had seen for eighty dlljS The enemy was heading away from the Azianeis which chased lit full speed while the fiteing merchantman gave the QQQ alarm

j from which she was discovered to be the Silvaplana a Norshyw

e l1gtian motor vessel of 4793 tons The A daneb tried in vain

to jam the alann and when the Sivaplana had stopped llnd Rogge put a prize crew on board he sent another signal purportshying to come from the Sivaplana cancelling the QQQ However stations in Australia and nt paritongn were suspiciOUS and asked for 11 confirmation In code which Rogge was unable to

giveThe Allantu accompanied by the Silvaplano then went on to her rende7voUS arranged in the previous July with the Mumterland Dnd here she also found Ship 4S Komlr which had arrived in the PacifiC via the north-east passage sailing through the ice along Ule north coast of Siberia Her comshymanding officer was a reIl1Ildmira1 Robert Eyssen while Rogge was only n captain - a point which became of -some

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Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

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HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

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HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

INDIAN SlllP OR 1I0NG KONG

HONG KONG bUerslre reported to have acquired the Indian mltorship JaC 7iwon (6951 amproos Ions) from the Grelt Castelli Shippin Cu Ittl

Bombay for whom she VIIS completed in April 1959 by Ihe illmiddotfllled Schlicker Tertt shipllfd 111 Hamburg A hllnd ship of the openclosed shlte dtCK type she bas 1I 7-cylinder MAN oil engine and is strengthened for miglllion in ice

The 1ag 1iwan had scarctly hem completed in 1959 wtun 6he 111$ taken on 1

four-yoI time charter b the Scindil Sttlm NIIiglltion Co LIU of Bomblr who placed their jaID prefix in front of her name so thai she became rather incongruously the 1aa Jag 11Traquoan It is under this name and in Sdndia colour~ that she appelrs in OUr photogrnph I1ccompan~ing this article

In 1963 she conpleted her charter lind Willgt murmed to the Greal Estem Shipping Co Ltd reverting to die name of tag jiwutl A gooe class ship the nImc of her n~w owners h3S not SO far b~n replrttd b~lt whtev~r 11 mlJ

he gthould h~ gelling D ustful vessel

In Scindia eoloul$) the J211 Jag J1an photographed during her fourshyyear time charter

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10 ReaClers are inVited to submit obituaries of 475 or 870 wordswhich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or bard copy to The Age ObituariesObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 poundmaillifeandUmeslheagecomau

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers mena( on the Kcmbs Dam on the

BOMBER COMMANDER theatre The banJeship made few believed to have hit the batLieshyW1WE T1RPITZ TAJT na31 strmcgy in the European released by Talts bomb ulmer is

Rhine and despite his ainraft fnrays to sea but its latent ships bow and ihe Germans being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916- 31middot8middot2001 on his allack and destroyed Ihe political difficullit with the ther south 10 Tromso for repairs menaa frequently caused rnajar were forced to move TirpilZ furshy

dam Russians while the BrlLish prime This brought it within range

GAfter the successful 11rpilZ

ROUP Caplain Willie minister Winston Churchill of RAF LosslcffiOUth in the attack Tail flew 10 more opcrshyTail whose brilliant pressed incessantly for TIrpltzli nonh of Scotland lnd on Octoshy alllms before being grounded on career as a bomber dcstruction ber 29 Talt led 37 Lancasrers (In December 15 haing nmll 101 commander In World During 1942 RAF MoW and a second attack bul bad weather bombing operations

War f1lncluded atrncking the flee Air Jrm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Thit remained in the RAr mast demanding Dnd difficult SCIlral attempts 10 destroy the Under intcose political after the Will and served in targets mOSt memorably his deadly ship In Gennan pons and pressure to dispose of l1rpitz 28 SouthmiddotEast Asin India the three atlilCks agalnt Ihe German NonClrIan fiords butllWlllged Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore banleship l1rpltl has died fie to ImmobDise the baldeshlp only November 11 This time the hcfore retiring as a group captain was 90 tempornrily weather was dear and no in IIIW

By the end of the war he had By 19~4 Tirpit had sailed 10 German fighlers lntenmiddotcoed Tail A determined man and an flown mOre than tOO opellllions nonlem NOlw3y uul of mne of attacked first and his Tallboy hit inspiring leader and pilot Talt in which he was tlWiltded RAP bombexs operating from the ship another olnraft also was described by Cheshires uniquely four DisJingulshed British alrfieds Carrler-bomo scorcd a direct hit and there was biographer Andrew BO)ie as a Savice Orders and two Fleet Alr tnn aircraft made a a olent internal explosion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of nvo Auslralillll Lancaster rail thoughtful man with lighl Distinguished Flying Crosses number of daring attacks as Ihe the hugo battleship Cilps1zed alrfleld in a Wrutlcy NCot he squadrons brQm eyes that look through

His commanding officer recshy banJeship was moored In Kaa 1th great loss of lie anackcd targets In Gennan) he In May i9 Talt rerumtd to and hejCnd one Aman of few ommended him for the Victoria Fiord but no decisive damage ThIt earned the nickname new on the fllSl raid on liaJy opcrailons as a master bomber words but words that coum Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there was great when a force ofWhllJeys crossed in No5 Group and on the night He WilS also a strict disclplishytryr over almost live years of 1941 an ambitious plan was relief In political and naval the Alps in a dumderstonn to before DDcy he circled narum and consummale Olnslllnt operations Instead he devised for lancaster bombers cinles that The Beasl as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbourg Imd controlled a rone professional was awarded II third bar to his to strike from Russian airfields Churchill had dubbed the ballleshy he flew on the firsl mid on of 200 LancaSlers attacking the After leaving the BAF he DSO for his conspicuous bravo on the Kola Peninsula TaIt who ship had firuilly ceased to be n Berlin Various other missions coastal gun bauery at 51 Pierre tmlned as a computer programshyery and extreme devotion In had recently taken over No 617 threat after more than nO )Car5 ranged (rom Malta and southern du Mont vhich posed a serious mer before wotking for tCL and duty in die filce of the enemy Squruiron (of DamuuscCli fame) of effort 10 neutralise iL Italy to a daring daylight mid on threat to the American landings Scottish Widows in later )Cars making him the only airman from Leonard Cheshire VC was James Brian Tail knoll 10 (iel on Utah Beach The emplace- he read lidcly and was passionshydurlng World War 11 to be appointed 10 lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on all three or ment was eliminated me about the music of Schubert awarded the DSO four times canying new 12000-pound born in Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids in Tail assumed tOmmand of especially his lieder researching

The SpCCtre of the 42900-lOn Tallboy bombs designed by attended Wcllingboough School the spring of 19-12 while officially No 617 Squadron In July The in great detailhe background 10 Tupltz emerging Into the Atlantic Barncs Wallis He graduated as 0 pIlot from on rest squadron specialised In lowmiddot level more than 400 of them 10 cause havoc among convoys On Seprember 15 11 force of RAP College Cranwelln 1936 Also nilen not required 10 fly target marldngand preciSion Tail marriedln 1945 a MF cauylng vital supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for Kaa and joined 11 bomber squadron (as base operations omcer III attacks Shortly before the final officer Belty Plummer who troops particularly the crucial Fiord and despite the battlemiddot Due to an injury he did not Waddington) he new nine mid on the Tirpitz he led six died In 1990 he is survived by a convoys [0 r~la dominated Shlps smokescreen n Tallboy r ~ first operation until April missions with the junio~ ~~$ lancasters on a da)iight arrack son and tw~ Ighrers 1ElpoundGRPI1

f Ii _Iil-

Then lIIg Comm3nd~Willie Tait (CourIh from lftJ1t) and his aew after the successful TUllill mid artists Impression 0 the raid (top right) and the capsized battleship

---------shy

-

10 ReaClers are inVited to submit obituaries of 475 or 870 wordswhich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or bard copy to The Age ObituariesObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 poundmaillifeandUmeslheagecomau

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers mena( on the Kcmbs Dam on the

BOMBER COMMANDER theatre The banJeship made few believed to have hit the batLieshyW1WE T1RPITZ TAJT na31 strmcgy in the European released by Talts bomb ulmer is

Rhine and despite his ainraft fnrays to sea but its latent ships bow and ihe Germans being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916- 31middot8middot2001 on his allack and destroyed Ihe political difficullit with the ther south 10 Tromso for repairs menaa frequently caused rnajar were forced to move TirpilZ furshy

dam Russians while the BrlLish prime This brought it within range

GAfter the successful 11rpilZ

ROUP Caplain Willie minister Winston Churchill of RAF LosslcffiOUth in the attack Tail flew 10 more opcrshyTail whose brilliant pressed incessantly for TIrpltzli nonh of Scotland lnd on Octoshy alllms before being grounded on career as a bomber dcstruction ber 29 Talt led 37 Lancasrers (In December 15 haing nmll 101 commander In World During 1942 RAF MoW and a second attack bul bad weather bombing operations

War f1lncluded atrncking the flee Air Jrm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Thit remained in the RAr mast demanding Dnd difficult SCIlral attempts 10 destroy the Under intcose political after the Will and served in targets mOSt memorably his deadly ship In Gennan pons and pressure to dispose of l1rpitz 28 SouthmiddotEast Asin India the three atlilCks agalnt Ihe German NonClrIan fiords butllWlllged Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore banleship l1rpltl has died fie to ImmobDise the baldeshlp only November 11 This time the hcfore retiring as a group captain was 90 tempornrily weather was dear and no in IIIW

By the end of the war he had By 19~4 Tirpit had sailed 10 German fighlers lntenmiddotcoed Tail A determined man and an flown mOre than tOO opellllions nonlem NOlw3y uul of mne of attacked first and his Tallboy hit inspiring leader and pilot Talt in which he was tlWiltded RAP bombexs operating from the ship another olnraft also was described by Cheshires uniquely four DisJingulshed British alrfieds Carrler-bomo scorcd a direct hit and there was biographer Andrew BO)ie as a Savice Orders and two Fleet Alr tnn aircraft made a a olent internal explosion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of nvo Auslralillll Lancaster rail thoughtful man with lighl Distinguished Flying Crosses number of daring attacks as Ihe the hugo battleship Cilps1zed alrfleld in a Wrutlcy NCot he squadrons brQm eyes that look through

His commanding officer recshy banJeship was moored In Kaa 1th great loss of lie anackcd targets In Gennan) he In May i9 Talt rerumtd to and hejCnd one Aman of few ommended him for the Victoria Fiord but no decisive damage ThIt earned the nickname new on the fllSl raid on liaJy opcrailons as a master bomber words but words that coum Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there was great when a force ofWhllJeys crossed in No5 Group and on the night He WilS also a strict disclplishytryr over almost live years of 1941 an ambitious plan was relief In political and naval the Alps in a dumderstonn to before DDcy he circled narum and consummale Olnslllnt operations Instead he devised for lancaster bombers cinles that The Beasl as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbourg Imd controlled a rone professional was awarded II third bar to his to strike from Russian airfields Churchill had dubbed the ballleshy he flew on the firsl mid on of 200 LancaSlers attacking the After leaving the BAF he DSO for his conspicuous bravo on the Kola Peninsula TaIt who ship had firuilly ceased to be n Berlin Various other missions coastal gun bauery at 51 Pierre tmlned as a computer programshyery and extreme devotion In had recently taken over No 617 threat after more than nO )Car5 ranged (rom Malta and southern du Mont vhich posed a serious mer before wotking for tCL and duty in die filce of the enemy Squruiron (of DamuuscCli fame) of effort 10 neutralise iL Italy to a daring daylight mid on threat to the American landings Scottish Widows in later )Cars making him the only airman from Leonard Cheshire VC was James Brian Tail knoll 10 (iel on Utah Beach The emplace- he read lidcly and was passionshydurlng World War 11 to be appointed 10 lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on all three or ment was eliminated me about the music of Schubert awarded the DSO four times canying new 12000-pound born in Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids in Tail assumed tOmmand of especially his lieder researching

The SpCCtre of the 42900-lOn Tallboy bombs designed by attended Wcllingboough School the spring of 19-12 while officially No 617 Squadron In July The in great detailhe background 10 Tupltz emerging Into the Atlantic Barncs Wallis He graduated as 0 pIlot from on rest squadron specialised In lowmiddot level more than 400 of them 10 cause havoc among convoys On Seprember 15 11 force of RAP College Cranwelln 1936 Also nilen not required 10 fly target marldngand preciSion Tail marriedln 1945 a MF cauylng vital supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for Kaa and joined 11 bomber squadron (as base operations omcer III attacks Shortly before the final officer Belty Plummer who troops particularly the crucial Fiord and despite the battlemiddot Due to an injury he did not Waddington) he new nine mid on the Tirpitz he led six died In 1990 he is survived by a convoys [0 r~la dominated Shlps smokescreen n Tallboy r ~ first operation until April missions with the junio~ ~~$ lancasters on a da)iight arrack son and tw~ Ighrers 1ElpoundGRPI1

f Ii _Iil-

Then lIIg Comm3nd~Willie Tait (CourIh from lftJ1t) and his aew after the successful TUllill mid artists Impression 0 the raid (top right) and the capsized battleship

10 ReaClers are inVited to submit obituaries of 475 or 870 wordswhich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or bard copy to The Age ObituariesObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 poundmaillifeandUmeslheagecomau

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers mena( on the Kcmbs Dam on the

BOMBER COMMANDER theatre The banJeship made few believed to have hit the batLieshyW1WE T1RPITZ TAJT na31 strmcgy in the European released by Talts bomb ulmer is

Rhine and despite his ainraft fnrays to sea but its latent ships bow and ihe Germans being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916- 31middot8middot2001 on his allack and destroyed Ihe political difficullit with the ther south 10 Tromso for repairs menaa frequently caused rnajar were forced to move TirpilZ furshy

dam Russians while the BrlLish prime This brought it within range

GAfter the successful 11rpilZ

ROUP Caplain Willie minister Winston Churchill of RAF LosslcffiOUth in the attack Tail flew 10 more opcrshyTail whose brilliant pressed incessantly for TIrpltzli nonh of Scotland lnd on Octoshy alllms before being grounded on career as a bomber dcstruction ber 29 Talt led 37 Lancasrers (In December 15 haing nmll 101 commander In World During 1942 RAF MoW and a second attack bul bad weather bombing operations

War f1lncluded atrncking the flee Air Jrm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Thit remained in the RAr mast demanding Dnd difficult SCIlral attempts 10 destroy the Under intcose political after the Will and served in targets mOSt memorably his deadly ship In Gennan pons and pressure to dispose of l1rpitz 28 SouthmiddotEast Asin India the three atlilCks agalnt Ihe German NonClrIan fiords butllWlllged Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore banleship l1rpltl has died fie to ImmobDise the baldeshlp only November 11 This time the hcfore retiring as a group captain was 90 tempornrily weather was dear and no in IIIW

By the end of the war he had By 19~4 Tirpit had sailed 10 German fighlers lntenmiddotcoed Tail A determined man and an flown mOre than tOO opellllions nonlem NOlw3y uul of mne of attacked first and his Tallboy hit inspiring leader and pilot Talt in which he was tlWiltded RAP bombexs operating from the ship another olnraft also was described by Cheshires uniquely four DisJingulshed British alrfieds Carrler-bomo scorcd a direct hit and there was biographer Andrew BO)ie as a Savice Orders and two Fleet Alr tnn aircraft made a a olent internal explosion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of nvo Auslralillll Lancaster rail thoughtful man with lighl Distinguished Flying Crosses number of daring attacks as Ihe the hugo battleship Cilps1zed alrfleld in a Wrutlcy NCot he squadrons brQm eyes that look through

His commanding officer recshy banJeship was moored In Kaa 1th great loss of lie anackcd targets In Gennan) he In May i9 Talt rerumtd to and hejCnd one Aman of few ommended him for the Victoria Fiord but no decisive damage ThIt earned the nickname new on the fllSl raid on liaJy opcrailons as a master bomber words but words that coum Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there was great when a force ofWhllJeys crossed in No5 Group and on the night He WilS also a strict disclplishytryr over almost live years of 1941 an ambitious plan was relief In political and naval the Alps in a dumderstonn to before DDcy he circled narum and consummale Olnslllnt operations Instead he devised for lancaster bombers cinles that The Beasl as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbourg Imd controlled a rone professional was awarded II third bar to his to strike from Russian airfields Churchill had dubbed the ballleshy he flew on the firsl mid on of 200 LancaSlers attacking the After leaving the BAF he DSO for his conspicuous bravo on the Kola Peninsula TaIt who ship had firuilly ceased to be n Berlin Various other missions coastal gun bauery at 51 Pierre tmlned as a computer programshyery and extreme devotion In had recently taken over No 617 threat after more than nO )Car5 ranged (rom Malta and southern du Mont vhich posed a serious mer before wotking for tCL and duty in die filce of the enemy Squruiron (of DamuuscCli fame) of effort 10 neutralise iL Italy to a daring daylight mid on threat to the American landings Scottish Widows in later )Cars making him the only airman from Leonard Cheshire VC was James Brian Tail knoll 10 (iel on Utah Beach The emplace- he read lidcly and was passionshydurlng World War 11 to be appointed 10 lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on all three or ment was eliminated me about the music of Schubert awarded the DSO four times canying new 12000-pound born in Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids in Tail assumed tOmmand of especially his lieder researching

The SpCCtre of the 42900-lOn Tallboy bombs designed by attended Wcllingboough School the spring of 19-12 while officially No 617 Squadron In July The in great detailhe background 10 Tupltz emerging Into the Atlantic Barncs Wallis He graduated as 0 pIlot from on rest squadron specialised In lowmiddot level more than 400 of them 10 cause havoc among convoys On Seprember 15 11 force of RAP College Cranwelln 1936 Also nilen not required 10 fly target marldngand preciSion Tail marriedln 1945 a MF cauylng vital supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for Kaa and joined 11 bomber squadron (as base operations omcer III attacks Shortly before the final officer Belty Plummer who troops particularly the crucial Fiord and despite the battlemiddot Due to an injury he did not Waddington) he new nine mid on the Tirpitz he led six died In 1990 he is survived by a convoys [0 r~la dominated Shlps smokescreen n Tallboy r ~ first operation until April missions with the junio~ ~~$ lancasters on a da)iight arrack son and tw~ Ighrers 1ElpoundGRPI1

f Ii _Iil-

Then lIIg Comm3nd~Willie Tait (CourIh from lftJ1t) and his aew after the successful TUllill mid artists Impression 0 the raid (top right) and the capsized battleship

- ---- - --

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In the United States the unveiling of the full German menace in the summer of 1940 dfcctcd the altitUde of the public ro the war almost as proroundly though less swiftly than in the British Empire The sense there of blessed isolation was natural ancient and deep-rooted Was it not to escape the wrath to come that the Pilgrim Fathers had left Stuart England And since then generation nfter generation of immigrants had crossed the Atlantic minded to tUtTI their backs for ever on Europe and its ancient ills And for more than a centUry now the Monroe doctrine warning Europe off the American Colltincnt~ had been the central pillar of American policy To many Americalls it now became startlingly apparent for the first time th)t it was the British Navy which had made the Monrut doctrine possible Indeed it was the American Secretary for WilT Colonel Stimson who reminded both Americas North and South th(lt they owed their freedom and the survival or thcr way of life to the frjendly contro] of the Royal Navy over the north Atlantic And though the wiH to isolation was deep-seated ill the social structU1e and the very constitution of the United States the tradition of liberty ran deeper still lnd the tra(lirion of liberty in the United States was the tradition of Britain--derived thence and

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10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

forays to sea but Its Intent shipS bow and the GerntartS being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916 - 31-8middot2007 menace ITequently caused major were forced 10 move Tirpitt rutshy on his attack and destroyed the political difficulties ~th the ther 50ulh to Tromso for repairs dam Russians iIUC the British trime This brought it within range

GAne the successfullirpitl

ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

II

------ -~--------

-----~ ~-

- _--shy

--------- - shy

In the United States the unveiling of the full German menace in the summer of 1940 dfcctcd the altitUde of the public ro the war almost as proroundly though less swiftly than in the British Empire The sense there of blessed isolation was natural ancient and deep-rooted Was it not to escape the wrath to come that the Pilgrim Fathers had left Stuart England And since then generation nfter generation of immigrants had crossed the Atlantic minded to tUtTI their backs for ever on Europe and its ancient ills And for more than a centUry now the Monroe doctrine warning Europe off the American Colltincnt~ had been the central pillar of American policy To many Americalls it now became startlingly apparent for the first time th)t it was the British Navy which had made the Monrut doctrine possible Indeed it was the American Secretary for WilT Colonel Stimson who reminded both Americas North and South th(lt they owed their freedom and the survival or thcr way of life to the frjendly contro] of the Royal Navy over the north Atlantic And though the wiH to isolation was deep-seated ill the social structU1e and the very constitution of the United States the tradition of liberty ran deeper still lnd the tra(lirion of liberty in the United States was the tradition of Britain--derived thence and

C

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-- -L~ ~ t c-

r ti ~LJ r C It

-----shy

-shy ---shy

---- -----

_ - --shy--- - ---shy

-------~-

c

r -

+ --------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

forays to sea but Its Intent shipS bow and the GerntartS being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916 - 31-8middot2007 menace ITequently caused major were forced 10 move Tirpitt rutshy on his attack and destroyed the political difficulties ~th the ther 50ulh to Tromso for repairs dam Russians iIUC the British trime This brought it within range

GAne the successfullirpitl

ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

II

In the United States the unveiling of the full German menace in the summer of 1940 dfcctcd the altitUde of the public ro the war almost as proroundly though less swiftly than in the British Empire The sense there of blessed isolation was natural ancient and deep-rooted Was it not to escape the wrath to come that the Pilgrim Fathers had left Stuart England And since then generation nfter generation of immigrants had crossed the Atlantic minded to tUtTI their backs for ever on Europe and its ancient ills And for more than a centUry now the Monroe doctrine warning Europe off the American Colltincnt~ had been the central pillar of American policy To many Americalls it now became startlingly apparent for the first time th)t it was the British Navy which had made the Monrut doctrine possible Indeed it was the American Secretary for WilT Colonel Stimson who reminded both Americas North and South th(lt they owed their freedom and the survival or thcr way of life to the frjendly contro] of the Royal Navy over the north Atlantic And though the wiH to isolation was deep-seated ill the social structU1e and the very constitution of the United States the tradition of liberty ran deeper still lnd the tra(lirion of liberty in the United States was the tradition of Britain--derived thence and

C

c_

-- -L~ ~ t c-

r ti ~LJ r C It

-----shy

-shy ---shy

---- -----

_ - --shy--- - ---shy

-------~-

c

r -

+ --------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

forays to sea but Its Intent shipS bow and the GerntartS being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916 - 31-8middot2007 menace ITequently caused major were forced 10 move Tirpitt rutshy on his attack and destroyed the political difficulties ~th the ther 50ulh to Tromso for repairs dam Russians iIUC the British trime This brought it within range

GAne the successfullirpitl

ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

II

-----shy

-shy ---shy

---- -----

_ - --shy--- - ---shy

-------~-

c

r -

+ --------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

forays to sea but Its Intent shipS bow and the GerntartS being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916 - 31-8middot2007 menace ITequently caused major were forced 10 move Tirpitt rutshy on his attack and destroyed the political difficulties ~th the ther 50ulh to Tromso for repairs dam Russians iIUC the British trime This brought it within range

GAne the successfullirpitl

ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

II

---- -----

_ - --shy--- - ---shy

-------~-

c

r -

+ --------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

forays to sea but Its Intent shipS bow and the GerntartS being hit and damaged pressed9middot12-1916 - 31-8middot2007 menace ITequently caused major were forced 10 move Tirpitt rutshy on his attack and destroyed the political difficulties ~th the ther 50ulh to Tromso for repairs dam Russians iIUC the British trime This brought it within range

GAne the successfullirpitl

ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

II

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10 Readers are Invited to submit obituaries of 475 or 810 words llich should include dates of birth and death Send adisk or hard copy to The f Obituaries

IObituaries 250 Spencer Street Melbourne 3000 Email flfeandfimestheagecomau I

Unique air commander who sank Hitlers menalti naaIstrategy in the European released by Taits bomb almcr is on the Kembs Dam on the theatre The battleship made few believed to haw hit the battleshy

WlWE TIRPITZ TAlI Rhine and despite hIs aircraftBOMBER COMMANOER

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ROUP Cnptrun V1l1ie mlnlsllil WInstOn Churchil bull of RAP Losslemouth In the aUnck TaIt now two more opershyThil ynose brilliant pressed Incessantly for Trrpitts north of Scntland and on Octomiddot atJons berom being grounded on career as a bomber destruction ber 29 Tait led 37 Lnncasicrs on December 15 having nOI 101 commander in Wodd During 1942 RAF RMF and a second attack but bad weather bombing operations

War II included attacking he Fleet Air Arm bombers made meant no hits were recorded Tail remained in the MF most demanding and difficult several attempts to destroy the Under intense polltlcaJ afler the war and served In tmyets most memorahly his dead~ sbip in German pons and pressure to dispose of11rpirz 28 SouthmiddotEast tum India the hrec attacks against the German Norwegian fiords but managed Lancasters attacked again on Middle East and Singapore battleship TIrpitz has died He to immobillse the battleship only November 11 This time the before retiring as n group captain was 90 temporariJy weather was clear and no In 1964

By the end of he war he had By 1944 TirpilZ had sailed to German fighters intelVlmCd Tall A determined man and an nO11 more than 100 opemtlons northern Norway out of range of attaclad fUSt and hfs Tallboy hlt Inspiring leader and pilot Tail in which he wns 8wruted RAF bombers oPerating (rom he ship another airernft also ts described by Cheshires uniquely four Distinguished BrlLish airfields Camel-borne scored It direct hit and here 35 blogropher AndreW Boyle DS a 5frVice Orders and two Fleet Air Arm aircraft made a n violent internal explOSion and 1940 when he bombed Oslo of two Austmllan Lancaster tall t1loughtful man llith light Di1tinguished fl)ing Crosses number of daring attacks as the the huge battleship capsized airfield In It hitler Next he squadrons bro11 eyes that look through

His commanding ufficer recshy battleship wa5 moored in KIla IIih great loss of life anacbd tareets in Germany he [n May 19laquo Tail returned 10 Dnd beyOnd one A man of few ommended him ror the Victoria Aom but no decisive damage Tait earned tlIcnlckname flew on the filS rlid on flaly operations as a master bomber words but words that countmiddot Cross for his sustained gallanshy was Inflicted In September Tirpitz and there vas great wnen a force or Whltleys crossed in No5 Group and on the night lie was also a strict dlsclpllshytry over almost five years of 1944 an ambitious plan was relief in political and nuvru the Alps In a thunderstorm to before D-Day he clrdcd narlzn and consummate constant operations instead he devised for LnncaSter bombcn clrtles that The Beast as bomb Turin and on August 25 Cherbowg and controlled a force proffS$lonal WlS awarded a third bar to his 10 strike from RUSSian airfields Churchill had dubbed the battleshy he nC1I on the first raid on of 200 Lancasters attacking the M~r leaving the RAP he DSO for his conspicuous bravshy un the Kola Peninsula Tait who ship had fmall ceased to be a Berlin Various other missions coastal gun battery at St Pierre tmlned IS It computer programshyerr and e(Ireme devotion to had recently taken over No 617 threat aftet morc than two ~elIlS ranged (rom Malta and soutlIem du Mont which posed a serious mer before Orldng for tCL and dill In he face of ho enemy Squadron (of Dambusters fame) of effort to neutralise it [[aly to II daring daylight raid on threat 10 the American landings ScoWsh WidOvs In Intet years making hIm Ihe only airman from leonard Cheshire Vc was lames Brian Tail knOI to KirJ all Utah Beach The emplaceshy he read widely and was passionshyduring World War II 10 be appolntfld to lead the force bomber crews as Willie was He also flew on aU three of ment was eliminated ate about the music of Schuberr awarded Ihe USO four times carrying new12000-pound born In Manchester and the Thousand Bomber Raids In Tall assumed command of especially hIs lieder researching

The spectre of he 42900-ton Tallboy bombs designed by attended Welllngborough School the spring of 1942 wItHe officially No 617 Squadron in Tuly The in great detail the backgtound to TIrpilZ emerging into the AlIanllcmiddot Bames Wallis He graduated as a pilot from on restu

bull squadron speclalJscd in low-leVel more than 400 of them to cause haOc among convoys On September 15 a force o( RAP College CranvclI in 1936 Alsohen not required to fly laJBct marking and preciSion Tait married in 1945 a WMP C3IT)ing viml supplies and 27 Lancasters took off for K33 and joined a bomber squadron (as base operations officer at attltks Shortly before the final officer Betty Plumroer who IIOOPS particularly the crucial Fiord and despito the battleshy Due to an Injury he did not Waddington) he new nine raid on the Tirpitz he Jed six died In 1990 he is survived by a COOOS to Russia dominated shlps smokescreen a Tallboy fly his first operation until April missions lith the Junior crews Lancasters on a daylight attack son and tvo daughters IElEGRAPH

Then Wing Commander Willie Tat1 (fed from IIgf1t) and his crew after tile sucteSSful lilpilIrid artists Impression of the raid (top rigllt) and lite rapsized battleship

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where a vessel was built ana if she beJoDsred to a maor bouse au cou a most cerra y name el owners v rake co ours or just by the stt of the SUperstnllture for there lurked in shipowners a strange assortment of memories of (hips past family rradilions agd nationill tastes that alwa s found their Va into the look and com osition of t bull rom a bi ouse any ow e

tak indivi ua consi eration because each was a new source of ride and Jeastire in its hme there wasnt a merchantman of consequence that one oar cd t t didnt somehow convey the whole overlay of shipping as it had been fOr the past centUry

It was not just tbe lingering Victorianism of many of the interiors but the many forms in brass and teak the nooks and cnmnis ilia I had no rhyme or reason for their existence any more thaD do Ibe cupolS and alcoves of a garden gazebo the very resilience of the white plank ing of the decks and the look of the windows and scutrles and hull plates as they nowed in sheer that ravelled togetber such a comfortgt ing presence What we fell about ships was a mood drawn rom the way they were inside and out the way they sat upon the water a curious combination of our then sense of distance Ihe time that if took to cross Ihe seas of rhe balance of the world tbe way it conshynected nnd held [ogelll1r not immutable but slow-(hanging AboveshyaU what one felt 3S the soundness of them and the imprfSSion [h~1 they were put togelher with the best of everything

Ships after aU were are the buildings of the water lind they grew in much the same 3) md ith milch Ihe same care and faddishness as the buildings of the land from rough crude wooden structures inro the feudal caslles o the Armadas galleons passing to the bllonfll piles of the East Indiamen and 011 to the pleasure pallltes of this century At its finest Ihe architecture of the sea has often rivalled nnd exceeded the richness and splendour of the lands even though perishable and beyond its time usually tracelessbullIt is quite asloniihmiddot ing to rellect that in our own day we have seen many of the largcs and most sumptuous structures ever buill by man but which hac Iud I life often of less than a decade I am Ihinking of (ourre of shipgt like Conte di Savoia RexNarmandie BremtI and ErJprrss 01 Britain aU built in the thiruts and which were casualties of the W3r years

Then thCl Andalusian caliph Abdmiddotar-rahman Tn in the tenth CtlI

tury began building what Gerald Brenan in his Face at Spain I scribed as possibly the largest and most iu)Urious palace evCl1 built Hf

any age the Mediterranean was ransacked for precious malrrials III a similar fashion the entire globe was scoured for materials for 1111 great liners which were stinted nothing The decorative woods 11

JiaT) loss as the fatbom ~oes is the magnificent ninetcclllhltennuy lrtwork Tho new metric diuS look functional and bare by mmshy

p1I150n The old ones were works of art a delight 10 llandle often bellUtifully illustrafed especially wbell the coast concerned was a wild and largely unfamiliar one and precise delicate drawings were proided of the offshore view to assist the mariner J oflen found myselI at moments when I felt a need for diversion ascending to the bridge and its chartroom section and there browsing among the charts and admiring them in Ibtir glory and variety fOl perhaps Ihe- lI5t time Stored in wide leak drawers and held there in line white canvas holders the act of retrieving them alone was a pleasure I suppose that in another fifteen years theyH be auctioning these same CUlV3S portfolios filled witb lhe old charts at Sothebys

~ Vh31 we will not be able to retrieve at SOlhehrs will be our Uing ~ md romantic SCIISt of ships I was aware of this whenever I was beset

by the urge to escape from the sealedmiddotin mood of Atdshds accomshymodaflon and soughl brief relief outside [rom rhe structural exterior of the ship Only al tbe few wooden rails aboJrd did one lOuch SOllIeshything of the old fabric of ships One wandered alllong high walls of steel lind sometimes be various mahcmalical compositions of the functional decks piled lllOP each other held ones Intercsr but it looked as stripped of aU but essential detail as 3 poslerpainled sbip

OIl of the cbnrnlS of the l1l1 in our lime and for generations back has been the continuous individuality of ships They represented in the Dge of the ship-owning families now rapidly c~liring the decemshytivcfmcies and often eccentric whims of the owners Who saw their ships as an extellsion of meir own personalities life styles dreams and ideas Such men headed tbe North European dynasties modes or large which from the middle of the last century co the middle of Ihis one commanded tbe bulk of world shipping from their siolid family scatS neal the Mersey the Tync or the Thames or 31 Ibe hetd of some NDrwegian fjord on anisand in the Gulf of Betllnia or on dlC southern shores of the Baltic Many of their forrunes grew frolll seashytring grandparents who in (he decades following the Nupoleonlr w3fSand the collapse of the East India Company monopolies when the indusrrill blse of Britain and the rest of Europe was rapidly expanding owned a barque or brigantine and put the profits into a second and third vessel and wbose sons deployed the inheritance ioto Mcam

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Abolc Tile twin and oI Iundruple 14-inch turrets strike was made with the fOrpcdocs set to II of the KinS Gcorgc V Conl3er and this lime the Swordiish found the s Irained on the bellrn 10 right target In spite of a witherillg fire rrom ra~ujd flOOding In II bad hcad sea f05-mm down 10 w-mm guns the SWQrdfish h

managed to get two hits one on the armor and IT

one right art The second wrecked the steering SI

gclr and jammed the rudders leaving the giant 0

ship Clrecring helple~sly in circ1~ lIntil she w

I 1S5Iowed down and steered On the propellers m ThroughoUl the night the Bismarcs crew slJ worked to free the rudders ror their livcs ir

Ibull depended on it divers might have gon(~ OVcr ~t

the side with cltplosivCo to blow the lIIJftll I ~ r wrcckage away but the rough wl-llhltr pilI i III

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where a vessel was built ana if she beJoDsred to a maor bouse au cou a most cerra y name el owners v rake co ours or just by the stt of the SUperstnllture for there lurked in shipowners a strange assortment of memories of (hips past family rradilions agd nationill tastes that alwa s found their Va into the look and com osition of t bull rom a bi ouse any ow e

tak indivi ua consi eration because each was a new source of ride and Jeastire in its hme there wasnt a merchantman of consequence that one oar cd t t didnt somehow convey the whole overlay of shipping as it had been fOr the past centUry

It was not just tbe lingering Victorianism of many of the interiors but the many forms in brass and teak the nooks and cnmnis ilia I had no rhyme or reason for their existence any more thaD do Ibe cupolS and alcoves of a garden gazebo the very resilience of the white plank ing of the decks and the look of the windows and scutrles and hull plates as they nowed in sheer that ravelled togetber such a comfortgt ing presence What we fell about ships was a mood drawn rom the way they were inside and out the way they sat upon the water a curious combination of our then sense of distance Ihe time that if took to cross Ihe seas of rhe balance of the world tbe way it conshynected nnd held [ogelll1r not immutable but slow-(hanging AboveshyaU what one felt 3S the soundness of them and the imprfSSion [h~1 they were put togelher with the best of everything

Ships after aU were are the buildings of the water lind they grew in much the same 3) md ith milch Ihe same care and faddishness as the buildings of the land from rough crude wooden structures inro the feudal caslles o the Armadas galleons passing to the bllonfll piles of the East Indiamen and 011 to the pleasure pallltes of this century At its finest Ihe architecture of the sea has often rivalled nnd exceeded the richness and splendour of the lands even though perishable and beyond its time usually tracelessbullIt is quite asloniihmiddot ing to rellect that in our own day we have seen many of the largcs and most sumptuous structures ever buill by man but which hac Iud I life often of less than a decade I am Ihinking of (ourre of shipgt like Conte di Savoia RexNarmandie BremtI and ErJprrss 01 Britain aU built in the thiruts and which were casualties of the W3r years

Then thCl Andalusian caliph Abdmiddotar-rahman Tn in the tenth CtlI

tury began building what Gerald Brenan in his Face at Spain I scribed as possibly the largest and most iu)Urious palace evCl1 built Hf

any age the Mediterranean was ransacked for precious malrrials III a similar fashion the entire globe was scoured for materials for 1111 great liners which were stinted nothing The decorative woods 11

JiaT) loss as the fatbom ~oes is the magnificent ninetcclllhltennuy lrtwork Tho new metric diuS look functional and bare by mmshy

p1I150n The old ones were works of art a delight 10 llandle often bellUtifully illustrafed especially wbell the coast concerned was a wild and largely unfamiliar one and precise delicate drawings were proided of the offshore view to assist the mariner J oflen found myselI at moments when I felt a need for diversion ascending to the bridge and its chartroom section and there browsing among the charts and admiring them in Ibtir glory and variety fOl perhaps Ihe- lI5t time Stored in wide leak drawers and held there in line white canvas holders the act of retrieving them alone was a pleasure I suppose that in another fifteen years theyH be auctioning these same CUlV3S portfolios filled witb lhe old charts at Sothebys

~ Vh31 we will not be able to retrieve at SOlhehrs will be our Uing ~ md romantic SCIISt of ships I was aware of this whenever I was beset

by the urge to escape from the sealedmiddotin mood of Atdshds accomshymodaflon and soughl brief relief outside [rom rhe structural exterior of the ship Only al tbe few wooden rails aboJrd did one lOuch SOllIeshything of the old fabric of ships One wandered alllong high walls of steel lind sometimes be various mahcmalical compositions of the functional decks piled lllOP each other held ones Intercsr but it looked as stripped of aU but essential detail as 3 poslerpainled sbip

OIl of the cbnrnlS of the l1l1 in our lime and for generations back has been the continuous individuality of ships They represented in the Dge of the ship-owning families now rapidly c~liring the decemshytivcfmcies and often eccentric whims of the owners Who saw their ships as an extellsion of meir own personalities life styles dreams and ideas Such men headed tbe North European dynasties modes or large which from the middle of the last century co the middle of Ihis one commanded tbe bulk of world shipping from their siolid family scatS neal the Mersey the Tync or the Thames or 31 Ibe hetd of some NDrwegian fjord on anisand in the Gulf of Betllnia or on dlC southern shores of the Baltic Many of their forrunes grew frolll seashytring grandparents who in (he decades following the Nupoleonlr w3fSand the collapse of the East India Company monopolies when the indusrrill blse of Britain and the rest of Europe was rapidly expanding owned a barque or brigantine and put the profits into a second and third vessel and wbose sons deployed the inheritance ioto Mcam

While it wasnt always easy to identify every one of the hundredS ur tramps and minor merchantmen that wandered Ihe seas twenty Ihlrty (orcy years ago you could usuall) leU nationality OT a [ least

137

L

---------------- --- -------

where a vessel was built ana if she beJoDsred to a maor bouse au cou a most cerra y name el owners v rake co ours or just by the stt of the SUperstnllture for there lurked in shipowners a strange assortment of memories of (hips past family rradilions agd nationill tastes that alwa s found their Va into the look and com osition of t bull rom a bi ouse any ow e

tak indivi ua consi eration because each was a new source of ride and Jeastire in its hme there wasnt a merchantman of consequence that one oar cd t t didnt somehow convey the whole overlay of shipping as it had been fOr the past centUry

It was not just tbe lingering Victorianism of many of the interiors but the many forms in brass and teak the nooks and cnmnis ilia I had no rhyme or reason for their existence any more thaD do Ibe cupolS and alcoves of a garden gazebo the very resilience of the white plank ing of the decks and the look of the windows and scutrles and hull plates as they nowed in sheer that ravelled togetber such a comfortgt ing presence What we fell about ships was a mood drawn rom the way they were inside and out the way they sat upon the water a curious combination of our then sense of distance Ihe time that if took to cross Ihe seas of rhe balance of the world tbe way it conshynected nnd held [ogelll1r not immutable but slow-(hanging AboveshyaU what one felt 3S the soundness of them and the imprfSSion [h~1 they were put togelher with the best of everything

Ships after aU were are the buildings of the water lind they grew in much the same 3) md ith milch Ihe same care and faddishness as the buildings of the land from rough crude wooden structures inro the feudal caslles o the Armadas galleons passing to the bllonfll piles of the East Indiamen and 011 to the pleasure pallltes of this century At its finest Ihe architecture of the sea has often rivalled nnd exceeded the richness and splendour of the lands even though perishable and beyond its time usually tracelessbullIt is quite asloniihmiddot ing to rellect that in our own day we have seen many of the largcs and most sumptuous structures ever buill by man but which hac Iud I life often of less than a decade I am Ihinking of (ourre of shipgt like Conte di Savoia RexNarmandie BremtI and ErJprrss 01 Britain aU built in the thiruts and which were casualties of the W3r years

Then thCl Andalusian caliph Abdmiddotar-rahman Tn in the tenth CtlI

tury began building what Gerald Brenan in his Face at Spain I scribed as possibly the largest and most iu)Urious palace evCl1 built Hf

any age the Mediterranean was ransacked for precious malrrials III a similar fashion the entire globe was scoured for materials for 1111 great liners which were stinted nothing The decorative woods 11

JiaT) loss as the fatbom ~oes is the magnificent ninetcclllhltennuy lrtwork Tho new metric diuS look functional and bare by mmshy

p1I150n The old ones were works of art a delight 10 llandle often bellUtifully illustrafed especially wbell the coast concerned was a wild and largely unfamiliar one and precise delicate drawings were proided of the offshore view to assist the mariner J oflen found myselI at moments when I felt a need for diversion ascending to the bridge and its chartroom section and there browsing among the charts and admiring them in Ibtir glory and variety fOl perhaps Ihe- lI5t time Stored in wide leak drawers and held there in line white canvas holders the act of retrieving them alone was a pleasure I suppose that in another fifteen years theyH be auctioning these same CUlV3S portfolios filled witb lhe old charts at Sothebys

~ Vh31 we will not be able to retrieve at SOlhehrs will be our Uing ~ md romantic SCIISt of ships I was aware of this whenever I was beset

by the urge to escape from the sealedmiddotin mood of Atdshds accomshymodaflon and soughl brief relief outside [rom rhe structural exterior of the ship Only al tbe few wooden rails aboJrd did one lOuch SOllIeshything of the old fabric of ships One wandered alllong high walls of steel lind sometimes be various mahcmalical compositions of the functional decks piled lllOP each other held ones Intercsr but it looked as stripped of aU but essential detail as 3 poslerpainled sbip

OIl of the cbnrnlS of the l1l1 in our lime and for generations back has been the continuous individuality of ships They represented in the Dge of the ship-owning families now rapidly c~liring the decemshytivcfmcies and often eccentric whims of the owners Who saw their ships as an extellsion of meir own personalities life styles dreams and ideas Such men headed tbe North European dynasties modes or large which from the middle of the last century co the middle of Ihis one commanded tbe bulk of world shipping from their siolid family scatS neal the Mersey the Tync or the Thames or 31 Ibe hetd of some NDrwegian fjord on anisand in the Gulf of Betllnia or on dlC southern shores of the Baltic Many of their forrunes grew frolll seashytring grandparents who in (he decades following the Nupoleonlr w3fSand the collapse of the East India Company monopolies when the indusrrill blse of Britain and the rest of Europe was rapidly expanding owned a barque or brigantine and put the profits into a second and third vessel and wbose sons deployed the inheritance ioto Mcam

While it wasnt always easy to identify every one of the hundredS ur tramps and minor merchantmen that wandered Ihe seas twenty Ihlrty (orcy years ago you could usuall) leU nationality OT a [ least

137

L

JiaT) loss as the fatbom ~oes is the magnificent ninetcclllhltennuy lrtwork Tho new metric diuS look functional and bare by mmshy

p1I150n The old ones were works of art a delight 10 llandle often bellUtifully illustrafed especially wbell the coast concerned was a wild and largely unfamiliar one and precise delicate drawings were proided of the offshore view to assist the mariner J oflen found myselI at moments when I felt a need for diversion ascending to the bridge and its chartroom section and there browsing among the charts and admiring them in Ibtir glory and variety fOl perhaps Ihe- lI5t time Stored in wide leak drawers and held there in line white canvas holders the act of retrieving them alone was a pleasure I suppose that in another fifteen years theyH be auctioning these same CUlV3S portfolios filled witb lhe old charts at Sothebys

~ Vh31 we will not be able to retrieve at SOlhehrs will be our Uing ~ md romantic SCIISt of ships I was aware of this whenever I was beset

by the urge to escape from the sealedmiddotin mood of Atdshds accomshymodaflon and soughl brief relief outside [rom rhe structural exterior of the ship Only al tbe few wooden rails aboJrd did one lOuch SOllIeshything of the old fabric of ships One wandered alllong high walls of steel lind sometimes be various mahcmalical compositions of the functional decks piled lllOP each other held ones Intercsr but it looked as stripped of aU but essential detail as 3 poslerpainled sbip

OIl of the cbnrnlS of the l1l1 in our lime and for generations back has been the continuous individuality of ships They represented in the Dge of the ship-owning families now rapidly c~liring the decemshytivcfmcies and often eccentric whims of the owners Who saw their ships as an extellsion of meir own personalities life styles dreams and ideas Such men headed tbe North European dynasties modes or large which from the middle of the last century co the middle of Ihis one commanded tbe bulk of world shipping from their siolid family scatS neal the Mersey the Tync or the Thames or 31 Ibe hetd of some NDrwegian fjord on anisand in the Gulf of Betllnia or on dlC southern shores of the Baltic Many of their forrunes grew frolll seashytring grandparents who in (he decades following the Nupoleonlr w3fSand the collapse of the East India Company monopolies when the indusrrill blse of Britain and the rest of Europe was rapidly expanding owned a barque or brigantine and put the profits into a second and third vessel and wbose sons deployed the inheritance ioto Mcam

While it wasnt always easy to identify every one of the hundredS ur tramps and minor merchantmen that wandered Ihe seas twenty Ihlrty (orcy years ago you could usuall) leU nationality OT a [ least

137

L

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sion The overall commander was Admirul Gunlher Uhjens fiying his Hag in the Bismarck The dernrture signalled the star of a desperate double hun Ihe Germans for fal helpless convoys he BriLish for the predators During Ihe following nine crilical days every weapon of search destruemiddot tion and deceil VdS to be employed in the grelIcst pursuit and counlcrshypursui since the doys of Villeneuve and Nelson 135 YC1rs earlier

Atlhe outsel nippy Intelligence on the Drilish side weighted the advanshytages against Liitjens But il was panly Ihe Admirals own fault for sicumshying Ihrough Ihe narrOw wuers of the Kallegat and Skaggcmk in broad da)liglu and unneccssllrily cluSe 1(1 the Scandinavian shore whcrc agcnts worked for Ihe Allied cnuse Their passage was al once reported by Ihe navalllllllehc in Stockholm lind hi concClled radio in NorwlIY and as

passed urgently to Admiral John Tovey CmiddotinmiddotC British Home Aeel at Seapa Flow in the Orkney Islands

A dS later on 21 May a speCially elluippoo reconnaissance high-level Spitfire- pholographed two warships in Bergen harbour The Germans never even saw the Spillire in its blue-underwing camouflage III 25000 feet and it was cre~lming for home nnd beyond interception before radnr picked II up For Luticns to he in dnylj~hlllt the Norwegian port closeSI to Brilain was aimosl hke trailing his coal fhe nelit day nnother reconshynansanee over Bergen this time ill Jltra 1(Imiddot1c~middotel revealed Ihallhe Gershymans hud leO

DuringthebrierslayUl Bergen Ihe prill= FUf1II had oiled from I lanker The Bism(mk failed 10 do so for reaSOns no one has explained Both ships painted OUI IhCJr jazz) camouflage wilh Royal NUvy drab grey 10 confuse the cncm berore heading nOrlh

The luck swung towards Liiljcns hen Ihe weather dampeu down on Iht~c northern Valers and he sLeamed on unseen wilh Ihe Prill pound111111

11111 agilln foully Intclligence leI him down lind lhis time II was nol hili 01111 lterman nir reconnaissance of Scapa Flow appeared 10 rcvcal three

If _Ipltal ships deluding the Admiral thallhc main units oflhe Brilish ficci ~ ~n 1111 111 Ihclr ha~c_ Two of Ihe ships were wooden dummies

11111111 ltl1lllmllCd Ihllnkfully on his long northwllrd and circuilou~ bull Illwaf(Imiddot Ihe 111lIlIic shippinglane$ encouraged by further false 11l1I1Illmli Ihbull1 lllIlll1el p wcrful Rritish group Force H III Gibrallar

I III Ihll 1 1110 11111 ~klllh1I mc1Il WII h Ih carrier Ark RiIIill It Wl

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uboatnet - Allied Warships - Rescue tug HMS llendon Page 1 of I

I-JMS Hendon Rescue tug

Navv The Type

Class

Pennant Built by ~C Nt0D~V ~o0 ltS04 --(- ~-dJ)S Ordered FQA 0 ( e 7e () v l c Laid down Launched 1924 Commissioned 21 Mar 1940 End service 3 Jul 1942 Loss position

History Displacement 241 tons Sc Id-

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~

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~s ~~ ~gt ~ ~~~fJRC( ~ Q----II--ed lo- ~ ~~-~ -~_ OoD ~t j ~ tb ~ ~AR(_

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Bismarck

sion The overall commander was Admirul Gunlher Uhjens fiying his Hag in the Bismarck The dernrture signalled the star of a desperate double hun Ihe Germans for fal helpless convoys he BriLish for the predators During Ihe following nine crilical days every weapon of search destruemiddot tion and deceil VdS to be employed in the grelIcst pursuit and counlcrshypursui since the doys of Villeneuve and Nelson 135 YC1rs earlier

Atlhe outsel nippy Intelligence on the Drilish side weighted the advanshytages against Liitjens But il was panly Ihe Admirals own fault for sicumshying Ihrough Ihe narrOw wuers of the Kallegat and Skaggcmk in broad da)liglu and unneccssllrily cluSe 1(1 the Scandinavian shore whcrc agcnts worked for Ihe Allied cnuse Their passage was al once reported by Ihe navalllllllehc in Stockholm lind hi concClled radio in NorwlIY and as

passed urgently to Admiral John Tovey CmiddotinmiddotC British Home Aeel at Seapa Flow in the Orkney Islands

A dS later on 21 May a speCially elluippoo reconnaissance high-level Spitfire- pholographed two warships in Bergen harbour The Germans never even saw the Spillire in its blue-underwing camouflage III 25000 feet and it was cre~lming for home nnd beyond interception before radnr picked II up For Luticns to he in dnylj~hlllt the Norwegian port closeSI to Brilain was aimosl hke trailing his coal fhe nelit day nnother reconshynansanee over Bergen this time ill Jltra 1(Imiddot1c~middotel revealed Ihallhe Gershymans hud leO

DuringthebrierslayUl Bergen Ihe prill= FUf1II had oiled from I lanker The Bism(mk failed 10 do so for reaSOns no one has explained Both ships painted OUI IhCJr jazz) camouflage wilh Royal NUvy drab grey 10 confuse the cncm berore heading nOrlh

The luck swung towards Liiljcns hen Ihe weather dampeu down on Iht~c northern Valers and he sLeamed on unseen wilh Ihe Prill pound111111

11111 agilln foully Intclligence leI him down lind lhis time II was nol hili 01111 lterman nir reconnaissance of Scapa Flow appeared 10 rcvcal three

If _Ipltal ships deluding the Admiral thallhc main units oflhe Brilish ficci ~ ~n 1111 111 Ihclr ha~c_ Two of Ihe ships were wooden dummies

11111111 ltl1lllmllCd Ihllnkfully on his long northwllrd and circuilou~ bull Illwaf(Imiddot Ihe 111lIlIic shippinglane$ encouraged by further false 11l1I1Illmli Ihbull1 lllIlll1el p wcrful Rritish group Force H III Gibrallar

I III Ihll 1 1110 11111 ~klllh1I mc1Il WII h Ih carrier Ark RiIIill It Wl

1111 II Ih It Ihlll I hI YmiddotIIIII IIlIIIII III faIlir If Ihe Germangt for tI III 11111 1111 111111 n p1I1 Ihu VllIjl 1l1lwelIlhe (irccnmiddot I I 111111111 111111 It It hi II IIII 1 III III 11111111 II It lIlh

bull It H Itl It h Jut t Imiddot rhtfl lu fhth tit dlllln

uboatnet - Allied Warships - Rescue tug HMS llendon Page 1 of I

I-JMS Hendon Rescue tug

Navv The Type

Class

Pennant Built by ~C Nt0D~V ~o0 ltS04 --(- ~-dJ)S Ordered FQA 0 ( e 7e () v l c Laid down Launched 1924 Commissioned 21 Mar 1940 End service 3 Jul 1942 Loss position

History Displacement 241 tons Sc Id-

You can help improve this page Click here to ~lhnll n n1 II~ ~ tl ij

Please use this if you spot mistakes or want to Improve this ships page

1~on(llIIH ~on

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~

Ji~

~~

Bismarck

sion The overall commander was Admirul Gunlher Uhjens fiying his Hag in the Bismarck The dernrture signalled the star of a desperate double hun Ihe Germans for fal helpless convoys he BriLish for the predators During Ihe following nine crilical days every weapon of search destruemiddot tion and deceil VdS to be employed in the grelIcst pursuit and counlcrshypursui since the doys of Villeneuve and Nelson 135 YC1rs earlier

Atlhe outsel nippy Intelligence on the Drilish side weighted the advanshytages against Liitjens But il was panly Ihe Admirals own fault for sicumshying Ihrough Ihe narrOw wuers of the Kallegat and Skaggcmk in broad da)liglu and unneccssllrily cluSe 1(1 the Scandinavian shore whcrc agcnts worked for Ihe Allied cnuse Their passage was al once reported by Ihe navalllllllehc in Stockholm lind hi concClled radio in NorwlIY and as

passed urgently to Admiral John Tovey CmiddotinmiddotC British Home Aeel at Seapa Flow in the Orkney Islands

A dS later on 21 May a speCially elluippoo reconnaissance high-level Spitfire- pholographed two warships in Bergen harbour The Germans never even saw the Spillire in its blue-underwing camouflage III 25000 feet and it was cre~lming for home nnd beyond interception before radnr picked II up For Luticns to he in dnylj~hlllt the Norwegian port closeSI to Brilain was aimosl hke trailing his coal fhe nelit day nnother reconshynansanee over Bergen this time ill Jltra 1(Imiddot1c~middotel revealed Ihallhe Gershymans hud leO

DuringthebrierslayUl Bergen Ihe prill= FUf1II had oiled from I lanker The Bism(mk failed 10 do so for reaSOns no one has explained Both ships painted OUI IhCJr jazz) camouflage wilh Royal NUvy drab grey 10 confuse the cncm berore heading nOrlh

The luck swung towards Liiljcns hen Ihe weather dampeu down on Iht~c northern Valers and he sLeamed on unseen wilh Ihe Prill pound111111

11111 agilln foully Intclligence leI him down lind lhis time II was nol hili 01111 lterman nir reconnaissance of Scapa Flow appeared 10 rcvcal three

If _Ipltal ships deluding the Admiral thallhc main units oflhe Brilish ficci ~ ~n 1111 111 Ihclr ha~c_ Two of Ihe ships were wooden dummies

11111111 ltl1lllmllCd Ihllnkfully on his long northwllrd and circuilou~ bull Illwaf(Imiddot Ihe 111lIlIic shippinglane$ encouraged by further false 11l1I1Illmli Ihbull1 lllIlll1el p wcrful Rritish group Force H III Gibrallar

I III Ihll 1 1110 11111 ~klllh1I mc1Il WII h Ih carrier Ark RiIIill It Wl

1111 II Ih It Ihlll I hI YmiddotIIIII IIlIIIII III faIlir If Ihe Germangt for tI III 11111 1111 111111 n p1I1 Ihu VllIjl 1l1lwelIlhe (irccnmiddot I I 111111111 111111 It It hi II IIII 1 III III 11111111 II It lIlh

bull It H Itl It h Jut t Imiddot rhtfl lu fhth tit dlllln

uboatnet - Allied Warships - Rescue tug HMS llendon Page 1 of I

I-JMS Hendon Rescue tug

Navv The Type

Class

Pennant Built by ~C Nt0D~V ~o0 ltS04 --(- ~-dJ)S Ordered FQA 0 ( e 7e () v l c Laid down Launched 1924 Commissioned 21 Mar 1940 End service 3 Jul 1942 Loss position

History Displacement 241 tons Sc Id-

You can help improve this page Click here to ~lhnll n n1 II~ ~ tl ij

Please use this if you spot mistakes or want to Improve this ships page

1~on(llIIH ~on

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~

Ji~

~~

uboatnet - Allied Warships - Rescue tug HMS llendon Page 1 of I

I-JMS Hendon Rescue tug

Navv The Type

Class

Pennant Built by ~C Nt0D~V ~o0 ltS04 --(- ~-dJ)S Ordered FQA 0 ( e 7e () v l c Laid down Launched 1924 Commissioned 21 Mar 1940 End service 3 Jul 1942 Loss position

History Displacement 241 tons Sc Id-

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~~

Thursday 7Ul December 1939 D96

SS Eskdenc 11 ship built in 1934 (3829l) with a cargo of timher was reported to have been damageu by u miru ur turpedu but was still nfloat seventy miles NE oftlle Tync entrance The lugs Hendon and George V escorted by the sloop HMS Stork set oITin mid afternoon of the 6th and having to steam around minefields eventually spotted the Eskdene at 0700 on the 7th The damaged vessel was a sorry sight her slern was under wnter she had a list to starboard it appeared that it was only her deck cargo that was keeping her afloat and she had been abandoned Three of the eight crew members ofthe Hendon using the tugs boat managed to rig a tow up to the two tugs and the tow started at 0930 The escort at this time was an RAF plane HMS Stork had left shortly before

The voyage to the Tyne was hazardous to say the least they survived rain~ fog a gale that made the tow roU so badly thai the speed had to be reduced to IY2 knols their escort leaving them through the bad weather that nearly drove the vessels ashore and finally an explosion aboard the Eskdene This happened in the morning of the 8th as they were nearing the Tyne entrance as the siricken ship settled further down in the water it was decided to make a dash for ii ultimately passing between the piers at 1130 and finishing the task of beaching her at Herd Sands South Shields at 1530 The cargo was eventually unloaded and the Eskdene refloated and repaired

In Ihe North Sea the destroyers I-IMS Juno and HMS Jersey were attacked by the German destroyers Erich Giese and Hans Lody which had been laying mines orr Cmm~r HMS Jersey was damaged by a torpedo and was towed into the Humber by the HMS Juno

Day 96 Illlimes Grr Blackout ends 0744 hegint 1609

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RMS Aquilania Page J of3

These statistics are derivcd from NRJ) Bonsor North Allantic Seaway 5 vols David amp Charles 1975-80 Cunard is covered in volume I

bull Gross Tonnage - 45647 tons bull Dimensions - 26476 x 2956m (8687 x 97ft) bull Number of funnels - 4 bull Nwnber of masts - 2 bull Construction - Sleel bull Propulsion - Quadruple-screw bull Engines - Steam turbines bull Service speed - 23 knots bull Builder - John Brown amp Co Ltd Glasgow bull Launch date - 2J April 19J3 bull Passenger accommodation - 597 Jst class 614 2nd class 2052 3rd class

The t1quilania was the longest serving Cunard liner built in the 201h century and survived service in both World Wars Originally the ship was planned to to operate on the North Atlantic servicc alongside the Lusilonill and Maureallia The contract to build the ship went to Jolm Brown amp Co and great publicity was given to the fact that it would be the largest liner in the world The Aqllilonio was launched on 21 April by the Countcss of Dcrby in front of a crowd ofover 100000 people Cunard made sure that lifeboat accommodation was provided for all those on boardt in the light of theTitonie disaster It was announ~ed in February 19] 4 that Captain William Turner would be the first master of the ship

(- The Aqulanias passenger accommodalion was superior to any1hing seen on the North Atlantic before The first class dmwing room was decorated in the Adam style copied from certain features in Landsdowne House in London The walls were adorned with prints of Engl ish seaports and portraits of Royalty and prominent people of the day The smoking room was modelled on

hnplwwwoccan-linerscomlshipsAquitaniaasp 5102007

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

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RMS Aquilania Page J of3

These statistics are derivcd from NRJ) Bonsor North Allantic Seaway 5 vols David amp Charles 1975-80 Cunard is covered in volume I

bull Gross Tonnage - 45647 tons bull Dimensions - 26476 x 2956m (8687 x 97ft) bull Number of funnels - 4 bull Nwnber of masts - 2 bull Construction - Sleel bull Propulsion - Quadruple-screw bull Engines - Steam turbines bull Service speed - 23 knots bull Builder - John Brown amp Co Ltd Glasgow bull Launch date - 2J April 19J3 bull Passenger accommodation - 597 Jst class 614 2nd class 2052 3rd class

The t1quilania was the longest serving Cunard liner built in the 201h century and survived service in both World Wars Originally the ship was planned to to operate on the North Atlantic servicc alongside the Lusilonill and Maureallia The contract to build the ship went to Jolm Brown amp Co and great publicity was given to the fact that it would be the largest liner in the world The Aqllilonio was launched on 21 April by the Countcss of Dcrby in front of a crowd ofover 100000 people Cunard made sure that lifeboat accommodation was provided for all those on boardt in the light of theTitonie disaster It was announ~ed in February 19] 4 that Captain William Turner would be the first master of the ship

(- The Aqulanias passenger accommodalion was superior to any1hing seen on the North Atlantic before The first class dmwing room was decorated in the Adam style copied from certain features in Landsdowne House in London The walls were adorned with prints of Engl ish seaports and portraits of Royalty and prominent people of the day The smoking room was modelled on

hnplwwwoccan-linerscomlshipsAquitaniaasp 5102007

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

5102007htlpVtAoccan-1 inerscomshipsIAquitaniaasp

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3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf

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RMS Aquilania Page J of3

These statistics are derivcd from NRJ) Bonsor North Allantic Seaway 5 vols David amp Charles 1975-80 Cunard is covered in volume I

bull Gross Tonnage - 45647 tons bull Dimensions - 26476 x 2956m (8687 x 97ft) bull Number of funnels - 4 bull Nwnber of masts - 2 bull Construction - Sleel bull Propulsion - Quadruple-screw bull Engines - Steam turbines bull Service speed - 23 knots bull Builder - John Brown amp Co Ltd Glasgow bull Launch date - 2J April 19J3 bull Passenger accommodation - 597 Jst class 614 2nd class 2052 3rd class

The t1quilania was the longest serving Cunard liner built in the 201h century and survived service in both World Wars Originally the ship was planned to to operate on the North Atlantic servicc alongside the Lusilonill and Maureallia The contract to build the ship went to Jolm Brown amp Co and great publicity was given to the fact that it would be the largest liner in the world The Aqllilonio was launched on 21 April by the Countcss of Dcrby in front of a crowd ofover 100000 people Cunard made sure that lifeboat accommodation was provided for all those on boardt in the light of theTitonie disaster It was announ~ed in February 19] 4 that Captain William Turner would be the first master of the ship

(- The Aqulanias passenger accommodalion was superior to any1hing seen on the North Atlantic before The first class dmwing room was decorated in the Adam style copied from certain features in Landsdowne House in London The walls were adorned with prints of Engl ish seaports and portraits of Royalty and prominent people of the day The smoking room was modelled on

hnplwwwoccan-linerscomlshipsAquitaniaasp 5102007

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

5102007htlpVtAoccan-1 inerscomshipsIAquitaniaasp

Page 1 or 1

c

3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf

II

RMS Aquilania Page J of3

These statistics are derivcd from NRJ) Bonsor North Allantic Seaway 5 vols David amp Charles 1975-80 Cunard is covered in volume I

bull Gross Tonnage - 45647 tons bull Dimensions - 26476 x 2956m (8687 x 97ft) bull Number of funnels - 4 bull Nwnber of masts - 2 bull Construction - Sleel bull Propulsion - Quadruple-screw bull Engines - Steam turbines bull Service speed - 23 knots bull Builder - John Brown amp Co Ltd Glasgow bull Launch date - 2J April 19J3 bull Passenger accommodation - 597 Jst class 614 2nd class 2052 3rd class

The t1quilania was the longest serving Cunard liner built in the 201h century and survived service in both World Wars Originally the ship was planned to to operate on the North Atlantic servicc alongside the Lusilonill and Maureallia The contract to build the ship went to Jolm Brown amp Co and great publicity was given to the fact that it would be the largest liner in the world The Aqllilonio was launched on 21 April by the Countcss of Dcrby in front of a crowd ofover 100000 people Cunard made sure that lifeboat accommodation was provided for all those on boardt in the light of theTitonie disaster It was announ~ed in February 19] 4 that Captain William Turner would be the first master of the ship

(- The Aqulanias passenger accommodalion was superior to any1hing seen on the North Atlantic before The first class dmwing room was decorated in the Adam style copied from certain features in Landsdowne House in London The walls were adorned with prints of Engl ish seaports and portraits of Royalty and prominent people of the day The smoking room was modelled on

hnplwwwoccan-linerscomlshipsAquitaniaasp 5102007

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

5102007htlpVtAoccan-1 inerscomshipsIAquitaniaasp

Page 1 or 1

c

3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf

RMS Aquilania Page J of3

These statistics are derivcd from NRJ) Bonsor North Allantic Seaway 5 vols David amp Charles 1975-80 Cunard is covered in volume I

bull Gross Tonnage - 45647 tons bull Dimensions - 26476 x 2956m (8687 x 97ft) bull Number of funnels - 4 bull Nwnber of masts - 2 bull Construction - Sleel bull Propulsion - Quadruple-screw bull Engines - Steam turbines bull Service speed - 23 knots bull Builder - John Brown amp Co Ltd Glasgow bull Launch date - 2J April 19J3 bull Passenger accommodation - 597 Jst class 614 2nd class 2052 3rd class

The t1quilania was the longest serving Cunard liner built in the 201h century and survived service in both World Wars Originally the ship was planned to to operate on the North Atlantic servicc alongside the Lusilonill and Maureallia The contract to build the ship went to Jolm Brown amp Co and great publicity was given to the fact that it would be the largest liner in the world The Aqllilonio was launched on 21 April by the Countcss of Dcrby in front of a crowd ofover 100000 people Cunard made sure that lifeboat accommodation was provided for all those on boardt in the light of theTitonie disaster It was announ~ed in February 19] 4 that Captain William Turner would be the first master of the ship

(- The Aqulanias passenger accommodalion was superior to any1hing seen on the North Atlantic before The first class dmwing room was decorated in the Adam style copied from certain features in Landsdowne House in London The walls were adorned with prints of Engl ish seaports and portraits of Royalty and prominent people of the day The smoking room was modelled on

hnplwwwoccan-linerscomlshipsAquitaniaasp 5102007

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

5102007htlpVtAoccan-1 inerscomshipsIAquitaniaasp

Page 1 or 1

c

3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf

RMS Aquitania Page 2 of3

Greenwich Hospital with oak puncHing and beams the restaurant was decorated in Louis XIV style and Ihe grill room was decorated in Jacobean style With public rooms of this standard and passenger cabins superior to those on previous Cunarders it was no surprise that the Aqllitollio became one of the best-known Cunard liners

The Aquilonia left Liverpool on its maiden voyage on 30 May 1914 bound for New York The tragic loss of the Empress ofIreland and 1000 of those on board the day before overshadowed this evenL TIle ship m1de two more voyages to New York before the outbreak of World War Onc It was then requisitioned by the Government to serve as an anned merchant cruiser and was converted for this role in Liverpool It was then commissioned into the Royal Navy on 7 August and its first assignment was Lo patrol the Western Approaches returning to the Mcrsey on ] 6 August

On its next voyage in this role it collided with lheLeylund ship Canadian on 22 August during thick fog and had 10 TCturnlu Liverpool The subsequent enquiry concluded thattheAquitallia was too large to be used as an armed merchant cruiser Repair work on the ship -US finished by Ule end of J914 On J8 June 1915 it was again requisitioned by thc Government this time to serve as a troopship and assist in the Gallpoli campaign On 25 June it left Liverpool with a full complemcnt of over 5000 troops on board After three voyages as a troop transport it was then converted into a hospital ship and served this role during December 1915 and January 1916

On 10 April J916 it was de-commissioned from Government service and was reconditioned by Harlund amp Wolff in order to return to Cunard service When lhis was almost complete the Government was forced to requisition the Aqllitallia once again to servo as a hospitnl ship in November) 9) 6 The ship served in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year and was lhen anchored in the Solent for the whole of 1917 The entry of the USA into the war in December J9 J7 brought the ship back into senice to transport the American Expeditionary Force After the war it was also used in the repatriation of Canadian troops

From November 1919 until June 1920 the ship undctwent an extensive refit at Armstrong lhitworth amp Co on the Tyne Whilst this was being done the oppor1unity was taken to convert the ship to oil burning as opposed to coal After trials north ofScotJand it made its nexi voyage from Liverpool to New York on 17 July After returning from this the ship was to operate on the SouthamptonshyCherbourgNew York route along with the Maureania andBerengaria During annual winter refits

_ in 192619i7 and 1928 tJte passenger accommodation was extensively modernised In 1930 it was t even used as an an gallery for one voyage

In 1932 the Aqllilania was used as a cruise ship for the first time It left New York on 3 February and cruised around the Mediterranean Further cruises on this route and New YorkBennudn roule were accomplished later in the yenr In November the ship underwent considerable internal reconstruction First class accommodation was reduced to 650 tourist class was enlarged but the passenger accommodation reduced to 600 and third class was altered to cater for 950 passengers A1J public rooms were renovated and a theatre was added For the rest oflhe period up untiJ the Second World War it continued a mixture of Atlantic crossings and cruises

The Aquilaia was then requisitioned as a troop trunspon on 21 November 1939 At first it was used to transport Canadian troops During )940 it underwent a refit in America and was defensivel~ anned with six inch guns From March onwards it was bascd in Sydney transporting Australian and New ZeBJand troops aiso

c

ffi8king two passages between Pearl Harbour QJld San fmnsisco For the remainder of the war it was employed on the Allantic and a iter the war had ended in the repatriation on Canadian and American troops Later it was also used to to carry the wives and children of Canadian servicemen over to Canada

On ] April J948 it was released by the Ministry ofTrnnsport and returned to Cunard It was then chartered by the Canadian Govcrnment to carry Canadian emigrants between Southampton and

5102007htlpVtAoccan-1 inerscomshipsIAquitaniaasp

Page 1 or 1

c

3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf

Page 1 or 1

c

3062008

• Laird 1pdf
• laird 2pdf
• laird 3pdf