The Age of Industrialization*

ContentsA) Industrialization 1850s-1950s contrast between the form of industrialization in Britain and IndiaB)Relationship between handicrafts and industrial production, formal and informal sectorsC)Livelihood of workersD) Case studies: Britain and India*

Proto- industrialization Early form of industrialization*

Guild:-

A group of craftsman who follow same craft rules to protect the interest of its member*

Victorian BritainBritain during the period of Queen Victoria*

Night RefugeesNight shelter for homeless people*

VagrantA PERSON WHO HAS NO REGULAR JOB OR PERMANENT HOME*

GOMASTHAAn agent of the East India Company to supervise weavers and collect supplies*

Objectives-To discuss two different patterns of industrialization, one in the imperial country and the other within a colony-Show the relationship between different sectors of production-Students should be able to explain the difference between life of workers in England and Indian weavers-To make the students to know about the proto industrialization in which merchants from towns and cities started to move towards the countryside-Students should be able to understand the reasons of movement of villagers for livelihood in the towns and cities*

Industrial Revolution in other Parts of EuropeIt spread to France, Italy, Belgium between 1825-1830 In other countries it spread during 1850 and 1870 Industrialization spread at the expense of domestic handicrafts. New workingClass came upImprovements, ventions,researches,experiments were made.Many new industries emerged like iron and steel,glass,pottery,building etc.Life style of workers was changing*

Impact of IndustrializationIt increased National wealth, capitalism and international economic dependence.{For example-England was dependent on its colonies for raw materials to feed its industries] change in life style, increase in trade was seen. There was improvment in the standard of living *

Effects on Social LifeMigration of labour or working class to cities and towns .their living conditions were poor.Increase in population and unemployment was also there in many cities.*

Difference between the Industrialization In Britain and IndiaBritain used its own capital but in India foreign capital was used in large industries.Britain established heavy industries.India saw no development in this field because of British rulePolicies Of Britain were against the development of industries in India.*

India and Modern IndustriesAfter 1850 two industries were established.These were cotton and jute textile mills. Others were iron and steel, cement, paper, rubber, sugar, glass, chemical, tanning and furniture.*

Handicrafts of indiaIt was present in indian villages and the towns even before the British rule. Indian crafts were famous in Europe. The British ruined it. This happened because of industrial policies of British. British wanted to protect its own industries.*

Handicraft and industrial productionThe British tried to destroy handicraft. No help was given to it. But after the British rule was over. Our government is trying to promote handicrafts. Many items have been reserved for small scale and cottage industries.It is also providing employment to many people *

Livelihood of the WorkersBecause of industrial revolution two classes were created1)Capitalists 2)Working Class. They had differences between them. So, trade unions& labours laws were made for the improvement of labour class in later stage*

*

THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION

The Pre-Industrial Revolution Economy had two prime Modes of Earning

Agriculture

Cottage Industry

Certain changes like given as under

changed this centuries old arrangement

Discoveries Invention Enclosure

Government Capital Colonial Makers

of new lands Movement

policies & Raw Material

Created favourable conditions for Industrial Revolution

Factory System

Use of Machine

Large scale production began Initially the use of machine was very

With greater use of traditional limited but grew with passage of time and

Resources. and contributed copiously in growth of

Capital from trade

Industry Miserable life

Workers from Villages

of workers

Raw Material from

Colonies

FACTORY

Immense rise in production of goods bringing huge profits

Industrial growth was further prompted by greed of capitalists resulted in various

EFFECT

Mother Countries

Colonies

Workers

Became richer and Richer

exploitation of workers gave birth

their Greed for more resulted in

ideologies like Communism and

1st World War ultimately

Socialism

Their raw material was Their Markets became Their labour was Their own industry was

Exploited to be used markets for products of used to produce for destroyed to give way to

In industries of the producers of

MOTHER COUNTRY

Later faint beginning of industrial development stated in colonial

INDIA AS A CASE OF COLONIAL ECONOMYInitially industries in colonies faced a tough competition with well established industries of mother countryTheir first industrial workers were the villagers, poor city dwellers and poor women & childrenIndia as a colony had some remarkable entrepreneur such as Dwarkanath tagore, J.N.Tata and BiralasThey used religious & historical figures as levels for marketingLater when the national struggle gathered momentum the swadeshi themes were included *

Contents (Learning unit 1)A) The coming up of the Factory B)The pace of industrial change

MethodologyThe lesson will be developed on the basis of previous knowledge of students with their active participationMaterial Required:----------------------------Pictures of various new machines can be used to tell the students about their invention and their roles in the production. For example-fly shuttle,waterframe,cotton gin, power loom etc

Points to be DiscussedEven before factories began to work in England and Europe, there was large scale production for an international marketTrend of merchants to move towards the villages to encourage the workers to work for them.Proto industrial system was controlled by merchants and goods were produced by a vast number of producers in their own villages

A series of inventions in the 18th century increased the productionNew machines were put in the mills so that all the processes could bring together under one roof and management

ConclusionThis unit tells us that mass production was there in the villages for international markets Inventions of machines are responsible for set up of more and more industries

Home AssingnmentQ1- What role did guilds play in towns in Britain before industrialisation?Q2- What were the features of Proto- industrialisation?

Application in lifeThe students will be able to appreciate the value of human efforts and enterprise and this enables them to find their own capabilities and their specific uses

Hot Question

ProjectStudents can be asked to collect information about the invention of new machines during the period of 1730 to1830