ILEOANAL POUCH & DIET

Karen Jackson

Dietitian RD, BSc Hons, Sports Nutrition Specialist PG Cert

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

May 2014

Function of the colon

• Re-absorbs electrolytes e.g. salt (sodium)• Re-absorb water• Forms stool• Fermentation• Synthesize & absorb vitamins

( Vit K, B12, thiamine)

Post op Guidelines• Improve nutritional status• Light, soft & low fibre• Adequate fluid & salt intake• Regular eating pattern• Re-introduce fibrous foods after 4 wks

in small quantities & well chewed• “Restore eating confidence”

What should you eat to maintain a healthy body?

• In most cases - a healthy balanced diet

• CHO (55%)

• Fat (30%)

• Protein (15%)

• 5 food groups

5 Food Groups

1. Fruit & Vegetables

2. Breads, cereals, rice, pasta & potatoes

3. Meat, fish & alternatives

4. Milk & dairy products

5. Fats & sugars

1. Fruit and Vegetables• Excellent source of many vitamins, minerals &

antioxidants• Aim for as much variety as possible• Aim for 5 or more serves every day – determine

individual tolerance

1 serve =1 medium sized fruit (eg apple, banana, peach, orange)

=2 small fruit eg satsuma, plums=2 tablespoons vegetables=1 small glass fruit juice= 1 small bowl of salad

Low Fibre High fibre Fresh tinned or stewed:

Apples, cherries, grapes, melon, banana, plums, pears, peaches, plums

(avoiding pips, skin & pith)

Carrot,beetroot,courgette lettuce, spinach, squash, pepper, swede, broccoli or cauliflower florets, skinned cucumber & tomato, turnip

Berry fruits, dried fruit, unripe bananas, kiwi fruit, grapefruit, rhubarb, mango, oranges

Beans & pulses, chick peas, split peas

Brussel sprouts, peas, mushrooms, cabbage, garlic, green beans, okra, onions, leeks & sweetcorn

2. Bread & Cereals

• Starchy foods provide us with energy

• Excellent source of fibre & B vits

• Cheap & easy to prepare

• Base each meal around

• Opt for lower fibre choices if required– eg sweet potatoes, pasta, noodles, scones,

baguettes, crackers, cous cous, rice krispies, corn flakes

3. Meat, fish & alternatives

• Protein is essential for growth & repair• Excellent sources of B vits, iron & zinc• Try to have lean & low fat versions

where possible: eg lean meat, poultry, fresh fish, oily fish, eggs, soya products, pulses, nuts

• 1 – 2 serves day (approx. 45g/11/2 oz)

4. Milk & Dairy foods

• Most abundant supply of calcium – major “at risk” nutrient

• Good sources protein & energy

• Low fat versions have the same amount of calcium

• 3 serves day = 1 glass (250ml) milk

1 pot yoghurt

1 matchbox (30g/1 oz) cheese

5. Fats & Sugars

• Limit animal fats

• Restrict fats/sugar if excess weight is a problem

• Practice good oral hygiene

• Beware of hidden fats & sugars

• Become a label reader

Fluid Intake

• Very important (rehydrate well)

• Thirst is not a good indicator of your hydration status (too late)

• Aim 8 - 10 of cups of fluid per day

• High pouch output looses water, salt & potassium

Types of fluid

• Rehydration drinks (sports drinks with added salt, dioralyte, WHO)

• Keep tea & coffee to

<4 cups/day

• Limit fruit juice & sugary/fizzy drinks

• Encourage water

Special dietary considerations

• Calcium intake

• Vitamins & minerals

• Hydration

• High energy

The Dysfunctional Pouch• erratic eating habits • high caffeine intake• high alcohol intake• high fibre diet• high fat intake• poor fluid intake• sorbital intake• irritable bowel syndrome• food intolerance• pouchitis• probiotics

Probiotics• “Friendly bacteria” in the digestive tract• Pouchitis associated with lack of “good

bugs” (Lactobacilli + Bifidobacteria)• Patients with chronic pouchitis

remained in remission after taking high dose probiotics (Gionchetti et al., (2000);

Mimura et al., (2004) )• Yoghurt, Yakult, Actimel, capsules,

powders (VSL#3)

Probiotics• Vary in their efficacy• A small increase in bloating or

flatulence when first commenced is normal

• Try to take both Bifidus & Lactobacillus and with food preferably

• Trial for several weeks - 3 months

Foods that thicken output

• rice & rice cakes• pasta (fresh) & white bread • mashed potato• apple sauce• smooth peanut butter• marshmallows & jelly cubes• banana (ripe)

Increase wind & odour• broccoli, sprouts, cabbage• onion, garlic, leeks, asparagus• beans• spicy foods • carbonated drinks• beer• eggs• differing individual tolerability

Increase pouch output• pulses & leafy vegetables• high fibre fruit & veg• wholegrain cereals• nuts & sweetcorn• alcohol, fruit juice &

caffeinated beverages• chocolate• fatty foods• food intolerance

When to use the Exclusion Diet?

• Final dietary step, –when all initial modifications have

failed to improve symptoms• Only reliable method of investigating food

intolerance• Threshold effect/dose response• Challenge beliefs• Motivated / appropriate client• Support / extra financial burden• Recipes / meal planning / access for

support

Foods that are likely to cause symptoms

• Wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, cows milk, sheeps milk, goats milk, corn oil, veg oil, onions, sweetcorn, garlic, leeks, citrus fruits, tea, coffee inc decaff, squash, sparkling mineral water & processed foods

• Foods allowed Rice,Tapioca,Sago, Millet, Buckwheat,Quinoa,Arrowroot, gram flour, soya milk, herbal tea

Exclusion Diet cont’d:

• State Registered Dietitian who is experienced / interested in food intolerance

• 2-3 week period on baseline diet• If symptoms improve proceed to reintroduction of

foods• Careful food reintroduction is crucial & support

required ++• Follow up

–At start of diet–During exclusion phase–Regularly during reintroduction phase

Optimizing Pouch Function 1

• Don’t skip meals, eat small meals regularly

• Include foods that thicken output

• Avoid eating & drinking at same time

Optimizing Pouch Function 2

• Healthy eating, freshly cooked CHO

• Fruit & veg to tolerance

• Consistent fluid intake throughout the day

• Probiotics

• Limit foods that cause irritation e.g. spicy

Optimizing Pouch Function 3

• Limit food that increases output• Limit foods that cause gas• Chew food well• If active overnight aim to finish

eating early in evening• Formal assessment from dietitian -

in exceptional cases - exclusion diet

Good nutrition and healthy eating

make a difference!

References• Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, et al. Oral

bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology (2000) 119:305–9

• Mimural T, Rizzello F, Helfwig U, Poggioli G, Schreiber S, Talbot IC, Nicholls RJ, Gionchetti P, Campieri M, Kamm MA. “Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis”. Gut (2004) 53:108-114 doi:10.1136/gut.53.1.108