Volume I TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

Part1 - Town Development Plan and Technical Procedures . . . . . . . . . ,..... . . . . . . . 1 - 16

Part1 - (cont.) Urban Tissue - Four levels of Intervention for the Stone City.. . . . .16 - 19

Part1 - (cont.) Rules for Intervention Macuti City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .20

Part11 - Project Files for Economic, Educational, Social, Cultural and Tourism Functions:

1. Educational Projects .......................................................... 1.1 - 1.5 2. Educational Projects - accommodation for students.. ........ .2.1 - 2.6 3. Educational Projects - accommodation for teachers .......... .3.1 - 3.2 4. Cultural and Visitors’ Hospitality.. ................................... .4.0 - 4.7 5. Projects in Environmental Heritage and Tourism ............. .5.1 - 5.4 6. Projects on Tourism ......................................................... .6.1 - 6.3 7. Social Projects.. ................................................................ .7.1 - 7.2

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first part

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE TOWN DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND TECHNICAL

PROCEDURES

The Plan consists of three “theme plans” (scale 1:4.000) and a “zoning” (Scala 1:2000)

based on the ground floor plan of all the buildings.

Sheet 1.

General directions for urban development

Identification of the urban features peculiar to the individual areas (be they built-up or free

areas) and suggestions for a harmonious development of the island.

Sheet 2.

2a. Census of both monumental buildings and buildings of public interest

The buildings of the stone-built town are..marked in red; those of the macuti town in light

blue; non-monumental buildings of public interest are marked in yellow.

2b. Ownership of the buildings

The stone-built town is entirely state-owned apart from the buildings marked in light-blue

(5.4%). The macuti town is entirely privately-owned apart from the buildings marked in

red (1.7%).

2~. The town fabric: four levels of intervention for the stone-built town*

(’ interventions in the macuti town are regulated by specific provisions)

General directions for urban development

Given the present situation (summer 1998), clearly no analyses, studies and urban

development plans can solve the problem of the progressive decline which is slowly

destroying the Isle of Mozambique. Urgent, practical and effective action is called for.

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The studies carried out by the Aarhus School of Architecture (Denmark) in 1983-85 (see bibliography), the activity of the Restoration Brigades, the papers on intervention criteria and techniques written by archaeologist Ricardo Teixera Duane (1994), the studies and invaluable surveys of buildings and the census on population density and employment breakdown carried out by the students of the Valencia Architecture Department, Spain (see bibliography) in 1996 and 1997 all go to form an extremely useful body of knowledge and documentation.

Availing ourselves of all this corpus and of the know-how acquired in the course of our

1996 and 1998 stays on the island, we are now in a position to draw up basic guidelines

for rehabilitation interventions sufficient to define operative projects which can be funded

immediately.

Thanks also to the experience we will gain when these projects are under way, it will be

possible to draw up a detailed Urban Development Plan to be managed dynamically,

giving a final shape to the goals to be achieved on the grounds of the results obtained.

The analysis of present-day living conditions on the island leads to the following

considerations:

the ‘macuti’ section is extremely lively, especially if compared to the neglect

characterising the stone-built town, mostly inhabited by war refugees

the population density recorded in the ‘macuti’ town is excessive - the stone buildings are in a state of utter neglect and should be rehabilitated by

resorting to ‘macuti’ building methods

trade and business dealings between the mainland and the island are to be viewed

both in terms of market economy and subsistence economy - the cultural and artistic life (dances, brotherhoods) of the ‘macuti’town are extremely

lively.

Outlook:

analysis of the tourism sector induces one to believe that the ideal solution for the

island is represented by “light-impact tourism”, limited to sightseeing and an overall

appreciation of the urban tissue

high-impact tourist facilities should be decentralised in seaside resorts, limiting facilities

on the island to the existing hotel, which is now undergoing renovation, and a network

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of privately-managed guest-houses

indispensable if tourism is to be promoted is the restructuring of a presentable and

typical urban area (core area); upgrading of the two points of access (from the sea

and through the bridge); maintenance-work on the historical buildings (fortress,

Palacio, churches and some significant buildings), the practicability of streets and

roads so as to ensure access to all sights

among the opportunities for development which seem best suited to the island and

which might even represent its true and proper vocation is that of education, which

will be discussed later on.

Sheet 1. shows the projects corresponding to the development of the afore mentioned

functions.

Monumental buildings and buildings of public interest

The list of special buildings includes those which - because of typology or historical

significance - are unique on the island and whose destruction would represent an

irreplaceable loss for the cultural heritage, and would impair a true understanding of the

history of the settlement.

The list of the monumental buildings constitutes an unprecedented cataloguing of the

island’s most valuable heritage.

The census of Aarhus school identifies 15 monumental buildings and 44 “anonymous”

buildings. We prefered only one list.

Bibliographic references

Alexandre Lobato, Vha do Mocambique”, Lourenqo Marquez, 1945

Alexandre Lobato, “I/ha do Mopmbique, Panorama Estetico”, Lisbon 1966

Alexandre Lobato, “llha do Moqambique, Panorama Historico”, Lisbon 1967

Alexandre Lobato, “Conservary modemizar na l/ha do MoGambique”, in Monumenta n. 6,

LourenGo Marquez, 1970

Alfred0 Viana de Lima, LourenGo Marquez, ‘A l/ha do MoGambique em perigro de desparecimiento”,

Port0 1983

Krystof Pawlowski, “Problemes de /a Sauvegarde et de la misc en valeuf, (UNESCO report), 1981

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Aarhus School of Architecture, Denmark - Secretaria de Estado da Cultura

Mocambique, “//ha do Mwmbique”(report), Aarhus, 1985

Rui Knopeli, “A I/ha de Prospero, roteiro poetic0 da I/ha de MoGambique”, Lisbon, 1989

Ricardo Teixeira Duarte, “//ha do Mozambique, sigestoes praticas para a sua reservasao”, 1994

Francisco Javier Gimenez, Miguel Angel Gomez, Antonio Nieto - students of the EsquelaTecnica Superior

de Arquitectura de Valencia, “//ha do Mozambique”, thesis, 1998.

The complex architectonic culture results from the merging of:

- the Swahili culture, present along all the coasts df Eastern Africa (Quiloa in Tanzania,

Gedi in Kenya, Zanzibar and Lamu, the ruins of Somana near Baixo Pinda in the bay of

Nacava in Mozambique).

Architectural features peculiar to this culture are:

. the absence of windows looking onto the street (unlike typologies of Portuguese

origin);

. inside patio with a veranda and organisation of space along an axis;

. terraces ‘em pedra de coral e argomassa de cal e areia’

Because of the way the space of the inside patio is organised, the ‘casa de la cultura’ may

well be considered a typical specimen of Swahili culture.

- the features typical of the Portuguese influence are those of the traditional popular

architecture of the coastal regions of Southern Portugal (Ribatejo, Alentego, Arlgarve)

(Miscellany, “Arquitectura Popular em Portugal’: Associacao dos Arquitectos Portugueses, Lisbon 1961,

3rd edition 1988)

Derived from popular architecture are the shapes of the simpler flat-roofed one-storey

houses. ‘A number of elements from religious architecture and a widespread flair for

decoration clearly result from an unusually long-lived taste for architecture. From

renaissance or neoclassical architecture (which became popular in Lisbon after the 1745

earthquake) come a taste for rigid symmetries and flights of steps leading to building

facades (the building housing the French Consulate, the St Paolo Palace, the Hospital).

Finally - though not everybody will agree - the Portuguese presence is also revealed in

such twentieth-century rationalist modern specimens as the Escuela 25 Junio and the

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Sporting Club, swimming pool.

- the Indian presence is widespread on the island in the architectural details of some

houses and of the Hindu Temple (‘Porta do Damodar’, known as the ‘green door’;’ ‘Casa

do verandim caido’ in rua Pedro Alvares Cabral).

e the development of the ‘town of Macuti’, which started as a residential settlement for the

local nineteenth-century population, testifies to the macua presence as the element

decisively characterising the island and, above all, ensuring its survival.

The local architectural tradition is characterised by mud and straw houses with a rectangular

plan, a typology present also on the mainland.

A significant feature of macua residential typologies is the huddling of the houses, which

tend to form micro-urban settlements where family and community lead their daily lives.

An important role is played in this respect by the mosques and the brotherhoods

representing the basic cells of community life and by the clusters of buildings housing the

small workshops occupied by the local craftsmen (cofios, plata, missangas).

The census of monumental buildings testifies to all the cultures present on the island.

In the overall plan of table 1 the monumental buildings are marked in red for the stone-built

town and in blue for the macuti town and are identified with a progressive numeration, as

shown in the list.

Progressive numeration for stone buildings (red)

Progressive numeration for macuti buildings (blue)

Progressive numeration for buildings of public interest (yellow)

For the “urban tissue”, which will be analysed further on, we foresee “four levels of

intervention”; for the above-listed buildings the criteria of intervention vary from one

case to the other; most of the monumental buildings will require massive restoration work,

which will be done taking into account also the new purpose the building will be serving so

as to ensure full rehabilitation. Both schools and the newest buildings may undergo specific

treatment so as to ensure the staticity and life of the work done.

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Red numeration for the monumental stone bui,,ldings

1. lglesia de Nuestra Senhora do Baluarte

The oldest building on the island and the first church ever built in Mozambique (1522); a specimen of late gothic (manuelina) architecture, last restored in 1997 with the financial assistance of the Portuguese Government.

2. Fortaleza

Built between 1548 and 1620, enlarged and altered in the course of time; manuelino portal looking onto the sea. An important specimen of military architecture-An interesting sight testifying to diferent archaeological eras. Encompassed within its walls two large water-storage cisterns, widely used by the population to do their washing.

3. lglesia de San Sebastian

Building dating to the 18th century encompassed in the central court of the fortress; a well-preserved structure, which has undergone alterations owing to the diferent purposes the building has served.A large organic space.

4. Almacenes

Building dating to the end of the 19th century; an extremely significant specimen of store-rooms (five industrial-type container modules with saddle-roofs) for the provisioning of ships, it has a very big cistern to supply craft with water.

5. Casa de la Liga luso-africana

A building originally serving residential purposes, it later became the seat of the Portuguese-African club. An extremely large unique specimen.

6. Casa del porche frente al mar

Ancient 17th century building serving commercial purposes, standing on the route between the landing stage and the fortress. An exceptionally complex typology it has undergone major alterations in the course of time. Traces of a porch-like facade looking onto the sea are still visible, which makes of it a particularly meaningful specimen of integration between architecture and the environment.

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7. Mezquita de Santo Domingo

A small building, which - according to tradition - used to be a mosque, standing on the historic route leading from the landing pier to the fortress.The three arches looking out onto the beach are unusual.

8. Casa de la Cultura

An ancient building which used to serve trading purposes, standing on the historic route leading from the leading pier to the fortress. An unusual typology of luxurious residence now used as accommodation for the guests of the Museum.

9. Casa del antiguo governador

A very large and important building, possibly dating back to the seventeenth century it was the governor’s residence until the Jesuits were turned out from St Paul5 College. The layout and architecture of the first floor used to be truly impressive.The building has since undergone a number of changes and is now in a very bad state of repair and in part destroyed.

10. Telegrafos

Ancient sixteenth-centuryshelteradjoining the Jesuits College, it has undergone a number of changes. Now used as telegraph and telephone ofice, it is fairly well-preserved.

11. Paiacio con lglesia de San Paolo

The building on which construction was started in 1610 was destroyed in 1670 and rebuilt in 1674. Having housed the Jesuits’ College and having been as such described and portrayed in a number of travel and history books, it was the Governor’s residence from 1763 to 1898 and the District Governor’s residence until 1935. Now used as a Museum, it houses the island5 restoration and preservation workshop. A classical-looking building, it has an important inner court and forked staircase. Below the annexed church there is a beautifully-preserved elegant cistern used by the population of the stone-built town.

12. lglesia de la Misericordia

Built in 1635 and sporting an 18th century facade, it is the main church on the island, houses a number of tombstones commemorating the island& families and celebrating its history, and is embellished with decorative elements from the Indian tradition.

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13. Alfandega

Building standing close to the main pier of the island (where liners put ashore), it long served as Customs House and was the first building visitors used to catch sight of on arrival . It was already portrayed in eighteenth-century maps and prints. Now in a bad state of repair the building houses a cistern.

14. “Indian” house with balcony overlooking the street

A building owing much to the Indian tradition, it stood as an eclectic element in the prospect of the major business thoroughfare in the town centre.

15. Portico con tiendas

A number of buildings and shops standing between this eighteenth-century business thoroughfare and the sea. In the half of this century a portico was added to the facade of these buildings - all basically of the same typology -thus creating a highly typical perspective, characterised by the presence of several shops.

16. Casa con visera

Standing in the middle of the area built up in the 18th century this two-storey building has an unusual decor and is of interest, above all, because of the overhanging elements above the windows.

17. Casa das Canchas

Two-storey building standing in the centre of the area built up in the 18th century it sports an unusual decor, the most noticeable feature of which are the elements depicting shells above the windows. Inside it there is a cistern.

18. Casa del Patio de esclavos

An imposing structure standing in the area built up in the 18th century it consists of a luxurious residential wing and large surfaces occupied by yards and store-houses, which used to be partially given over to the slave trade.

19. Casa Palaciega con Veranda

An imposing structure standing in the area built up in the 18th century it is a typical specimen of residential architecture.

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20. Casa del Girasol

Standing in the square occupied by the Harbour Ofice, it was built around 1750 to seat local government offices; it has undergone many atterations and its roof is partially flat and partially pitched. It now provides accommodation for police oficers. The building contains a cistern.

21. Comando de policia

Neo-classical in style, it was built early this century and is the distinguishing feature of the square where the Harbour Office stands.

22. Capitania

Huge building housing administrative authorities, it includes residential quarters on the first floor It contains a cistern.

23. Casa Swahili

This typically Swahili building stands opposite theTown Hall. Access to it is through an inside veranda flanked with seats and the inner courtyards unfold along an axis.

24. Escuela de Artes y Oficios con teatro y residencia estudientes

Ancient building serving business purposes, it then underwent alterations and was enlarged to suit the new purposes it was put to. Being in a bad state of repair the school has been closed and should undergo restoration work, partially funded by the EEC.

25. Camara

Built along traditional lines in 1781, it used to house the Jail on its ground floor but is now the seat of the Town Hall. Architectural details and the decor have undergone major changes this century One of its rooms acts as a library

26. Casa de las Pilastras

An imposing nineteenth-century building serving business purposes, it stands between the street and coast. It consists of private residential quarters and areas occupied by warehouses and deposits, among which the central one with pillars of which only’the basements remain.There is a big cistern in the central patio.

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27. Casa Enfilada de 10s Arcos

A large nineteenth-century building serving business purposes, it is characterised by interesting architectural solutions, among which the series of arches of the passage leading from the entrance to the central patio.

28. Registro Civil

A nineteenth-century building originally serving business purposes, it is characterised by good quality inner areas, featuring extremely interesting architectural details.

29. Casa Balcon

Standing behind the Hospital, it is an unusual building in that, alone with the ‘casa indiana’, it has an overhanging balcony.

30. Casa Patio Swahili

A typical traditional Swahili house, it stands behind the Hospital.

31. Mezquita principal

Built between 193$l and 1950, it forms a whole with the adjoining Muslim school.

32. Madraza

Built at the same time as the Mezquita principal; together the two buildings constitute the most important centre of Muslim religious life. It is characterised by a long uninterrupted balcony along the facade, at the height of the first floor.

33. Almacenes

An unusual building in the ‘macuti’ town, it originally housed stables.

34. lglesia de San Francisco Xavier

Built in 1922 on the remains of an ancient place of worship dedicated to the Saint who stayed on the island in the 16th century. The portico was added in 1939.

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35. Fortin de San Lorenzo

Built at the end of the 17th century it completes the island’s defensive works.

36. lglesia de San Antonio

A sixteenth-century church annexed to a redoubt, it was pulled down in 1598 and rebuilt in 1969.The neighbourhood takes its name from the toponym. Not long ago the Parish made the church over to Protestant worship.

37. lglesia de Nuestra Saude

Built in the first half of the century as a military church, it stopped being used some time ago and is now being renovated.

38. Hospital

Built in the neoclassical style in 1877 on the site of an old convent and hospital named after Saint John the apostle, it has two big cisterns.

39. Casa Victorianas

Built next to the Hospital, it was the seat of the Mctorian Nuns and housed a nursery school. A building of an unusual typology it now is in a very bad state of repair:

40. Mezquita Mussanga

Looking out onto the Ocean, it is enclosed by a large patio and is meaningful because of the function it serves.

41. Mercado

Built in 1887, it was the island’s first market-place and was characterised by a symmetrical layout and four small towers in the corners. Damaged by the 1994 hurricane, it is about to be restored.

42. Templo lndu

A very old temple, it is characterised by the large walled free areas surrounding it. Its importance is above all cultural.

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43. Casa de las Columnas

Building in a very bad state of repair; its past splendour is testified by its foundations and photographic records. The style is typical of the island, as the house features a corridor-like hall with rooms opening onto either side of it.

44. Casa de las puertas de fachada

45.

While its interior is in a very bad state of repair the building still features the original facade characterised by french-windows, whose decor is reminiscent of the Indian tradition.

Casa con arcos goticos

The building, which in all likelihood dates back to the 16th century is in one of the island’s oldest architectural.styles, as evidenced by the surviving Gothic arches. Originally serving business purposes, it is no longer used.

46. Antigua Embajada Francesa

Luxurious nineteenth-century residence serving diplomatic purposes, it features an interior open-air staircase, thus adapting in a very original way to the climatic conditions of the area. It has a cistern.

47. Casa del Obispo

An interesting old building, it has undergone major alterations.

48. lglesia del Obispo

A building now serving residential purposes, it preserves the facade and layout of the previous church.

49.

50.

lglesia de Santo Domingo

Church of which only the facade remains, close to the Law Cour-ts.The single nave is reminiscent of the Dominican typologies of the 16th century

Tribunal

Dating to 1578, the building, rising on the site originally occupied by the Dominican convent, features a beautiful flight of steps on the outside. Destroyed in 1607, it was rebuilt in 1662. In 1799 it became the seat of the first official Mozambique primary school and provided accommodation for the Fathers

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until 1821. In 1826 half of the building was turned into barracks. In 1846 it was chosen as the seat of the first Mozambique cotton-weaving plant. In 1875 it was chosen to house the Public Nrks Department and in 1935 the seat of the Law Courts.

51. Residencia de profesores An old secondary school, it is noteworthy both because of its external steps and because of its typology and is a specimen of the neo-classical architecture of the island.

Light-blue numeration for the straw and mud (‘macuti’) monumental buildings

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Cofradia Qadiriya Macheraba

This brotherhood is one of the eight present on the island.They are important elements in the social and cultural life of the community Their time-honoured tradition lends importance to the seats in which they historically developed.

Cofradia Qadiriya Sadat

Mezquita de Litine

Mezquita de Santo Antonio

Cofradia Chaditiliya Liaxuruti

Cofradia Chaditiliya ltjaque L’Karame Hudjal

Cofradia Qadiriya Saliquina

Cofradia Qadiriya Bagdad

Mezquita de la Punta de la lsla

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IO. Agrupacion barrio Areal

The urban tissue of the macuti town mirrors the family group and wider community relations consolidated by custom and traditions. The safeguard of the “macuti” residential tissue does not therefore consist in the preservation of the architectural aspect of the single building but in the overall preservation of the whole complex of buildings and surrounding open spaces in which community life unfolds.

11. Agrupacion barrio de Santo Antonio .

12. Agrupacion barrio de Quirahi

13. Agrupacion barrio de Macaride

14. Agrupacion barrio de Litine

15. Agrupacion barrio de Esteu

16. Agrupacion barrio de Marangonha (casas frente al mar, a veces de bloque de ce

mento)

Yellow numeration of the non-monumental buildings of public interest

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Escuela secundaria

Almacen sobre mar

Almacenes Capitania

Cartel

Escuela Jossian Machel

Celeiro/mercado del pescado

Matadero

8. Residencia de profesores

9. Escuela primaria 25 de Junio

IO. Sporting Club

Il. Piscina

Urban tissue: four levels of intervention for the stone-town

In order to understand how the historical tissue of the town came into being, let us refer to

the excellent study carried out by the Aarhus University students, and consider the plans

taken from pages 24,26,28,30 and 32 of the above-mentioned text.

It is from that same text (page 72) that we quote the following principle, which we

wholeheartedly agree with:

“It goes without saying that the anonymous buildings,constituting most of the built-up area

are essential to the island of Mozambique. Without them the town would not exist and the

other buildings would be deprived of all significance and stand isolated. The issue of the

preservation of the island is, as a matter of fact, deeply linked to these beautiful buildings

constituting the backdrop for the monumental buildings.

The survival of these anonymous buildings is, just like the continuity of the ‘macuti’ town,

essential if we are to preserve the historic, architectural and cultural heritage of the town.”

If we consider what may lie in store for the town fabric, we can envisage two possible

scenari0.s:

- the huge costs the restoration of all the buildings would entail and, above all, the

widespread uncertainty as to their destination, coupled with the lack of any initiative over

the last decades would incline us to envisage the gradual crumbling of all the buildings

over the next twenty years (slow eutanasia)

-the only intervention that might attract massive investments is the total conversion of the

island to the tourist and hotel industry (along the lines of some of the world’s Club

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Mediteranees); this scenario, however, seems to be at odds with the intentions of the

politicians and would be, in our opinion, extremely negative AS IT would pervert the nature

of the place and deprive it of its historical and cultural significance. While this might result

in the preservation of the masonry itself, it would mean total dead for the /s/and as a

significant whole.

From the cultural point of view of the architectonic and restoration disciplines, every integral *

structural action programme (reconstruction “as it was where it was”) would clearly be a

lie, made all the worse by the meaninglessness of the Post-Modernist cultural component.

We are convinced that any intervention on the historical fabric should place itself somewhere

in-between these two extremes and should result from an understanding of the present

situation and of all that has preceded it: the neglect, the decay, the stark contrast between

the two parts of the island, and the repossession of the stone-built town by the population

coupled with the development of new residential and non-residential opportunities.

Any intervention on the town fabric must go hand in hand with a desire to seek the truth.

As for the historical framework we chose to deal with the problem of the fabric of historically-

significant towns, we considered the theories formulated and interventions carried out in

Italy and Great Britain since the 1960s (examples in Italy: Bol.ogna, Gubbio, Bergamo and

Como; examples in Great Britain: Bath, Chester and York).

So as to assess the kind of restoration intervention to be carried out for every single

building in the social fabric, let us consider the following points:

- historical and architectural significance - deterioration - uses to which the building can be put and social considerations - assessment of the resource of real estate in the light of its possible uses

As for the bad state of repair of the buildings, the Aarhus University study (text quoted,

pages 102-117) painstakingly assessed the situation in 1983-85, taking into account a

number of aspects. The situation has since deteriorated even more: the study itself

constitutes an irreplaceable historical document, but we would like the buildings, streets,

squares and the life itself which may unfold in them to be preserved by a number of

interventions to be carried out over the next years.

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The restoration of the buildings of the stone-built town foresees four different levels of

intervention:

1. Integral restoration

2. “Typological” restoration with the insertion of new elements

3. Restoration of some old parts, integrated into the new building

4. New building

1. Integral restoration

Such form of intervention is foreseen for buildings still in a good state of repair which have

been handed down in time (for example, the lglesia de la Misericordia and adjoining Museum

of Sacred Art), but also for partially deteriorated or destroyed buildings (like the Governoris

former residence), whose historical and architectural import is such that they constitute an

important element in the development of the island.

While in the first instance the philological techniques to be adopted are those currently

used in restoration, in the second the criteria adopted will be old or ancient ones, as

worked out from the observation of buildings presenting similar characteristics, reviving

what one may learn from historical records, and the remains of still standing walls and of

existing foundations.

These interventions must be viewed within the general framework of the historical and

architectural restoration of the stone-built town as a whole, regardless of the fact that

occasionally it may be necessary to ireconstructi ancient models.

2. “Typological’! restoration with the insertion of new elements

The islandis different types of building have already been studied in the Aarhus School

paper, which highlights similarities between the emacutii town and the stone-built town.

The urban fabric is characterised by the widespread presence of buildings of given

typologies.

Some buildings are in a terrible state of repair so that while typological rehabilitation is

feasible, their total reconstruction would entail huge costs.

The use to which the buildings are to be put is a key element when assessing what kind of

intervention is required and the second level of intervention satisfies the need to keep

:costs low, though ensuring preservation of the urban tissue.

‘The introduction of new elements implies integrating techniques typical of the emacutii

town, already used by some people living in stone buildings, with traditional building

techniques so as to adapt existing areas to new residential needs.

This practice, which is quickly catching on, should be included in the intervention rules .

Of course, should the buildings classified for the second level of intervention be restored

with original materials rather than with the insertion of new elements, this would be viewed

as extremely positive.

It goes without saying that every case presents some peculiar problems which will have to

be dealt with as they come up.

3. Restoration of some old parts, integrated into the new building

In many cases little more than ruins are left and it is often difficult to understand what the

original layout may have been like.

The survey carried out by the students of the Seville Architecture of Department classifies

some planimetric distributions by now difficult to detect.

For these buildings it is suggested that the old parts, rehabilitated, be integrated in a new

building to be erected, however, with traditional techniques, above all those used in the

emacutii town, with local materials and widely tested methods.

As regards the rehabilitated sections, care will be taken in the single instances to make

sure that the most visible elements be preserved when integrating them into the urban

fabric; particular care should be taken with the fronts of buildings and the outer walls as

these play a key role in the overall appearance of both streets and open spaces.

The integration of stone buildings and macuti buildings will be the visible embodiment of

the integration of the different peoples inhabiting the island.

We do not think the sacrifice of the original colonial stone-built town should in anyway be

viewed as detrimental in the light of the iworld heritagei status the island now enjoys, as

the most important cultural aspect of this urban settlement is the integration of the different

cultures in one single place.

4. New buildings

In the stone-built town there are a number of totally vacant lots as not only have the old

buildings once standing on them collapsed but the resulting rubble has been removed,

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most likely to be used as building material elsewhere.

Entirely new buildings should be put up in these lots; while compatible with existing street

layouts and alignments and integrating with the faAades of the surrounding buildings, they

will allow for building techniques typical of the emacutii town and of mainland architecture.

Of course, we are not advocating the construction of imodernT concrete and metal buildings

but the introduction of emacutii building techniques and typologies in the stone-built towns.

Rules for intervention in the “macuti” town

Owing to its peculiar nature, the “macuti” settlement calls for upkeep, renovation and building

criteria fully compatible with the traditional character of said architecture. Luckily the Aarhus

School survey fully documents the peculiarities, characteristics and materials of the emacutii

urban fabric.

Unfortunately here too, as in most traditional continental architecture, new materials are

being introduced and affect not only traditional forms but also such features as temperatu-

re adjustment and resistance to water and humidity typical of traditional architecture.

The layout and peculiarities of the emacutii town on the Isle of Mozambique should be

preserved so as to prevent the now rampant degradation.

Blueprint 2 (classification of monumental buildings) shows which areas of the emacutii

town have been identified as playing a key role; these areas must be preserved and

subjected to philological integral restoration.

Rules must be adopted for the urban fabric at large so as to regulate the upkeep of vegetable

roofing and of those vertical walls which do not foresee the use of concrete blocks, bricks

and plaster but, rather, the use of traditional materials ensuring better resistance to the

marked salinity of the area.

All forms of intervention with metallic materials must be avoided. The use of traditional

building techniques which have proved to be particularly effective in dealing with dampness

and high.temperatures should be advocated; bearing this in mind, one should refer to the

third part of the report and the project aimed at the popularization of traditional building

techniques.

See: - Aarhus School of Architecture, Denmark - Secretaria de Estado da Cultura

Mqambique, “//ha do MoGambique”(report), Aarhus, 1985 - pages 150 to 155.

-

>L ., :: .y: :’ .:

.,. .v_ .; . I I.

7. ‘, ,’ :...-. : ., : :

..’

,. . .

‘.-’ i

Island’s historical developement : ’ (Arkitektskolen i Aqhus-Danmark,

Report 1982-85’) I

_i I ! I

i , Illha ca. 1800

i I

!Ilha ca.

~~/ ! 7 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~rhus-Danmalk. 1 Island’s historical developement

-

ILHA DO MOZAMBIQUE 1998 Darko Pandakovic rehabilitation of architectonical, historical and cultural heritage 21

second part

SINGLE PROJECTS AIMED AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC, CULTURAL

AND SOCIAL PLANS

1. education project: school buildings

project no 1 .l “Escuela 25 Judo”, primary school: renovation

building A9, level of intervention III

1.2 “Jossina Machei”, primary school: renovation

building A5, level of intervention Ill

1.3 new primary school in the sports centre

(opposite the lndico restaurant)

building A8, level of intervention II

1.4 new secondary school in the hospital building

building R 38, level of intervention II

1.5 crafts workshop (building formerly housing the Ex Liga Luso-Africana)

building R5, level of intervention II

(the Arts and Crafts School is already being renovated with EC funds)

2. education project: accommodation for students

(the students’ hostel adjoining the Arts and Crafts School will be renovated so as to house

only the students from that same school: no hostel will be provided for students from other

secondary schools)

project no 2.1 Padre Lopez’s students’ hostel: renovation

unclassified building belonging to the town fabric

level of intervention I

2.2 new students’ hostel in the building which used to house the old French

Embassy: renovation



2.3 now a secondary school to be converted into a students’ hostel

building A 1, level of intervention II

2.4 house with pilasters looking out onto the sea: conversion to

all-male students’ hostel


2.5 house with arched vestibule: conversion to all-female students’ hostel

Building R 27, level of intervention I

2.6 temporary house for students in new building

site specified in the relative table, level of intervention IV

(the Spanish nuns’ all-female students‘ hostel is already being renovated)

3. education project: accommodation for teachers

3.1 old secondary school, now a hostel for teachers: renovation


3.2 Victorian Nuns’ Conveni: renovation and conversion


4. culture and hospitality project

4.0 Casa del “porche frente a/ mar”: cconversion to Muslim Cultural Centre , building R 7; level of intervention I

4.1 Mosque of the St Domenico district: renovation

building R 7, level of intervention I

4.2 Governor’s former Residence: now being renovated, it will house

the Muslim cultural centre



4.3 St Paolo’s museum and church, Governor’s Palace, now a museum:

renovation


4.4 Archbishop’s Palace and adjoining church: conversion to lodgings

for Town Hall guests

building R 47 and R 48, level of intervention I

4.5 St Domenico’s church: conversion to public library

building R 11, level of intervention III

4.6 old Fortress: archaeological research centre and hotel


4.7 house of the patio of the slaves and adjoining buildings:

documentation centre on the slave trade

building R 16, R 17, R 18, level of intervention II

5. project on environmental heritage and tourism

5.1 old Customs House: renovation for same purpose and to house

documentation

on the island


5.2 the Palace square: renovation and refurbishing

free areas corresponding to the “core area” between the old Customs

House, thepalacio and the neighbouring squares, level of intervention

between I and III

5.3 the bridge square: refurbishing of the area leading to the island

free areas in the neighbourhood of the bridge, level of intervention III

5.4 Project for the popularization of traditional building methods


6. tourism project

6.1 sunflower house: conversion to residence


6.2 “casa Swahili”: conversion to residence


6.3 business/commerce thoroughfare with arched portico: an exemplum of

residential and business renovation


7. social project

7.1 jail: renovation

building A 4, level of intervention II

7.2 hospital: renovation and modernisation

these are the buildings behind the old Hospital R 38

the intervention is above all on technology and plant engineering

EDUCATION PROJECT

As already set out in previous Unesco papers the island’s already substantial role as a

school centre can be further developed.

(S. Mutal, “llha de Mozambique, Wxld Heritage Site, an agenda for Sustainable human development and

integral conservation”, 1996)

The reasons put forward for the advisability of developing school institutions on the island

are:

the fact that such a trend is already visible (the existing high school serves a

wide territory; the closest secondary schools are in Nampula and in Nancala)

ILHA DO M&XMBIQUE 1998 Darko Pandaiovic rehabilitation of architectonical, historical and cultural heritage 25

the century-old role played by the island in the field of education, ever since the

days of the Jesuits’ College (which later became the Governor’s Palace and is

now the Museum) and of the Antiguo Liceu

the link ideally existing between a culturally stimulating environment (architecture,

memory, history) and a life dedicated to studying

the example set by innumerable historical towns the world over, where the loss

of a primary role in administration and as an economic power has gone hand in

hand with a growing presence of schools and universities: suffice it to mention

one of the many, Ouro Preto in Brazil

the marked availability of historical buildings as places ideally suited to house

schools and accommodation for both teachers and students

the incredibly bad state of repair of both school buildings and buildings accommodating

teachers and students

at the “25 Julio” primary school, a modern building of 1936, some reinforced

.., concrete columns and beams are falling apart, corroded by salinity. Parts of the

‘ceiling are falling through. There are no windows and very few doors so that no

lessons can be held on windy days


the “Jossina Machel” primary school, though in a slightly better state, still needs

repairs

the primary school standing in the square near the Hospital is small and in a

very bad state of repair indeed; it should, therefore, be demolished

secondary school located in a building previously used as a hotel, opposite the

St Gabriel park

Arts and Crafts school, now not used owing to its very bad state of repair

building close to the Law Courts providing accommodation for teachers: terrible

conditions

building close to the Arts and Crafts school providing accommodation for students

in very cramped conditions, owing to the disparity between number of students

and available space; dilapidated

building providing accommodation for the Padre Lopes’ students: 105 students

in very cra’mped conditions sharing a lavatory

Intervention plan for school buildings

P hypothesis:

1. Restoration of the old Hospital so that it may accommodate 8 classes

2. Temporary transfer of the ‘25 Junio’ primary school into the classrooms of what was

the Hospital and restoration of the ‘25 Junio’ building

3. Transfer of the ‘Jossima Machel’ primary school into the classrooms of what used to

be the Hospital and restoration of the ‘Jossima Machel’ building

4. Transfer of the secondary school from its present seat to the old Hospital and

conversion of the secondary school building into sleeping quarters for students


,Pd hypothesis:

1. Conversion of the ‘casa de fiestas’ building into a primary school

2. Temporary transfer of all primary schools into the new school while restoration work

is being carried out

3. Demolition of the primary school opposite the Hospital and transfer of the students

into the new school

CULTURAL FUNCTIONS AND HOSPITALITY

This project concerns:

new public library in the Santo Domingo Church

Sea Archaeology Research Centre in the Fortress ,, .-

the Muslim Cultural Centre (the Santo Domingo Mezquita and house ‘frente al

mar’ adjoining the Governor’s Palace

accommodation for the community’s guests in the Bishop’s Palace

Museo Palacio

Casa del patio de esclavos, documentation centre.

,


Table summarising the state of repair of the monumental buildings assessed

***

**

l

newly-renovated buildings

0

buildings for which renovation is foreseen

buildings whose constant use entails a fair amount of upkeep

buildings whose renovation is foreseen by the execution of the above-mentioned

projects

1. lglesia de Nuestra Senhora do Baluarte

2. Fortaleza

3. lglesia de San Sebastian

4. Almacenes

5. Casa de la Liga luso-africana

6.

. 7.

Casa del porche frente al mar

Mezquita de Santo Domingo

8. Casa de la Cultura

9.

IO.

Casa del Governatore

Telegrafos

***

0

0

l *

0

0

0

l *

0

*

(Portuguese Government)

(cultural and hospitality project)


(initiative taken by a ministry?)

(educational project)



(seat of UNESCO office)


,


11. Palacio con lglesia de San Paolo

12. lglesia de la Misericordia

13. Alfandega

14. “Indian” house with balcony looking

onto the street

15. Portico con tiendas

16. Casa con visera

17. Casa das Canchas

18. Casa del Patio de esclavos

19. Casa Palaciega con Veranda

20. Casa del Girasol

21. Comando de Policia

22. Capitania

23. Casa Swahili-

24. Escuela de Artes y Oficios con teatro

y residencia estudientes

25. Camara

26. Casa de las Pilastras

27. Casa Enfilada de 10s arcos

0

0

0

0

0

l

*

l

**

*

0

0


( environmental heritage and

tourism)

(project on tourism)






(EC)



-------_ - ..~..


28. Registro Civil

29. Casa Balcon

30. Casa patio Swahili

31. Mezquita principal

32. Madraza

33. Almacenes

34. lglesia de San Francisco Xavier ***

35. Fortin de San Lorenzo

36. lglesia de San Antonio

37. Iglegia de Nuestra Saude

38. Hospital

39. Casa Victorianas

40. Mezquita Mussanga

41. Mercado

42. Templo lndu

43. Casa de las Columnas

44. Casa de las puertas de fachada

45. Casa con arcos goticos

l

l

l *

0

0

**

*

0

0





---_-. I___--_- ..-. .---

ILHA DO MOZAMBIQUE 1998 ; Darko Panofakovic rehabilitation of architectonical, historical and cultural heritage 31

46. Antigua Embajada Francesa 0

47. Casa del Obispo 0

48. lglesia del Obispo 0

49. lglesia de Santo Domingo 0

50. Tribunal l

51. Antigo Liceu 0






Table summarising the state of repair of the buildings of public interest assessed

***

**

*

0

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

newly-renovated buildings

buildings for which renovation is foreseen

buildings whose constant use entails a fair amount of upkeep

buildings whose renovation is foreseen by the execution of the above-mentioned

projects

Escuela secundaria

Almacen sobre mar

*

Almacenes Capitania

Cartel

Escuela Jossina Machel

Celeird/mercado del pescado

Matadero

*

0 (social project)

0 (educational project)

**


8. Residencia de profesores

9. Escuela primaria 25 de Junio

10. Sporting Club

11. Piscina



**


third part

TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES TO BE USED ON THE ISLAND

The process of deterioration affecting the built-up areas of the island, the neglect

characterising both the buildings and the single materials not subjected to regular

maintenance, the constant aggression of atmospheric agents (first and foremost the wind

and strong salinity) enable us to understand how the building peculiarities present on the

island result from a careful balance of long-tested techniques and materials.

The buildings in reinforced concrete put up with modern techniques after the 1930s (for

example, the 25 de Junio primary school) are so badly deteriorated as to be virtually unfit

for use.

The restoration interventions carried out in the Palacio (now the Museum) over the past

decades, consisting in the insertion of iron joists above doors and windows have now

proved to be totally misplaced as the materials used were highly unsuitable considering

the climate and saltiness of the area.

Restoration work and the occasional interventions resulting from private citizensi initiatives

all too often ignore traditional building techniques so that within a few years the renovated

buildings are more severely damaged than they were before the work was carried out.

Way back in 1985 the Aarhus school suwey had already raised the issue of restoration

methods and the need to iteach how to care for buildingsl, by analysing all the elements

that had contributed to the urban development of the island. Also Ricardo Teixera Duarteis

1994 report lists all the maintenance criteria for the islandis buildings.

Here below please find some pertinent quotations from the Aarhus school study and from

Duarteis paper.

Project for the popularization of traditional building methods

In order to popularise traditional building methods and the criteria to be adopted for the

upkeep of the islandis buildings it is advisable to draw up and distribute a leaflet. Said

leaflet should be richly illustrated so as to be accessible also to those who are unable to

read. The drawings, to be made in the strip format, should explain, as clearly as possible,

,

ILHA DO ~~~Ah!lBJQUE 1998 Dutk0 Pan*vic rehcrbilitutiolz of architectonical, hi.vtorical und culturo.1 heritclge 34 ---

not only the materials and the techniques used, but also maintenance procedures; it should also clearly illustrate which intervention procedures are to be avoided because wrong (I.e.

the US~ ,of grout and cement in building blocks). An excellently devised campaign was the one organised in the early 1980s in Lima (Peru) to popu.larise traditional building techniques incorporating anti-seismic criteria.

The following document contains estimates for a such a popularisation campaign. It is from the Reporf 1982-85 of the Aarhus Architectural school (Esquela de Arquitectura de Aarhus, Secretaria de Estado da Cultura-MoCambique, l/ha do Mopambique,

Re/aloric+Reporl f S82m85, Aarhus, 1985).

Restmtlon Muthods Due to thesimplicityof ihe construction methodsandmaterilals used in the bulldings the restoration techniques themselves are simple. Tha methods can, quite simply be read directly from the buildings. The work can be carri8d out flowing the pn’nclples with have been tradiotionally employed. A large amount uf the limestone can be reused, but a good quality lime mortar needs to be used for the stone-laying and for rendering. The planned lime production in Mossuril needs ta be initiated quick/yLIme plts ought to be established on the island, where the slaking of the lime should also take place. 7718 lime should &y in the p!t for at least 3-4 years before it reaches the righf quality The composition of murrapa shoukibe dIscovered or reconstructed.Amedeme alternative could be consideredbut would require thorough testing before general use. New beams should not be built into the stone-works, as In the traditional construction, but fixed to corbels or brackets 6&h that the beam ends are well ventilated, The possibllily of devising new roof construction and beems arrangeme& with offer better durability ought to be considered, but the thick stone layer shouid be retained due to his excellent accumu/at/ve properties. Steel&ems, iron and reinforcedconcrete should . . not be used as the metal corrodes causing fhe structure to fracture. The use of self-suppoiiing shallow barrel valut6 WIthout timber shoufd be investigated. Cemenr render ought to be avoled. The use of a composite lime and cement mortar to a satisfactorily fested specification could be a possible alternative. &other and perhaps mare acceptable possibliity is the use of hydraulic time, not to be cOnfUS8d with hydrated lime, with is the powdered limeproduced today on the mainland. The most serlus and important work relates to the restoration of the main structure of the buildlng - the walls, roof and storey floors- toghether with doors and windows.After this the building w//l remain In good condilion with only ordinary maintenance. The building3 eventual user can subsequent/y perform the fitting-out an finishing works himself, under the supervision of the Resforaflon Office. t-.1 The /&hen and bath are best situated on the ground floor Water pip/e being left visible. Waste pipes and drains are laid underground and beneath floors..A particular problem in this conteXt relates to the design of a sfdt&h~to/let waste system. Several models exist wlch must be ConSidOr8d closely before any chaise is made. It is important not to choose complex underground sever systems which require an unrealistic level of maintenance and inspeotion.Certain simple temporary systems based on tidal differences might possibly be oommltxioned In some areas for the town. Width regard with water supply the storage tank system should be reintroduced. 7718 &terns and out/&t systems fur the roof should be brought up to usable standard. The excistng water

supply from Rio Monapo can and should be mantained in order to 6etve as supply system for the town - s@ecialiy in periods of drought. The restoiation work Will provide a pratical and fh8oretiCal training in craft methods and the care and malntenarkx of buildings, and WI!/ sub$equently lead to education or qualified craftsman and technicians. in add/t/on teaching in restoration disciplines sllch a measuring, building, surveying and project design will take place.

At the outset k might to a certain extent, prove necessary to us8 outside expertise. However, the trades involved are fairly simple and local sraff w& quickly be tr&ed. The staff could be divided into m&ant work team such a6 for cisanlng and sorting, tile production, lime production, timber manufacture, j4in&ystonewo& rendering, lfmlng etc.

The walls of the buildings are constructed of coral limestone cut from open’ijuarries in the southern part of the island. The colour of fhe stone varies irom light grey-brown to dark redbrown. The size of the stones vark& greatly and is dependent upon how they are used in the stonework KY1 thicknesses vary from 40 to 9&m. in the elmplest stonework the stonesarerelatlvalysmalI, notspeciallydresssd, and they do n&seem to be IaM fol/OWlng any pst-tFcu/ar system. The better masonry is construct&t as rubble-filled walling. The stonework Is usually constructed with horizontal oourses of large stones, * the outer face betng rough-dressed, and the cavky between the two leaves is filled wlth smaller stones and rubble. A kw levelling course of fiat stones Is laid on the high ‘rislng’wurse to tnalntain a horizontal bed for the nexi ris&r course, IaM on tap. The whole prwess is repeated by height of the wall. The construction process can be observed, to a grsater or lesser degree, in the ruined walls round about. There is no form of &oper bonding at the comers OI walls, large stones atabout 1 m. Intervals are srmp/y coursed through the adbinlng walls at the’ angle. On larger areas of wall there are often clear ho&on&al colour variations in the monac The colour can also vary around a corner This lndlcates that ihe stonemrk wae laid In sectluns with newly mixed morta!: At door and window openings as well as at the external comers of the bulldlrrgs the stonework is finished with dressedstoneslaid with naryowreguiarmorlar]olnts. The corallimestone itse!fls easy to work especially in a ,ftdSh& cut condition, and this fact I5 utilised in the production of profiles and mouldings for cornlaes, ooiumne, wlndow$urrounds, benches, etc. Bearlngsover windowand douropenlngs Is achlevedeither with the use of timber tlntels or dressed coral limestone arches. An especL!Yly fine piece of construction can be seen above some openings where the externalbch Is fiat, oompoeed of two large vouseoire ‘with dt wedge shaped keystone, and lntemally the arch Is curved and segmental, carefully con&tructeo’ with purpose cut vouesdlrs .

. .

Cornices, string courses, pilasters and surrounds to door and window openings can be fou&J as stone mould/t@% but they are most often formed in mortar buitt up w!rh a filling of small stones, Sun-dried clay brioks have’been used to buiki Internal partition walls in come cases. More recent brick walls can also be found.

Randrr and mortar The render treatmeht to the walls, which Is &en up.to 6 cm thick, is built up of several iiyers with a tough keying layer applied to the walls and a smooth-finished surface layer outermost. The mortar render is firm and bone4atd. Beach sand is often a componeht of the mix, The finest s,ur faces have a finishing coat up’to 5mm thkk whloh is smoothedand limed. Pure lime morlar 1s: used for both rendering and for stonework, in the latter case the material wmbinw with the wml llmeatone to form healthy-lwklng and hon?ogeneous masonry In order to provide a decorative flnlsh the walls are limed. A bye-law from the middle of the 19th Century required that the buildings be limed once a year during July a&August, the external walls could be limed in any wlour except white:-b one of the examined bulldings there were about 30 layers of /Ime in a iaqe. vanety of colours.

The cutiditlon of the masonry The BUbt?tantia/ coral limestone masonry Is extremely durable, whloh ii confiimed by the present wndition of the town. Where roofs, doors and windows have long since disappeared the robust stone walls remain. The dumMty of the masonry Is due part/y to the thI#ness cl (he Walls and partly to the homogeneous wmblm&n of GVkii limestone and lime mortar The stabiliy’of the kkInd8 terrain has also played 8ome part In the preservation of the stone-work, larger crevices only appear on some houses close to the water Ilne, The most widespread cau6e of wall damage Is due ro either lacking or Incorrect maintenance, which is generally detnonstrsted bypeeling render: The heavy water penetration to which uhrendered stonework Is emed during fhe r&y season has @alIVely /IttIe 8ff6Ct and 1s the Cause of no great damage due to the

ILHA DO MOZAMBXQUE 1998 Dark0 Pan&Vic rehabilitcatiun of architectonical, hisloricnl and cultuwd herilnge 36

structure and qualities Of the limestone masonry On the other hand, plant growth and the associated root penetratin can CBUse enormous damage, loosening or even bursting the stone-work. The effects of the plant FiguM~l &aVa arepartlculariy ssvere, The plant grows very rapidly with ifs akmots extending over a wide area. Those In turn cause rupture ol: the stonework and loosening of the render Recent repairs Using cement, to patch peeling render for instance, have proved unsuccessful. The material is not compatible with the porous limestone masonry which after some time is spalled by the action of the hard lnflexlblf3 cement mortar The whole surface k?osens and falls away Cement mortar can also hinder the drying out ~f&H’?ymOlstuf6 present in the stone-work. The moisture accumulates behlnd the layer of cement render fInally forcing it a way from the stone work, along with any adjoining #me mortar

Rastontlon of the masonry The present doterloratlon which is largely caused by plant life, water and man, needs lo be, stopped 0fi rtiucad a8 qU/okly as possible. Wgetation on roofs and walls should be combatted and kept under control. Whore maintenance of weather-tightness of roots still seems reasonably v/able it ought to be carried auf

@~lck# The removalof materialsbyman needs to be curtailed. It would 68bothpsych&gicaflyand mater/al/y ercpecilont to car@@ clearance of @Mapsed ma terlals, which could be sorted and stored for later use. The restoration of !@ maaonty Is faldy straight- forward. Larger apertures can be filled in with limestone and lime mOrtar (dirge quantities of fallen stone can be salvaged from defective buildings round about). Facade rendercan be rep&d with new lime motiaqpossiblyadded hydraulic lime (not to be confused with hydrated lime). T?K? Use of cement should bo strongly discouraged. It maybsposslblt3 to use a oomblnedc8ment and lime mortar In measured quantities. The obisct here would be to achieve dptimum durability with the m/n/mum quantfty of cement. L/me adheres poorly to pure or strong cement morfar It is tmpotiant to appiy the lime under the right cond-tlons, in humfd weather and without strong sunshine. The only fnajbrproblem. relating to the walls is ihaf moisture can penefrate info the stonework from, the gmund. There is no form of caplllaty-breaking layer Installed at the base of the walls. The Introduction of a m&Me barrier would prove extremely difficult due to the thlokness of the walls. For the time being it can only be recommended that all #forts are made to alloti mol#ure in the stonework to pass through outs/de .ali: subsequently the use of strong cement rendering mater/al andi$astlc.should be avolded. The use of &tone atihes abvve door and wi ndowsopenings ought to be continued. If Is not advlsabje to use steel beams or relnforoed ooncrete lintels as the metal is Ilkely to rust or corrode and rupture the masonry

FIoons f3asement6 are rare, the ground floor wnstrucilon usually be/ng placed directly on the ground. The lowest elomeht of the construction is a levelling layer of sand onto wh/ch Is laid a bed of sand wiih llmestone gravel. A lean t/me mortar soreed with small limestone pieces 1s lald on this bed, and the f&or is finished with a render layer and a smooth wearing course of strong l/me mortar mlxed with sand, often with added red pigment. In more recent times many floors have been repalred wlth cement or relaidas concretefloors. These are not ae durable &a the tradItiona/ f/oars.

Roofat md 8torsy’floars ’ Storey floors and roof6 are carried on, beams of mecrusse, ti dense, heavy type of timber wlch Is is rarely

attacked by termites. The beams with are about 20x 20 cm, in sectCon span between 4 and 6 metres from wall to wall. Where the room is especially deep the b8ams bear onto a heavier mocrusee supporting beam. The distance between the beams I$ between 150 and 200 cm. Secondary joists, aboui 10x 70 OM are iixed on top of thebeams. Thejoistsare spacedafwut IO-15cm. apart so that they can act as a bearing forwraal limestone blocks 7-70 cm. thhick 23-25 cm. wide, and of vatylng 1ength.A 6-10 cm.. thick rough soreed of l/me mortar and limestone gravel 1s laid on top of the stone bed. (Sometimes a f O-15 cm. thiok layer of mortar and rough stone is found beneath the screed}. The wearing surface is a 1~5-2 OM. render lqw cons/&g of & flne lime moriar mixed wilh ‘murrapa’, an e&tract from a crushed climbing plant and peanut oil. The ekact speclficatlon has been forgotten but ought to be researched, the mortar Is very hard wearing and difflc?uH to penetrate, The sutiace is finished with a 0.5 cm. .smoothlng k?yeralso with added murrrapa. In a common Variant of the above wnstructlbn the stone layer is replaced by ‘laca Ma’, thln mangrove sticks CBM lightly side by slds and rendered on the underside between exposed laths with murrapa-added lime mofia1: In more recent wnstn.Hion c&y tlies are used It&sad of limestone and laca lace.

-~ --_-. ..I

ILHA DO MOZAMBIQUE 1998 Dark0 Panduhvic

FoIlowIng the cunstructior of a water main from the mainland to the island many of the traditlonalraincollecting flat roofs have been replaced with mofs of corrugated cement or iron sheets or mafing tiles, Reinforced concrete slabs have also been used but this Is not a suitable material as the reinforcing bars corrode in the humid climate. The old technic of roofing has certain sp8oial qualities which make its continued use deS/r8able Wo such features at8 the performance of the roof In relatlon lo temperature variation, and iis traditlonal importance wirh regard to rainwater collection. The thickness of the traditional rmf, with its 20-35 cm. stone k?ye,~ gives it a thermal inetfla which provides the rooms below with a relatively constant temperature The roofs are not n8My so sensifive to variations of internal and external temperature as those employing thin metal or light insulation panels. In addition the evaporation which occurs from fiat roofs holding water serves to ho/d the t8mperature In the building down. The impotf&nce of the flat roofs in relation to rainwater collection and the water storage cisterns themselves are desorlbed elsewhere.

Roofs und str~rey ftoors, condition and restoratlon The greatest problems concerning the stafe of the townB urban fabric are related to the wnditlon of the roofs. The maintenance of the roof has a direct influence on the condition of the building it covers. lf the roof is not weatherproof water penetrates through to the beams which become damp and subsquently r@. If act/on is not taken to repair damage in time the beams will disintegrate causing the heavy roof to collapse. In the wor6t cases the water will penetrate down as far as the stofey floors causing the beams to rot and the subsequent wlkpse of the floor structure. If the Figuelra Brava plant becomes established its strong fast- growing air roots will more than likely advance the leakiness of the building and its eventual destruction. This process Is the most common cause of damage to lhe bulldings. It is apparent from the measured surveys, of which more will be said later that roofs and storey fiOors are in a widely varying stafe of rapail: Some roofs are In a good or acceptable condition, some are in imrnediate dang8rof w/lapse and some ar8 at the early stages of deter/oration. Paflioularattention ought to be paid to the latter categor)! There is time here to 68~8 the roofs, and sub$equently the buildings, if action is taken to hart th8 deterioration by means of proper repair and maintenance. Work carried out quickly to roofs in this oategcxy would be of great importance and benefit to the town generallyand could save money which would other%&) be needed later for more serious restoration and rebuilding. In some ~4x38s where the beam ends ate rotten the construction can be saved if extra is p&vided inslde the line of the wails. This can be most effectively achieved by inserting a stone corbel into the wall just under the beam. In some cases the support can be provlded by timber cross braces. In cetiain sItuationa the bearing could be provided by pbsts along the wall or stone pilasters, and in other cases a wallpM8 carrying the beam ends mlght be supported by an arbitrary number of corbels, posts orpilasters. In car@ng out these rspalrs it is useful to coat the timbers with a presen/ati-I8 (though it does not oenetrate Into the dense timber). Termites can be kept af bay by keeping the walls &an and by repairing cracks and fissures ln floors and walls so as to bar fheir entry

fhe woodwork has originally been solid, well-made and well-functioning. Unfortunate/y today much has been removed from the buildings and used as fuel for cooking f&es. The usual species used for joinery are the hardwoods Mecrusse, M’Bila, end MBaua. The fittings are hand forged. Where door casings are used they are light In construction, and are built into the masonry Fixlng plugs extending from the head or side of the casing project into the stonework thereby anchoring the doorA similar method Is used to fix window casings. WhGr8 no door casing is us6 the door leaf is hung on in-built hinge butts and close into a tebat8 in the stonework, Doors gre usuaily double leaf. Some are elaborately decorated with carvings, but generally they are the oharacteristio panelled doors. with genuine or Imitation panels. The simplest dOor type is the batteneddoor Each leaf consists of three vertical boards tonguedand grooved together and fixed to transverse rails on the rear side. In Some cBs8s the middle batten is a &t/e thicker and has rebated edg89 which sit over the adjoining battens. The rails are chamfered and recessed into the battens dovetall fashion, and the construction is secUr8d with wooden pegs. Quit8 often battened doors are adapted to iobk like panelled doors with lmitafion pane/profiles being carved into the battened face In some other oases moukiings or boards are fixed to ihe doors In order to imitate panels Genuine panelled doors

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ILHA DO MOZAMBIQUE 1 wx Dark0 Pandakmic rehabilitation of arcltitecmnical, historical and culturu.1 heritage 38

conslrucled In the normal way are also found. Above the head of the doors there often appem a horizontal open fanlight which functions as a venfllation opening. Sometimes the fanlight, which forms part of the door frame joinsry is constructed lo look like a door panel with the actual panel element missing Occasionally the opening is fitted with a grille or a louvre. The iron door fittings are hand-crafted and Include hinges, handles, bolts and locks.

Windows In a&ance with a law of 7878 window& could not be less fhan I m. wide and 1.5 m. high, and they could nof open outWar to obstruct traffic. The windows serve vatiouspumses, theyprovide daylightand venfilalion and offer protecfion against rain and insects, etc. There are several wlndow types and combinailons. The simplest type is a hole In Ihe masonry firlsd with a form a grille, the frame of which is bulit into the stone- workshutters provide better protection against the rain and offer more privacy Shutters are sometimes oonstructed a6 louvres providing ventilation and a small amount of light. Glazed windows otfer protection against wind, wealher and insects, butprovide no ventilation. If the opening glat%d window Is equipped with a mosquito nel to the outs/de then all criierle are s,aGsfi%d . opening windows need to be thought out in each individual case. If the glazed window sits between an internal wooden shutter and an exfernal mosquito net It Is sometimes’wnstructed with sliding sashes. Due to the importance attached to good ventilation special ventllatlon openlngs can be 6een in the masonry ftssl[ both in external and parlition walls. This 1s especially noticable In the younger buildings. The windows give a very pleasing effect to Ihe interior spaces with their deep-set lights stretching lo the f&r. Sometimes stone sitting places are formed In the deep niches.

The c~nUltlon and rosforatlon of doors and windows Wax sad& various doors and windows are missing. Where they still exist, however they are usually in a good condition and are not Infested with termites or rot. Exlsting doors and windows should be protected against removal the nailve popuiatlon. It may be advisable to remove and store the grander and most original examples after numbering, though there may be a risk of damaging Ihe In-built frames. Where doors and windows are completely missing they should be replaced with new construct/on either copying the original style or utilising more effective methods aesthetically suitable to the building.

A regulation from 1878 requires that each building has a water storage cistern and that ifs capaclty should not be less In cubic metres then half of the building& total roof area in square metres. The cistern is usually sHuated In the yard, fhe water being led to it from the roof, In 6ome cases the clsfern is cuf Into the rocky ground below surfsce level, but in the majority of instance it is found at ground level where it is i/most unnotlcable among the out-bulldings, A relettiely hlgh placement aids the supply to the kitchen. In cases where the cistern 16 placed below ground level, for example the large tanks at the hospital, the water has 1o be brought up with the aid of a flywheel pump. Al the ilon ware-houses there Is ‘a large and impressive water storage facility which includes an arched &duct to carry the rainwater from the roofs to the cistern. There haV8 once been small pump- bulldlngs on the roof of the tank. The tank itself is consfructed of limestone. The Walls afe finished internal/y with a smooth mutrapa lay%r with keeps them walerfight. The chemical properties of the Iltiesfoneprevents the Wier fmm souring. The rainwater Is collected from the flat roofs which are basin-like due to the parapet walls around their perimeter; In addition to the parapets, which are extensions of the exferM walls above roof levd, there are similar low walls on the roof ltsetf which are extensions of the pat-/Non walls in the house below In effect these low walls give a representation of the plan layout of the house beneath. The purpose of the low walls Is to ensure fhat as much wa ier a$ possible Is colle&d during heavy downpours, the whole roof acting as a hold@ tank. From the roof the water is led through an outlet In the external WallAccordIng to a law from the

’ 1 9th Centuty it Is forbidden to dlverf fhe water onto the street, or to have a water spout there. The water channels are subsequently either built-in or formed In Ihe stonework such that water does not splash out. The c&me/s can take the form ofpro]%ctions from fhe wallsuda@?. Poseibly whhprotrudlng edges functioning 8s shlekis, or they may be vertical chases closed wffh limeStone or tiles. In some cases china down pipes have bmn used.

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Masonry T;,e walls of the buildings are constructed of co- .al limestone cut from open quarries in the ;outhern pan of the island. me colour of the stone varies from light grey-brown to dark red- Jrown. The size of the stones varies greatly and s dependent upon how they are used in the stonework. Wall thicknesses vary from 40 to 90 :rn. In the simplest stonework the stones are relatively small, not specially dressed, and they do Tot seem to be laid following any particular system. The better masonry is constructed as rubble-filled walling. The stonework is usualfy constructed with horizontal courses of large stones, the outer face being rough-dressed, and the cav- ity between the two leaves is filled with smaller stones and rubble. A low levelling course of flat stones is laid on the high ‘rising’ course to main- tain a horizontal bed for the next risercourse, laid on top. The whole process is repeated- by the height of the walLThe construcf0n process can be observed, to a greateror lesser degree, in the ruined walls ro.und about. There is no form of proper bonding at the corners of walls, large stones at about 1 m. intervals ens simply coursed through the adjoining walls at the angle. On larger areas of wall there are often clear horizontal colour variations in the mortar. The colour can also vary around a comer. This indicates that the stonework was laid in sections with newly mixed mortar. At door and window openings as well.as at the external corners of the buildings the stonework is finished with dressed stones laid with narrow regular mortar pints. The coral limestone itself is easy to work, especially in a freshly cut condition, and this fact is utilized in the production of profiles and mouldings for cornices. columns, window surrounds, benches, etc. Bearings over window and door openings is achieved either with the use .of ‘timber lintels or dressed coral limestone arches. An especially fine piece of construction can be seen above some openings where the external arch is flat, composed of two large voussoirs with a wedge shaped keystone, and internally the arch is curved and segmental, carefully constructed with purpose cut voussoirs. Cornices, string courses, pilasters and surrounds to door and window openings can be found as stone mouldings, but they are most often formed in mortar built up with a filling of small stones. Sun-dried clay bricks have been used to build internal partition walls in some cases. More recent brick walls can also be found.

Render and mortar The render treatmentto the walls, which is often up to 5 cm thick, is built up of several layers with a rough keying layer applied ta the walls and a smooth-finished Surface layer outermost. The mortar render is firm and bone-hard. Beach sand is often a Component of the mix. The finest sur-, faces have a finishing coat up to 5mm thick which is smoothed and limed. Pure lime mortar is used for both rendering and for stonework. in the latter case the material COmb\neS with the coral limestone to form healthy-looking and homogeneous masonry. In order to provide a decorative finish the walls are-limed. A bye-law from the middle of the 19th Century required that the buildings be limed once a year dunng -fufY and August, the external walls could be limed in any colour except white. To one of the examined buildings therewere about 30 lay-

-ers of time in a iarae variety of colours. .

The condition of the masonry The substantial coral limestone masonry is extremely durable, which is confirmed by the present condition of the town. Where roofs, doors and windows have long since disappeared the robust stone walls remain. The durabi!ity of the masonry is due partly to the thickness of the walls and partly to the homogeneous combina- tion of coral limestone and lime mortar. The stability of the island’s terrain has also played some part in the preservation of the stone-work, larger crevices only appear on some houses close to the water line. The most widespread cause of wall damage is due to either lacking or incorrect maintenance, which is g.enerally demonstrated by peeling render. The heavy water penetration to which unrendered stonework is exposed during the rainy season has relatively little effect, and is the cause of no great damage due to the structure and qualities of the limestone masonry. On the other hand. olant growth and the associated root penetration can cause enormous damage, loosening or even bursting the stonework. The effects of the plant Figueira Brava are particularly severe. The plant grows very rapidly with its air-roots extending over a wide area. These in turn cause rupture of the stonework and loosening of the render. Recent repairs using cement, to patch peeling render for instance, have proved unsuccessful. The material is not compatible with the porous limestone masonry which afrer some time is spalled by the action of the hard inflexible cement mortar. The whole surface loosens and falls away. Cement mortar can also hinder the diying out of any moisture present in the srone- work. The moisture accumulates behind the layer of cement render finally forcing it away from the stonework, along with any adjoining lime mortar.

Restoration of the masonry The present deterioration wh’ich is largely caused by plant life, water, and man, needs to be, stopped orreduced as quickly as possible. Vege- tation on roofs and walls should be combatted and kept under control. Where maintenance of weather-tightness of roofs still seems reasonably viable it ought to be carried out quickly. The removal of materials by man needs to be curtailed. It would be both psychologically and ma- terially expedient to carry out clearance of collapsed materials, which could be’sorted and stored for later use. The restoration of the masonry is fairly straight- forward. Larger apertures can be filled in with limestone a’nd lime mortar (large quantities of fallen stone can be salvaged from defective buildings round about). Facade render can be re- paired with new lime mortar, possibly added hydraulic lime (not to be conf,used with hydrated lime). The use of cement should be strongly discouraged. It may be possible to use a combined cement and lime mortar in measured quantities. The object here would be to achieve optimum durability with the minimum quantity of cement. Lime adheres poorly to pure or strong cement m&tar. It is important to apply the lime under the right conditions. in humid weather and without strong sunshine. The only major problem relating to the walls is that moisture can penetrate into the stonework from the ground.There is no form of capillary- breaking layer installed at the base of the walls. The introduction of a moisture barrier would prove extremely difficult due to the thickness of the walls. For the time being it can only be recommended that all efforts are made to allow

moisture in the stonework to pass through:‘to th outside air. Subsequently the use of strong cc ment rendering material and plastic ,paint should be avoided. The use of stone arches above door and wind01 openings ought to be continued. It is not advi! able to use steel beams or reinforced concret lintels as the metal is likely to rust or corrode, an rupture the masonry.

Floors Basements are rare, the ground floor construe tion usually being placed directly on the grounc The lowest element of the construction is a IE velling layer of sand onto which is laid a bed c sand with limesione gravel. A lean lime mortz screed with small limestone pieces is laid on thi bed, and the floor is finished with a render lays and a smooth wearing course of strong lim. mortar mixed with sand, often with added re. pigment. In more recent times many floors have been ra paired with cement or relaid as concrete sla floors. These are not as durable as the tradition; floors.

Roofs and storey floors Storey floors and roofs ‘are carried on beams o mecrusse. a dense, heavy type of timber which IS rarely attacked by termites. The beams whict are about 20 x 20 cm. in section span betweer 4 and 5 metres from wall to wall. ‘Where the room is especially deep the beams tiear onto i heavier mecrusse supposing beam. The dis tance between the beams is between 150 .anc 200 cm. Secondary’joists. about 10 X 10 cm. are fixed on top of the beams. The joists art spaced about 10 - 15 cm. apart so that the\ can act as a bearing for coral limestone block: 7 - 10 cm. thick. 23 - 25 cm. wide. and of va rying length. A 5 - 10 cm. thick rough screed o lime mortar and limestone gravel is laid on top o the stone bed. (Sometimes a 1 O-l 5 cm. thick lay er of mortar and rough stone is found beneatl ihe screed). The wearing surface is a 1.5 - : cm. render layer consisting of a fine lime mona mixed with ‘murrapa’. an extract from a crushe, climbing plant and peanut oil. The exact specif cation has been forgotten but ought to be re searched, the mortar is very hard wearing an difficult to penetrate. The surface is finished wit. a 0.5 cm. smoothing layer, also with added mur rapa. In a common variant of the above constructio the stone layer is replaced by ‘laca laca’. thi mangrove sticks laid tightly side by side and rer dered on the underside between exposed lath with murrapa - added lime mortar. In more re cent construction clay tiles are used instead c limestone and laca laca. Following the construction of a water main fror the mainland t-z&e-island many of the tradition: raincollecting flat roofs have’been replaced wit. roofs Of corrugated cement or iron sheets, ‘c roofing tiles. .Reinforced concrete slabs havl also been used but this is not a suitable materiz

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Ricardo Teixeira Duarte, I/ha do Mozambique, sigestoes praticas pafa a sua reSen/asao, 1994

Manuten@o dos edificios da llha

A infiltracao da Bgua das chuvas atraves dos terragos e paredes foi desde sempre o principal factor de deterioragao dos edificios da Ilha. Actualmente dols outros factores contribuem para este fim: a accgo do homem, que entre outros vandalismos arranca OS linteis que suportam as paredes e OS barrotes que suportam OS tectos; e o crescimento de plantas (especiaimente a figueira africana) nas paredes e muros.

OS vandalismos devem ser alvo de policiamento, as plantas nocivas devem ser arrancadas e a acg%o da 5gua das chuvas deve ser contro- lada atraves de operacoes simples de manuten@o. Estas operagoes de manutencao, que alguns erradamente apelidam de tratamentos cosme- ticos, sZo o segredo (digamos o “ova de Colombo”) da preservaggo da arquitec!ura da Ilha. Neste sentido todas as paredes e terraces devem ser object0 de manuten@o anual. Esta manuten$io, que deve ser obrigatdria para todos OS propr’l’etS,rios de casas na Ilha, deve ser feita antes da epoca chuvosa, obedecendo as seguintes etapas:

Paredes e muros

As paredes da llha sZo constituidas por urn miolo de pedras de coral e matope, coberto por urn reboco de cal e areia. A cat era fabricada corn base em pedra de coral e conchas, as esquinas e OS remates das portas e janelas s2.0 feitos 5 base de pedra de coral talhada “porites”. Na antiga arquitectura Swahili (period0 classico), portas principais de edificios importantes eram adornadas corn blocos de coral decorados em canta- ria, sem qualquer argamassa (ta1 e o case de uma magnifica porta air-da de pe nas ruinas de Somana (Duarte 1993)). Finalmente as paredes eram cajadas. As cores ‘cram conseguidas corn base em pigmentos minerais (acre, almagre) que eram misturados na cal. lsto dava origem a cores suaves juntamente corn o branco que predominava (estas cores sao caracteristicas de toda a arquitectura Swahili e tambem portuguesa antiga arcaica e traditional). A cal da’ urn tom aveludado Ssparedes que na’o 6 conseguido por nenhuma tinta modema.

As paredes da llha estao sujeitas a factores diversos de deteriora@o, sendo o mais grave a .*mfiitrac8o de 5gua da chuva pelos terraCos e

. coberturas estragadas e entuprdas (urenos) e tambem pelas partes estragadas dos rebocos (cavidades e rachas). lsto provoca a deteriora- gBo e queda do reboco e, deixando adiantar este processo, o desmoro- namento das paredes. Urn fenomeno curioso mas que provoca grandes estragos, 6 a subida de 6gua pelas paredes acima por urn process0 de capilaridade. Esta ggua, proveniente do lengol fregtico, 6 salgdda, trans- portando-se assim o sal pelas paredes acima. A igua evapora-se, mas o sal, que fica, concentrando-se cada v&z mais, provoca o esfarelamento dos rebocos e da caiag%o.

A sacide das paredes estti dependente do born estado de conserva@o dos terraces, e tambern da sua propria manutencao regular (anual) que deve ser feita do seguinte modo:

Repara@o do rebqco

1 .Todo o reboco deve ser retirado na zona afectada e numa extensao aprecitivel em seu redor, ate atingir o miolo da parede que na generalidade e constituido por uma argamassa de lama e pedras de coral. Deve-se dar pequenas pancadas na parede afim de determinar a extensgo de reboco que, podendo parecer em born estado, est5 solto e que tambem deve ser retirado. A superficie exposta deve ser em seguida escovada e lavada antes de aplicar o novo reboco, de modo a retirar todo o material solto.

2. 0 nova reboco deve ser constituido por uma argamassa de cal e areia. Nao se deve usar argamassa 6 base de cimento (portland) pois devido B sua diferente plasticidade e incompativel corn a constru@o original do edificio, de coral e argamassa de cal, o que pode dar origem i nao aderencia devida da caiacio, a rachas e a ocorrencia de espacos ocos entre o reboco e o miolo da parede. Por outro lado, a utiliza@o de cimento impede a respira@o das paredes’, prejudicando a evapora#o da igua nelas infiltrada.

A aplicac$o do reboco deve ser feita em 3 fases

1. Uma aplicagao energica de argamassa sobre o miolo da parede, se necesskio corn pequenas pedras de coral para preencher grandes espagos,

2.Segue-se uma segunda aplica@o e uma terceira antes de as anteriores secarem. A aplica@o final deve secar lentamente send0 o period0 minim0 de secagem de tres dias (deve-se ir molhando a argamassa para nao secar mais depressa).

3.Por fim segue-se a caia@io que deve ser feita cerca de uma semana depois de terminada a repara@o do reboco. E aconselhavel a mistura de “murrapa” na cal para Ihe dar maior consistencia. OS trabalhadoG$da Brigada de Restauro sabem preparar a murrapa (uma emulsao de raizes).

A caia@o

A caia@o (tal coma a reparacao dos rebocos) deve ser feita anualmente e antes da epoca das chuvas. As cores devem ser naturais, baseadas na adigao 5 cal de pigmentos minerais (acre e almagre).

Terraqos e telhados

Terragos

Uma das caracteristicas mais genuinas da llha sao OS terragos, cons- truidos corn pedra de coral aglutinada por uma argamassa de cal e areia sustentada por vigas, na sua maioria de madeira de mangal.

OS terragos devem ser anualmente (antes da epoca das chuvas) man- tidos da seguinte forma:

1. As _pendentes, condutas e drenos devem ser testados corn a utiliz$‘Gde ggua, de forma a determinar se esta escorre devida- mente. Caso t-60 acontesa, as pendentes e condutas devem ser corrigidas e OS drenos devem ser desentupidos.

2. As rachas devem ser tapadas, picando a argamassa em redor de modo a afargar e aprofundar ate atfngir o miolo do terraco e em

‘seguida encher corn argamassa de cal e areia. ,

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No interior, as vigas, normatmente pintadas de car escura (preto, casta- nho, almagre ou acre carregados), quebram a monotonia interior da construcao, e transmitem urn c&z muito original. No entanto, estas vigas, quando existe infiltra@o de 5gua das chuvas, tendem a apodrecer e a cair provocando desmoronamentos. Devem assim ser inspecionadas regularmente e substituidtis case seja necesskio. Pode n5io ser neces- sari0 substituir as vigas se for pdssivel reforcar o seu apoio as paredes atraves de urn supot-te em made’ira ou pedra.

Telhados

Existem alguns telhados na Ilha, nomeadamente o do Palkio de S. Paula, que constitui hoje uma fonte de problemas, pois deixa entrar &gua, o que pde em risco as coleccoes de grande valor que ali Go guardadas. Durante o tempo em que estive na Ilha, o telhado do palkio foi regularmente mantido e nunca deu problemas. A manuten@io e simples e basta:

l Mudar as telhas partidas l Reparar as caleiras de chapa que Ho sendo a tacadas pela corro-

s~o.

As telhas partidas devem ser substituidas por telhas novas, n5io se devendo cimentar as telhas partidas o que e urn grande erro pois constituem-se barreiras g agua que escorre, o que d5 origem a infiltra- c6es. N2o se conseguindo telhas, a soluc$o sera substituir o telhado, ou parte dele por uma cober-tura de zinco. 0 zinco, no entanto, tern algumas desvantagens em rela@o B telha, entre outras a de tornar OS edificios mais quentes.

As caleiras, que na sua maioria .sZo em chapa, devem ser regularmente inspecionadas. Caso seja necesskio podem-se fazer alteragdes no sistema de escoamento de aguas. Em 1978 alterei totalmente e corn grandes vantagens, o sistema de caleiras do telhado do Pakio de.S. Paulo.

Aprovisionamento \ . .*

No se torna nenhum “bico de obra”, agora que acabou a guerra, conseguir OS materiais necesskios a manuten@o e restauro dos edificios da liha. Tratam-se na sua maioria de materiais existentes localmen- te tais coma:

. ca!

. areia l pedra . madeira

Pode-se assim resolver o “problema” corn a chamada “prata da casa”, corn grandes vantagens, pouca coisa sendo necesskio importar. Quan- do me encontrava a trabalhar na Ilha, obtinha a cal nos fornos de Corrane, que ficam perto, corn uma pequena camionetade cercade uma tonelada que havia comprado em segunda m5.o e que eu proprio conduzia. Esta cal era de qualidade. N5o sei se OS fornos de Corrane estgo a funcionar, mas case nZo estejam, penso que corn facilidade se poderi organizar urn process0 de obter cal na regigo. Quanto ti areia, ela era carregada nos areais do rio Monapo, urn pouco para o interior, pois a areia utilizada na constru$io n2.o deve ser salgada. No que respeita 6 pedra, 6 de aconselhar o uso da pedra de coral, pois 6 mais leve e porosa. No entanto a pedra r-60 15 necesskia em grandes quan- tidades e penso que pode ser obtida mesmo na ffha, reutilizando a das proprias constru@es. OS barrotes de madeira de mangal, ou outra, podem tambem ser cortados na regiZio.

1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS

1.1 ESCUELA 25 DE JUNIO primary school: renovation rua DOS Combatientes building A 9, level of intervention 111

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1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.1 :

1.1 ESCUELA 25 DE JUNIO primary school: renovation

QUAA’T;F/CA?7OA’ storeys: 1 surface: 2,320 square metres 8 reception rooms 4 bathrooms

The one-storey building overlooldng the sea on the East coast is b be used as a primary school. It is built with maIxials and techniques which are not typical of the island: iron, cement and reinforced concrete

S;rATE OFREPAIR Having been built with materials highly unsuitable to the dimate of the island,it has deteriorated more and more rapidly Some beams have split open to reveal the rusty irons inside and are about to give way; there are no window-panes, which makes it impossible to hold lessons whenever strong winds blow in from the sea and both teachersf and childrenfs toilets are in an awful state of repair.

IMERES7i’NG FEATUJEi It is one of the few buildings with features typical of rationalist architecture and dxuments the different stages of architectural evolution on the island.

The intervention foreseen is of renovation and the building will serve the same function it is serving now. No demolition or construction work is foreseen but only restoration work and the upgrading of the fixtures

LAYOUT The main body of the building will house the hall, the secretary’s office, the head’s office, the staff rOOm and a number of toilets. The north wing and the opposite scuth wing will instead house four classrooms obtained by knocking down some partition walls, a corridor and some toilets.

DEMO,!/T/ONAh’D CONSTWCT/ON WORK It will be essential to demolish whole potions and to rebuild what nu,v seems to be unstable. \

ARCH/TECTbYTAL I’ARERVEN~~OIW The main body houses the hall, three classrooms with windows on two walls and the staff room. The toilets are in the north wing. The renovation will not be all that easy as some pillars and concrete beams have been eroded by the severe weather conditions and the salinity of the area. Missing door and window frames will have to be installed and the electrical system and WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM done over.

COSTS Total surface: 673 square metres. Overall cost of the renovation $180.000

1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCl-jOOL BUILDINGS 1.1

1.1 ESCUELA 25 DE JUNIO primary school: renovation

A :a y-----j ;: j i 2 - ”

MAIN ELEVATION

/ I &L.OI

PRESENT SITUATION

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PROPOSED PROJECT s&‘l:400

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1.2 JOSSINA MACHEL primary school: renovation Avenida Amilcar Cabral building A 5, level of intervention III

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1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.2

1.2 JOSSINA MACHEL primary school: renovation

QUAN?XF/CA?7ON storeys:2 surface 600 + 540 square metres 16 moms 3 toilets

UESCRIP77ON The two-storey building standing on a central bt and giving onto a wide square is to be used as a primary school.The building materials and techniques employed are typical of the island ( stone and lime walls,wooden rafters for both floor members and roofing, front dressed in yellow lime plastering.) Access to the buifding is directly from the street and there is an inside staircase connecting the ground floor and the first floor.

S7%TE OFREPAM The building is in a fair state of repair apart from the toilets which are not woting. Serious maintenance work is needed if one is to avoid the building being affected by the deterioration typical of many a building on the island.

fMEREST/NG FEAW?ES It is one of the few buildings on the island prssentfng features typical of rationalist architecture and is a specimen of an important stage of architectural evolution.

SUITZ1BIL/NANDALL OCAnON The intervention foreseen is of renck’ation, the building preserving fts present function. No demolition or construction work is foreseen but only renovation and upgrading of the systems.

cos7Is Total surface 1,340 square metres Total cost of renovation $75.000

1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECTz SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.2

1.2 JOSSINA MACHEL primary school: renovation

PRESENT SITUATION Scale I:400 (THERE ARE NO LAY-OUT ALTERATION)

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1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT SCHOOL BUILDINGS

1.3 CASA DE FIESTAS New primary school in the sports centre Rua DOS Combatentes building A 8; level of intervention II

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1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUlLdINGS 1.3

1.3 CASA DE FIESTAS New primary school in the sports bentre

QUAN?X’CA77ON storeys. 1 surface 3,200 square metres 4 rooms 3 reception rooms 2 kitchens 5 bathrooms

DESCR/?77ON The building is located a-t the East coast, its front to the sea. It was destined to group, sports and entertainment activities. The building materials and techniques are alien to the island (i.e. steel, cement and reinforced concrete).Access to the building is gained from the street through a staircase leading to the portico. The proportions of the building are airyand the rooms large.

The building has now been abandoned; there are only six people squatting in the old dance club. This state of reglect has speeded up a ptocess of deterioration which was already marked.

I NTiERES7XNG FEAT!ES It is one of the few specimens of rationalist architecture existing cn the island, it documents the elements of continuity in architecture, in its different aspects,up to the 1950s.

SUlM?lL/TYANDALLOCA?7ON The ample proportions of the building and its layout make it highly suitable for well-attended public ceremonies; from now on it will be used as a PRIMARY SCHOOL.

LAYOUT By subdividing the existing reception rooms and the main hall it will be possible to obtain six classrooms. Rooms for staff, possibly with private access, will be located cn the south side, administration on the north. Toilets and bathrooms will be housed in the small outer building and another small extension will be built onto the first one.

DEIUOLI?~ONAND CoNSTRUC7-/ON WORK The staircase and body standing against the eastern side of the building will be demolished while the volume of the outer building will be doubled. Some partition walls should be knocked down in the offces and in the staf rooms, while new parti- tions would hale to be put up in the main hall and in tha reception rooms to create the classrooms. New windows should be opened in all the dassrooms (two dassmoms on the we&m side and two on the eastarn one).

ARCH’TECTUffAL /MERvEN7-/ONS The layout of the crfginal building will be partially restored; the hall, excessively large given the function it is to serve, will be subdivided so as to creaka two new classrooms. On the whole, the building will have to present the irationalist architecturei imprint foreseen by the criginal project.

cos7-s Total surface: 916 square metres. The cost for the new school, complete with facilities, is estimated at $250.000.

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1.3 CASA DE FIESTAS New primary school in the sports centre

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PRESENT SITUATION

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PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400


1.4 HOSPITAL New secondary school in the Hospital building Rua da Saude building R 38; level of intervention II

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1. EDUCATIONAL PR6JECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.4

1.4 HOSPITAL ; New secondatfy school in the Hospital building

OUAN7ZF/CA?7ON storeys: 1 surface: 1,477 square metres 10 reception moms 12 smaller rooms 6 bathrooms

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An imposing one-storey mezzanine building, it dominates the large square placed hinge-like between the stone-built town and the Bmacutif town. Built in 1677 to seNe as a hospital, it is nowadays inadequate for such a function and houses only administrative offices. The materials and building techniques employed are those typical of the island ( stone and lime walls, and roofing in wooden rafters).The front is dressed in white pastering. Access to the building is gained by crossing a garden dosed off by gates; one then climbs a tight of sfeps leading to a portico.

SPITE OFREPAM The different uses to which the building has been put over the years have led to its deteriorati0n.A few years ago the building was nxoofed but the walls,windows and floor urgently require an intervention.

I NZERESZ’NG FEAU/RES It is a truly unique building, presenting a number of features, such as the entrance portico, no other building on the island possesses. It has a wealth of ornamental motifs around the windows, pilasters, mouldings and columns

SUlDWU7YANDALLLOCA77ON As the ample proportions of the building make it ideally suitable for the contemporary presence of many people and its representative potential well combines with the cultural and educational vocation it is hoped the island will develop, it is suggested it be converted inb a secondary school.

LAYOur The main body should house the hall, headis office, secretaryis office, staff room and a number of toilets. The north wing, just opposite the south wing, fhould house fcur dassrooms, a hall and toilets.

DEMOLI77ONAND COiXR”C77ON WORK The partition walls preventing one from moving freely between the ~rious bodies of the building will be knocked down so as to obtain a corridor leading to all the classrooms and toilets. Some other walls will be knocked down and doors closed so as to create the classrooms and staff room; the distribution of toilets will be changed.

AKX?lTECTL!RAL lh7iiRVEN~ONS The philological restoration of this monumental building will repropose all the architectural and decorative features of the original building. Columns, labels and ornamental motifs will be restored. Besides, also the electrical system and the sanitation and water-supply systems will be done over. Door and window frames and floors will be renwated.

cosrs Total surface: 1,477 square metres Full architectural restoration Fixtures Total

$220.000 $ 50.000 $270.000

1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.4

1.4 HOSPITAL New secondary school in the Hospital building

GROUND FLOOR -PRESENT SITUATION

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GROUND FLOOR -PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400

; 1. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.5

: 1.5 ANTIGUA LIGA LUSO-AFRICANA ) Crafts Workshop

“1 QUAN7ZF/CAAnON storeys: 1 surface: 1,100 square metres reception rooms 10 kitchen 1 bathrooms 2

DESCRiW7ON One-storey building located in an inter block. Building materials and techniques are indigenous to the island (stone and lime walls, lintels and roofing in wooden rafters). The front has been dressed in yellorr lime plastering.The entrance cjves directly onto the street. The building has been abandoned for some time and has recently been taken over by six war-refugees.

The walls having been overrun by arboreal species endemic in the island, the building is in a vary poor state of repair and the situation is made all the worse by the fact that it has long been abandoned.

/ME#ESTING FEATURES Architecturally speaking, the building is somewhat unusual, above all because of its proportions which make it markedly different from other sites cn the island.

SU/PMLWYANDALl OCAT/ON The ample proportions of the building make it ideal for large gatherings of people and its representaGe nature well suits the cultural and educational role that one wishes the island to play, so that it is suggested it be converted into a technical-vocational secondary school.

LAYOUT The building will comprise a hall, the secretary’s and head’s office on the left and a work-room on the right; the library, archives and store-rooms will be housed in the main body, which does not get much light. Lcoldng northward are another activity room, a classroom and a sbff-toom.The bathrooms and store-rooms are located at the bottom of the open space The open space has a dais (already existing) which can be used for plays or exhibitions.

DEMO.LL/TYONAND CONSTRUC?i’ON WORK Only a wall will be knocked down to create a lager work-room, otherwise the existing layout will be preserved.

ARCHITECTi4flA.L /MERVENL’ONS Careful renovation of the building will allow a number of simple but meaningful architectonic and decorative elements to be brought to light. The inside portico will be renowted and till play a central role. The electrical system, the plumbing and the sanitary fixtures will also all bs remade and doors, windows and floors will be renovated.

cosrs Total surface: 540 Complete architectural rencMation Fixtures

$160.000 $ 40.000

Total $200.000

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I. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1.5

1.5 ANTIGUA LIGA LUSO-AFRICANA Crafts Workshop

MAIN ELEVATION

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PRESENT SITUATION PROPOSED PROJECT scale I:400

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS

2.1 CASA DEL PADRE LOPES New students’ hostel: renovation

level of intervention I

E. l/2000 . - -._ .-.. ..- _...._. -_--- ._.. - -..... --.-. .-

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2.1 CASA DEL PADRE LOPES New students’ hostel: renovation

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QUAN7%F/G477ON storeys:l area: 220 t 160 sq.m. rooms:13 halls:6 kitchens2 bilets:l

This is a group of two buildings. The building used as student residence ran by Padre Lopez has one storey; the other one is completety ruined, inhabited, and has two storeys. The building materials and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lime plastering. Access to the building is directly from the street and there is an inside staircase in the abandoned building.

SW-E OFREPAAIR The two-storey building is in awful state of deteriorationdue to the complete neglection; it is attacked by infesting vegetation. The other building is faept under a consbnt, very small maint?nance.

/NTERES?lNG FEATLRES Because of its typology, the dignity in its architectural quality, decorations of pillars and cornices, the building among many others constitute the historical quality of the urban layout.

SU/T&U7YANC’ALL OCAVON The present use is confirmed.This student residence could be linked to the one housed in the facing Old French Embassy.The combining of the two buildings v,ith the same function can facilitate the refectory system and also tevitalize the area.

LAYOur The one-storey building will be enlarged by two new wings in the courtyard, designed to be bedrooms; the two-storey txlilding must be completely rebuilt.

ARCWTECTURAL /MERI/EN77ONS The building needs walls and coverings restoration; bathrooms and insbllations must be remade.

cosrs Total area: 400 sq.m.

Overall costs $2cxl.000


2.2 ANTIGUA EMBAJADA FRANCESA New students’ hostel: renovation Rua Trist8o da Cunha building R 46; level of intervention II

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS 2.2 :

2.2 ANTIGUA EMBAJADA FRANCESA New students’ hostel: renovation

QUAN7ZFlCA77ON storeys: 2 surface: 1300 t 600 square metres 10 rooms 15 reception rooms 4 kitchens 4 bathrooms

DESCR/pnN Two-storey building locaked on a lot which on one side looks onto the sea and on the other onto the access roue diagonally crossing the island. It is now inhabited by 65 people dkided into families who all live in very bad conditions. The building materials and kzchniques are the traditional ones on the island (stone and lime walls, floor members and roofing in wooden rafters).The outside walls have been dressed in yellow lime plastering, painted white. Access to the building is gained directly from the street;on stepping inside, you find yourself in a hall where there is a #aircase leading upstairs.

S%4TE OFREPAIR The building is de$riorating more and n-ore owing to the lack of mainenance and overpopulation.

/MEflES77NG FEATWES The building was originally destined to the French Embassy and the dignity associated with this role is minored in its architecture: the inner patio is characterised by an cpen-air staircase.The front is decorated with pilasters, cornices and labels.

SU/irABIL/TYANUAlLOCA77ON If opportunely restored, the building could be used for prestigious functions, but the island is unlikely to require anything of the kind. It is therefore suggested it be used as a student hostel so as to form a unique complex with the building opposite (Father Lopez’s student’s hostel).

lAYOur On the ground floor, directly accessible from the entance hall, the project would envisage four study and reading-rooms. The dining-room, the kitchen and the store-room would look out onto the courtyatd.Two blocks of sanitary fixtures would be housed . . in a new building on the northern side of the yard. On the first floor there would be three dormitories, some bathrooms, two : small study rooms and a flat for the hostelfs manager (dining-room, living-room, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom).

DEMO.M’ONANU CONSTRUCTION WORK Partition walls would have to be knocked down on the ground floor to creak reading rooms, a hall, a store-room and a dining- room-Also the body built onto the main building and looldng out onto the courtyard and the small building huddled against the western wall of the courtyard would have to be knocked down. A new body should instead be built along the northern side of the courtyard, close to the main building, to house the sanitary fitires. On the first floor, non-bearing partition walls should be knocked down to create the dorms,an access corridor, a study-room and to get rid of the corridor leading to the external staicase. New walls, instead, should be put up to obtain bathrooms and the bedroom of the flat. The typology of the original building is re-proposed in the layout and in architectural details.The building can easily accommodate a large number of people.

COSTS Total surface: 1,!300 square metres The estimated cost for restorafon work and fixtures is of $65O.ocO

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS 2.2


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LATERAL ELEVATION

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F&T FLOOR - PRESENT SITUATION scale I:400

2. EDUCATlOhAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUOENTS 2.2


MAIN ELEVATION

GROUND FLOOR -PROPOSED PROJECT

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2.3 ESCUELA SECUNDARIA Conversion into new students’ hostel Rua Trist8o da Cunha building A 7; level of intervention II

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS ’ 2.3

2.3 ESGUELA New students’ hostel

QUAN?XWCA?7ON storeys: 2 area: 440 t 440 sq.m. rooms: IO halls: 4 toilets:4

DESCR/f 77ON This is a Forties’ building formerly designed as an hotel built using mixed techniques, partly traditional and partly using iron and other materials rot typical of the island. It overlooks the sea standing in the wide square in front of the Fortress. In the last years it has been used as Secondary School; there are students that run through the island for even 200 kms to attend this school.

Sj’ATE OFREPAR The building is lacking maintenance. However it is not in a much deteriorated condition because of the daily use that keep a suffiient woting level.

I NTERE?TNG FEATURES The typology is alien to the island : it represents an irrported foreigner hotel typobgy.

SU/irABILL/TYANDALLOCA77ON The educational program intends to transfer the Secondary School in the historical Hospital building; the hotel typology suggests to turn the building into students hall of residence, considering also its symbolic value and its central siting.

LAYOUT The central corridor and the double-facing rooms can properly solve the problems connected to student residence

L’EMOL/77ONAND CONS?WC77ON WORKS The building needs extraordinary maintenance and a radical restoration of the sanitation and water-supply syskzm.

cosrs 1 Total area: 880 sq.m.

Supposed overall cost: $90.000


2.3 ESCUELA New students’ hostel

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PRESENT SITUATION ’

PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400

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2.4 CASA DE LAS PILASTRAS All-mail students’ hostel Avenida Am ilcar Cabral building R 26; level of intervention II

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION’FOR STUDENTS 2.4

2.4 CASA DE LAS PILASTRAS All-mail students’ hostel

QUAN77flCA77ON storeys: 2 surface: 2,550 t 500 square metres 14 rooms 10 reception rooms 4 kitchens 5 bathrooms

DESCffW7ON A two-stormy building overfooldng the sea, whose walls still bear traces of the aharations and changes made in the course of time, it is now used as a hostel and inside the patio there is even a small coffee-bar, though habitability requirements are far from being met. The building materials and techniques are those typical of the island (stone and lime walls, lintels and roofing in wooden rafters).The front is dressed in yellow lime plaskring. It gives directly onto the street; inside there are staircases connecting the two fbors.

SZXE OFREPAiR The building is in a sorry s@te of repair as the present occupants do no’maintenance work.

hVZERES7XNG FE~7”RES The building has unique architectural charac$ristics, above all because of the ample proportions differentiating it from all the other buildings on the island.

The ample proportions of the building are ideally suited to the simultaneous presence of many people; given the cultural and educational role advocated for the island, it is suggested that it be converted into an all-male studentsi ho&l.

iAYOur Common rooms and service areas will be created close to the main entrance (two dining-rooms with windows overlooking the street, three rooms used as kitchens on the back, one as a store-room). The central portico is entirely taken up by the living- room. The 13 bedrooms and dormitories, of three different sizes, are lined along the two darkest wings, the east and west wings, and all give directly onto the portico cum living-room (6 rooms with twin-beds; 6 rooms sleeping six and a cbrm sleeping twelve). 1 Two groups of sanitary fixtures, one per wing, will have to be built. Two large rooms on the north side are used the one as a library and study-room, the other as an auditorium.

DEMOL/T/ONAND CONSTRUC77ON WORK To restore the portico area and recreate its original rectangular shape, it will be necessary to demolish two rooms enclosed within the perimeter of the portico on the north side.The east-side block containing the sanitary fixtures will have to be walled off from the ldtchens and the portico, while doors and windows will be opened onto the access corridor leading to the bedrooms. New partition walls will be put up to create the bathrooms. The west-side bedrooms will have to be partitioned so as to reduce their sia? and doors and windows overlooking the portico will be opened in every bedroom. _

ARCHITECTURAL I’M-ERVENZ’ON While residential qarters are planned in full compliance with time-honoured typologies, the dorms obtained from the store- rooms are planned according to a completely different typology. The central patio and the lively activities it houses come to represent an element of continuity between the dd and the new uses the building is put to.

cosrs Total surface 2,170 square melers Restoration of the old residential body $500,000 Restoration of the courtyard and of its original volumes $180,000 Plumbing, sanitary fixtures and dectrical systems $120,000 Total $800,000

..: 2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS 2.4

2.4 CASA DE LAS PILASTRAS All-mail students’ hostel

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GROUND FLOOR --PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400

Esquela de Arquitectura de Aarhus, Secretaria de Estado dacultura-Moqambique, Ilha do MoCambique.

Relatorl+Report 1982-85, Aarhus,l985

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2.5 CASA DE LA ENFILADA All-female students’ hostel Avenida Amilcar Cabral building R 27; level of intervention I

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2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECX ACCOMMODATION FOR STUDENTS 2.5

2.5 CASA DE LA ENFLADA DOS ARCOS All-female student&’ hostel

QUAN7XF/CA?7ON storeys: 2 surface: 1,600 t 860 square metres 10 moms 6 EC. moms 3 kitchens 4 bathrooms

DESCRlP77ON Two-storey building with a large patfo on the back, located in an inside block. Presentfy occupied by 24 people, that is two families, it does not even meet minimum sfandards of habitability The building materials and khniques employed are those traditional on the island (stone and lime walls, lintels and roofing in wooden rafters).The front has been dressed in yelkxv lime plastering. . The entrance gives directly onto the street with a long corridor characterised by a sequel of aches, hence the name used to identify the building); inside staircases join the two flocrs.

SlrATE OFREPAH The building is in a sorry state of repair as the present Bnants do not effect any maintenance wxk. As a matter of fact, the process of deterioration is speeded up cwing to the improper uses to which the inhabitants put the building.

/N?MES77NG FEATURES The building has unusual architectural characbristics such as the arched corridor and the large hall which make it altogether different from the other buildings cn the island.

SU/;rAB/LiTYANDAL L OCA77ON The large proportions of the building make it ideally suitable for large numbers; given the cultural and educational role we would like the island to play, we suggest the building be used as an all girlsi student hostel,shating some facilities with the all- male hostel standing opposite it.

LAYOur The ground floor of the main lobby will house two Idtchens, three store-rooms and the reception rooms (dining-room,study room). Seven bedrooms sleeping three or more and no private bathrooms, two bathrooms and a laundry will be housed on the ground floor in the parts of the building standing around the patfo. On the first floor there will be a few more reception rooms (two living-rooms and a stidy rtWn), a store-room, five bedrooms steeping three or more but no private bathrooms, two toilet blocks.

DEMOU77ONAND CONSTRUC77ON WORK A few parting walls will have to be knocked down to create the patio, the study room and a bedroom,while new walls will have to be put up to create the bedrooms looldng onto the portico and the toilet blocks. Demolition work will have to be carried cut on the first floor to enlarge the store-room, and partition walls will have to be put up to obbin three bedrooms. Two small bodies standing to the side of the external staircase will have to be demolished.

ARCHKECTURAL /NZERVENT/ONS The intervention aims to restore the original appearance of the house by rehabilitating existing portions and by means of reconstruction and integration work so as to restore both the magnificence of the building and the liveliness a lage number of occupants can confer.

cosrs Total surface: 2360 square meters Overall restauratfon and water supply system costs $800.00

2. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION’FOR STUDENTS 2.5 . :.

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2.5 CASA DE LA ENFILADA All-female students’ hostel

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FIRST FLOOR - PRESENT SITUATION scale I:400


2.6 NOT BUILT LOT Temporary house for students Av. DOS Continuadores level of intervention IV

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~.E‘DUCA~~NAL I~~JE~TAAC~~MM~DATI~N FOR sTuDENTS 2.6

2.6: NOT BUILT LOT ,’ Temporary house for students

QUAAf?WCA?7O/V storeys:l area: 340 sq.m. rooms:8 halls2 k’tchens:l toilets:6

DESCR/P77ON Inside an unbuilted lot (the rubble of the previouses buildings has been took away) the realizatiin of a Iparkfng-housei for students is foreseen, to be used during the restoration of the existing student residences. The building materials and hhniques employed will be those typical of the Macuti tradition. This is an example of integration of the Macuti city into the stone city, and it pertains to the ifourth leveli of intervention; it could be extended also to the realizatfon of family houses.

LAYOUT The plan is articulated by four volumes, to keep small the dimensions of the covering pitches, according to the traditional examples. Inside layout follows a new scheme to fit the bedrooms distributive requirements. In the centre there is an open space to which bathrooms give on.

ARCh!/~ECTURA.i /Mi37VE~/OflS Roof made by palm leaves on wccden structure. Walls made by wccden structure filled by dry mud. All this works according to the traditional’ techniques.

COSTS Total area: 240 sq.m.

Overall costs $17.000

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2.6 NOT BUILT LOT Temporary house for students

MAIN ELEVATION

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3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS

3.1 ANTIGUO LICEU Hostel for teachers: renovation Rua Pedro Alvares Cabral building R 51; level of intervention Ii

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3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS 3.1

3.1 ANTIGUO LICEU Hostel for teachers: renovation

QUANT/F/CAAnON storeys: 2 surface: 820 + 180 square metres 7 bedrooms 2 kitchens 2 bathmoms

DESCR/P77ON Two-storey building located in the environs of the Law Court (previously St Domenicois monastery) and of St Domenicois.The building maten’als and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, wooden rafter roofing).The front is dressed in red lime plas&ing. Access to the first floor is directly from the street;access to the first floor is by means of an external staircase, which represents a distinguishing feature. At present the building provides accommodation for teachers and houses 37 people divided into 9 families,living in extremely unwholesome conditions, which pose a serious threat to their health.

STATE OFREPAM The building is degraded oting to the improper use it is put to.

I MERES~NG FEATUfffS Because of such features as the exBmal staircase, it is a truly unique building; the decorative elements, that is the door and window labels and th? eaves are typical of the island.

SU/%i#X/TYANDAL L OCA77ON Though born as a high school Z can be used as accommodation quarters for teachers provided it is upgraded so as b meet habitability standards.

LAYOUT The ground floor should house common areas (the Wing-room, kitchen and store-mom), two single bedrooms and a double room and a bathroom. The second floor will house a living-room, two single bedrooms, two double bathrooms (one of which has a private bathroom) and the toilets.

DEMOLLI77ONAND CONSTRUCTION W0h.K Two halls m the ground floor will be divided so as to obtain two bedrooms,the store-mom and the bathtooms.A partition wall will be knocked down on the first floor so as to obtain the living-room and a hall till be divided so as to create two bedrooms. A new window should be opened on the north-east front.

ARCMTEC7iMA.L INTERVEN~ONS The quality of the building calls for careful interventions so as to restore its original features.

COSTS Ground floor surface: 234 square metres First floor surface: 180 square metres Total surface:414 square metres The cost of the intervention will be of $ 150.000

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3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS 3.1

3.1 ANTlGUO LICEU Hostel for teachers: renovation

MAIN ELEVATION

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GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR. .PROPOSED PROJECT scale I:400

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3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS 32 I

3.2 ANTIGUA CASA DE LAS HERMANAS VICTORIANAS Hostel for teachers: renovation and convesion Traversia sa Saude building R 39; level of intervention II

3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS 3.2 i

3.2 ANTIGUA CASA DE LAS HERMANAS VICTORIANAS Hostel for teachers: renovation and convesion

QUANT;/F/CA77ON storeys: 1 surface: 1,030 square metres 4 reception morns 1 kitchen 2 bathrwms

One-storey building located near the Hospital in a secluded block. The entrance gives directly onto the street Built in local materials with traditional techniques (stone and lime walls, wooden rafter roofing).The front has been dressed in yellow lime plastering. Now occupied by war refugees.

STilTE OFREPAM The building is in a state of utter neglect, which speeds us the already marked process of deterioration caused by the fact that the walls have by now been ownun with arboreal species endemic in the island.

/flERESnNG FEATURES The building was previously used as a nursery school run byvictorian nuns and appears to be most suitable for such a use

SU/TilBILlTYAN~ Ail OCA?YON Its location in the neighbourhood of the Hospital (which should be converted into a secondary school) and the dignified and sombre features its restoration would bring to the light, combined with a few alterations, make it a suitable hostel for teachers.

LAYOUJ The main body of the building should house two large reception rooms (a living room looking onto the street and a dining-room looking onto the inside portico). As per tradition, the ldtchen will give onto the back of the building.There will be two bedteoms ( a single and a double room) with private bathrooms and four rooms with no bathrooms (a double room and three bedrooms with three or more beds). The portions of the building IooMng onto the courtyard will house a shower-room, toilets, a wash- house and a cistern (already existing).

DEMOL/?7ONAND CONSTRUiX’ON WORK Two parting walls will have to be knocked down to obtain a living-room looldng out onto the street and a washroom large . enough. New parting walls will have to be built to provide the two north-eastern bedrooms tith bathrooms.

ARCUITECXLRAL /NiiiRVEN~ONS The house is in a sorry state of repair and has tong been abandoned. As far as possible, renovation should allow for the preservation of the original layout Historically speaking, the building has ahvays been used as residential accommodation for communities and is therefore ideally suited to house communities.

COSJS Total surface: 757 square metres. The estimated cost for WeraIl renovation, and fixtures is of $280.000.

3. EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: ACCOMMODATION FOR TEACHERS

3.2 ANTIGUA CASA DE LAS HERMANAS VICTORIANAS Hostel for teachers: renovation and convesion

3.2

8 34.00 I ’


___--. -- ____.-.

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GROUND FLOOR -PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400

4. CULTURAL AND HOSPITALITY PROJECT

4.0 CASA DEL PORCHE FRENTE AL MAR conversion to Muslim Cultural Centre Av. DOS Combatientes building R7; level of intervention I

40 .

4. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT , 4.0

4.0 CASA DEL PORCHE FRENTE AL MAR conversion to Muslim Cultural Centre

\

QUAN77F/CMON storeys:2 area:600 t 550 sq.m. rooms:11 halls:8 kitchens:2 bilets:5

DESCR/P77ON Two-storey building overlooking the sea; the different stages of enlarging and renovation that transformed the building are recognizable on the walls. At present it is uninhabited, just in some days few people are occupying a. The building ma&fats and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lime plasterfng. Access to the building is directly from the street and there is an inside staircase.

SDITE OFREPAAIR In the last decades the building suffered some renovation works carried out with techniques and materials unsuitable b the local climate (iron, concrete). The building has now been abandoned; this state of neglect has speeded up the process of deterioration. Infesting species typical of the island are already attacking the ruins.

/%TERES7ZNG FEAURES The portico overlooking the sea gives to the building a high environmental quality which is one of the most beautiful of the island; architectural quality and proportions made this building a very special feature. It is available complete photographic documentation of this building, staring when it was still intact until its progressive destruction.

SUlDWWYANDALLOCA770N The building has the characteristics of a comfortable ‘residetiality” on the island. The near St. Domenico Mosque suggests b

use the building as a Muslim Cultiral Centre providing also apartments for visitors (it should be used as Aga Kahn Centre).

LAYOUT At the ground floor will find place the several functions of the cultural centre:a library (two halls),‘meeting-rooms (three halls), the secretary’s office (near the entrance), the storeroom and the bathrooms, the cistern (existing). At the first floor there will be the residential functions: kitchen, livingroom and diningroom overlooking the sea, three bedrooms with bathrooms outside in the corridor (two double rooms and a room with three or more beds), one suite with its own bathroom.

DEMOL/?TONAND CONSTRUCTION WORKS The complete rebuilding of the floor at the first level (partially collapsed), the reopening and reconstruction of the portico, the reconstmction of the stairs that lead to the first floor are the foreseen v,orks, as well as the demolition of some walls: at the ground floor to place the library and the meeting-rooms; at the first floor to create the suite. A new layout will be arranged to place the ldtchen and and bathrcoms at the second floor On the North-East Being side four new windows will be opened.

ARCMTECTURAL IMERVENZ’ONS The “reconstruction in style” principles will be followed for the restorafon, since the photographic documentation is abundant and the importance of the building justifies this ldnd of intervention. Architectural details, floors, and finishes demand high quality works.

cosrs Ground Aoor area: First floor area: Total area:

744 sq.m. 575 sq.m. 1319 sq.m.

Overall restoration cost will be $ 550.000

.

4. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT

:.:

4.0 CASA DEL PORCHE FRENTE AL MAR conversion to Muslim Cultural Centre

MAIN ELEVATION

GROUND FLOOR

PRESENT SITUATION FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR ,PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400

FIRST FLOOR

’ Esquela de Arquitectura de Azkhus, Secretaria de Estado dacultura-Moqambique,

* Ilha do Mopmbique. . Relatorio-Report 1982-85, Aarhus,l985

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4.1 MEZQUITA DE SANTO DOMINGO Mosque of St. Domenico district: renovation AV DOS Continuadores building R 7; level of intervention I

41 .

\ 4. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT : 4.1

4.1 MEZQUITA DE SANTO DOMINGO : Mosque of St. Domenico district: renhtion

!

QUAN77F/CA?7ON storeys: 1 area: 160 sq.m. rooms.: 3

DfSCR/P77ON One-storey building overlcoldng the seashoreToday it is used as mosque and it welames a large number of people in the prayer time. The materials and building techniques employed are those typical of tha island (stone and lime walls, wooden joisted floors and ceilings ). The external walls are dressed in yellow lime plastering painted white Entrance is directly from the street.

SirATE OFRE?A/ff The building is in seriously bad repair due to lack of maintenance and negligence

/KERESs7;/NG FEATURES According to somebody this has been the firs mosque on the island, so it bears a h!gh historic value. The building decorations are pilasters and cornices.

SU/5lB/L/TYAND Al L OCA77ON It has to be realiied a restoration that will keep the use of the building as mosque, also taking in consideration of the fulure realization of the near Muslim Cultural Centre.

LAYOUT The same as now.

C’EhfOUl7ONAND CONS7WC77ON WORKS Philological restoration with conservation aims.

cosrs

Total area: 180sq.m.

Supposed overall restoration cost: $200.000

.: ‘.! ::

4. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT 4.1

4.1 MEZQUITA DE SANTO DOMINGO Mosque of St. Dome&o district: renovation

- I i

-PRESENT SITUATION

.PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1:400


4.2 CASA DEL ANTIGUO GOBERNADOR Lodging for hhslim Cultural Centre’s guests Av. DOS Continuadores building R 9; level of intervention I

42 .


4.2 CASA DEL ANTIGUO GOBERNADOR Muslim cultural centre

QUAN?XF/CA77ON storeys::! area:2100 t 1600 sq.m. rooms:1 5 halls:16 Htchens:2 toilets:7

DESCRP77ON Two-storey building placed into an inner block, but in a gxd position overiooldng the sea, from the shorter side of the Hacio square. At present 20 people (three families) occupy it. Living condition are very poor. a half of the building is ruining, the other half is used as residence. The building matarials and kzchniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lima walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lime plastering. Access to the building is gained by crossing a garden and there are inside staircases connecting the different lewls.

SPITE OFREPAIR The building is in state of neglect. It is partially ruined. The inhabited part is being spontaneously modifying by using material and techniques typical of tha city of Macuti.

I MERES77NG FEATURES Since the Jesuits expulsion at the end of the XVIII century the building has been the Govemorfs Palace. Majestic proportions make this buliding a unic+re feature of the island.

The representative character of this building suggest to use it as residence for the Muslim Cultural Centre

LAYOur At the ground floor will find place the functional tooms: reception, secre+ary’s office , wardrobe, and common spaces: livingroom, dinigroom, kitchen. At the first floor will be five bedrooms with bathrooms (two single rcoms,two double rcoms and a mom with three or more beds), and one suite .

DEMOi/TIONAND CONSTli@C?7ON WORKS The demolition of the outside s8irs and the complete rebuilding of the floor at the first level (partially collapsed), are the foreseen works, as well as the demolition of scme walls: at the ground floor to create the livingroom and the dinigroom; at the first floor to enlarge the space that gives free access to the tenace. A new layout will be arranged to place the suite and to equip the rooms with private bathrooms at the first Roor.

ARCMTECTURAL /MERVEN?7ONS The ireconstnrction in stylei principles will be followed for tha restoration, since the photographic documentation is abundant and the importance of ths building justifies this kind of intervention. Architectural details, floors, and finishes demand high quality works.

cosrs Ground floor area: 740 sq.m. First floor area: 663 sq.m. Total area: 1403 sq.m.

Overall restoration cost will be $600.000

4. CULTURAL AND HOSPITALITY PROJECT 4.2

4.2 CASA DEL ANTIGUO GOBERNADOR Moslem cultural centre

MAIN ELEVATION

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GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

PRESENT SlTUATlOkJ scale i:400


4.2 CASA DEL ANTIGUO GOBERNADOR Moslem cultural centre

: ! --

GROUND FLOOR.

FIRST FLOOR.

.PROPOSED PROJECT scale I:400


4.3 ANTIGUO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR St. Paolo’s museum: renovation Av. DOS Continuadores building R 1 I; level of intervention I

43 .

_--...

;. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT 4.3

4.3 ANTIGUO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR St. Paolo’s museum: renovation

~UAN7X=/CA?7ON storey.s:2 area: 6270 + 1500 sq.m. rooms:20 halls:25 litchens:2 toilets:4

DESCR//pnA’ Two-storey building with central patio. Adjacent to the F%lace stands the San Paolo ChapeLThese two buildings are the most important on the island and they appear at first in the square that historically represented the main acosss to the island. At present both the Palace and the Chapel are used as museum.The Palace houses also theTechnical Office for Conserva- tion and Restoration of the Mozambiio Island. The building materials and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in ted lime plastering. Access to the building is directly from the street by crossing a portico and there are inside staircases connecting ths different levels.

STATE OFREPAiR Both the buildings are in good state of repair, especially if compared to the general bad situation of the island. Restorations in so far realiaed have been executed with unsuitable materials and bchniques.

I N;TERESsT/NG FEATURES It.is one of the most important building on the island (ii was formerly the Jesuits College until the end of the XVIII century), because of its history, its site, its proportions, its architectural quality The staircase that overlooks the wide central patio makes the building a landmark.

SUWh5WTYANDAL~OCA77ON The present use is confinned.

LAYOur The palace is used as museum and the exhibition arrangement works in a quite right way Unfortunately in the 60is was

\ . realized a wrong restoration that compromised scme parts.

DEMOLI77ONAND CONSTRUC77ON WORKS The demolition of the outside Mrs and the complete rebuilding of the floor at the first level (partially collapsed), are the foreseen works, as well as the demolition of some partition walls: at the ground floor to create the livingroom and the diningmom; at the first floor to enlarge the space that gives free access to the tenace.At the first floor a new layout will be arranged to place the suite and to equip the rooms with private bathrooms at the first floor.

ARCh’/TFiCTURAi /hZERVEN?YONS The building needs interventions aimed to restore the original materials,where iron and concrete were layed. Beams and imn elemnts have been inserted into the traditional walls, provoking cracks and damages to the structure. Iron is eroded by the salinity and it should not be used in this region.

cosrs Ground floor area: 2227 sq.m. First floor area: 2055 sq.m. Total area: 4662 sq.m. Walls renew Ceilings Floors Inside works in the chapel and in ths palace Technical expenses Unexpected TOTAL

$60.000 $ 15.000

$ zoo0 $60.000 $10.000 $6.000

$200.000

4. CULTURALAND HOSPITALITY PROJECT 4.3 .:: -_’

4.3 ANTIGUO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR St. Paolo’s museum: renovation : .

i .7&

M-AIN ELEVATION

i.

li 20

GROUND FL00



4.4 ANTIGUO PALACIO EPISCOPAL Lodgings for Town Hall guests Rua dos Combatentes building R 47 and R 48; level of intervention I

44 .

-


4.4 ANTIGUO PALACIO EPISCOPAL Lodgings for Town Hall guests

QUAN7F/CA77ON storeys: 2 surface: 1350 + 860 square metres 6 lwms 3 reception mms 1 kitchen 4 bathmoms

DESCR//pnON Two-storey building ovetlookjng the sea, with a small adjpining chapel. It is now uninhabited. The building materials and &chniques employed ate typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floor-members and rwfing in wooden rafters).The front has been dressed in yellow lime plastering. The entrance gives directly onto the street and there is an inside &ircase.

Although at present uninhabited, the building has been subjected to a number of interventions to ensure its upkeep, the last of which was completed in 1996.

Given its original use, it is one of the most elegant buildings on the island. Among the significant architectonic details mention should be made of the front pilasters, the eaves and door and window labels.

The building is elegant enough to house the Municipalityis guest quarters and be used on special occasions

LAY007 The ground floor will be given over to management facilities (looms for the caretaker and the night watchman) and the common moms (dining-mm, living-room and kitchen).The old church will be turned into a meeting-room. The first floor houses the bedrooms ii all having their own bathroom - (3 icorns sleeping three, a double morn,,, mom sleeping three or more, a suite ) and a store-room.

DEMOMi’ONAND CONSTRUCUON WORK The portion of building now huddled against the north side of the building will be demolished and all the inside partition walls of the church will be removed so as to restore the original architecture of the single nave church.The large toom on the eastern side of the building is divided into two smaller moms to be used as a dining-room and a living-room. On the second tloor the corridor on the north side will be done away with and three windows will be opened on that same side. Some new partition walls will be put up so as to obBin the private bathrooms.

ARCtXECTURAL hRERVEN77ONS The aim is to make the building fit for the ceremonial role it has always played by restoring as much as possible of the original layout and architectural detail. As regards the church, careful restoration work should enable one to assess whether it is advisable to restore the single nave, which could then be used as a n-&ing-room. The building is in quite a good sBte of repair.

cosrs Total surface: 2,200 square metres The estimated cost for the i&gral restoration of the two buildings is of $200.000

.

- ---

4. CULTURALAND HOSPliALlTY PROJECT


MAIN ELEVATION

GROUND FLOOR.




GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR.

PROPOSED PROJECT scale 1 i400


4.5 IGLESIA DE SANTO DOMINGO Public library

QUAN7;rFAJ7ON storeys: 1 area: 300 sq. m.

DESCR/P77ON Clerkal aisleless building; placed near the Court palace The building is made by means of traditional materials and techniques from the island (stone and lime walls). Lime plaster external lining. Entrance is from an inside church-square

S5lATE OFREPAIR The building la&s completefy the roof. Walls are patially demolished. However, the building typology is still clear.

I MERES7XNG FEATURES Both the Church and the Mona&y played an important part in the Island growth. Therefore the architectonical remains represent the only evidence of this memory.

SU/TAB/TYANDAUOCA77ON Public library to be housed into the wick nave which has to be appropiately rebuilt.

LAYOUT A mezzanine will be placed all around the perimettic walls inside the church. A counter for the library staff will be put in the entrance room (narthex) at the ground floocThe reading room will be in the ex-church hall. Further reading places will be set out at the mezzanine level. The room above the entrance will be used as private room.

DEMOL/77ONAND CONSTRUCTION WORKS Reroofing;consolidatiin and completion of the boundary walls following the principles of philological restoration, to show again the former building shape

cosrs Ground floor area: Mezzanine area: Total area:

300 sq.m. 260 sq.m. 560 sq.m.

Overall cost $850.000


4.5 IGLESIA DE SANTO DOMINGO Public library

MAIN ELEVATION ,

GROUND FLOOR

PRESENT SITUATION

scale 1:400

GROUND FLOOR

PROPOSED PROJECT

SECTION AA

FIRST FLOOR


4.6 FORTALEZA Archeological research centre and hotel

building R 2; level of intervention I

46 .


4.6 FORTALEZA Archaeological research centre and hotel

Covered area considered in the project: 6000 sq.m.

The fortress is the dearest symbol of the idea of’coming from outside”and staying separate from the local reality. At present it is without any use, the lccals use it as water supply, for drinking and mashing. The outside fortifications of the fortress ate very old, starting in 1522; inside Nostra Signora do Baiuatte Church placed on the most external rocky abutment , there is a memorial plaque remembering three monks living there yet in the 1516. The fortress underwent continual inside transformations, even in the decades before the Independence: there are reinforced concrete volumes of ru value.

SjrATE OFREPAD? The building ma&ials and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lima plastering. Access to the building is directly from the street and there is an inside staircase.

/MERESUNG FEATURES The fortress is the oldest document of tt-e human occupation of the island, so it has a great historical value. Nossa Senora do Baluarte Church deserves a particular attention: it is built with magnificent gothic-renaissance lines, it is likely one of the ddest “european” architecture of the whole Africa.

SUI;rAB/L~ANDAf LOCAnON The fortress seems to be suitable to offer hospitality to tourists and scholars:a study centre on sea archaeology and a hotel for the visitors conserving the sober and simple character of ths place could be the perfect solution.

LAYOUT Next to the entrance there are reception, restaurant and cafe. Into the volumes an the left of St. Sebastin Church are placed rooms and offices for the Sea Archaeology Research Centre.The volumes beiiind the church house the restoration workshop. The nineteenth century church standing in the central space is reused as auditotium and performance hall: this toom used also for shu#s represents a link tith the whole island. The eastern wing will house exhibitions in its vaulted halls. The managing and Bathing area will be arranged In the southern volumes. Bedrooms for visitors and linked open spaces will be placed in the wesbrn side of the building.

A,WiXECTURA,! lMERVEN77ONS The building needs walls and covxings restorab’on; new partition walls will be realized. Bathrooms and installations must be remade. It is important to keep some typical characteristics of the place, as the large central space that reminds the drill ground and the militar aspect. It is also important that no albration will be brought in the outside walls line and that no higher volume will be built.

ENVt’RONMENl4L INTERVEN77ONS A plantation will be carried out on the open spaces behind the church-auditorium so as to create a garden and a spot of shadows and perfumes.

COSTS Supposed overall costs $3.000.000

Prof. Duarte (see report) foresees for installations an added cost of $160.000 and an annual management cost of $200.000.


4.6 FORTALEZA Archeological research centre and hotel 1. Entry

- - ------ --- 2. Conference center 3. Rooms, office 4. Storage 6. Laboratories, restoratio 6. Exibition room archaeol 7. Exibition room biology

8. Lecture room 9. Self - service 10. Administration 11. Curios shop 12. Restaurant 13. Bar 14. Rooms’for toutis:s 15. Reception

I

16. Open air restaurant 17. Garden piazza

I . i 18. Open air exibition 19. Open spaces used by r, 20. Chapel of ‘Nossa Senh,

do6aluerte”

-----12~ I I!’ I ----..L!l 1.1

. Fortaleza de S. Sebastiao: prospectic view . .

4.6

Present situation Scale I: 1500

3. Rooms, off ice

6. Exibition room archaeology 7. Exibition room biology 8. Lecture room 9. Self - service 10. Administration 11. Curios shop 12. Restauran: 13. Bar 14. Rooms for tourists 15. Reception 16. Open air res:aurant 17. Garden piazza 16. Open air exibition 19. Open spaces used by rooms 20. Chapel of “Nossa Senhora

do6aluerte”

Proposed project Scale I: 1500

.

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Prospectic view of the entrance

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4.7 COMPLEJO ESCLAVOS Documentation centre on the slave trade Traversia da Sk building R 16; R 17 R 18; level of intervention Ii

47 .

E. 112000

4. CULTURALAND HOSPfTALlTY PROJECT 4.7

4.7 COMPLEJO ESC&AVOS Documentation centre on the slave trade

storeys:2 area: 1600 sq.m. rooms:9 halls:tl Idtchens:5 toilets:4

This is a group of three two-storey buildings; two of them are single houses, the third is a large building connected tith the others by a wide patio. The two single houses overlook the Travesia da Se, the lager building is facing the Avenida de la Republica. The building maGals and khniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lima plastering, in white the large building.

Si37-E OFREPAM At present the group is inhabited, but it is completely lacking of maintenance. Some maintenance works have been carried out on the lager building,whose fa$ade has been repainted. The excessive number of inhabitants is one of the causes of the state of deterioration.

I AKERESUAfG FfATUBES The quality of the group is high: both small buildings and the lager are finished with good quality details; there is also a portico of considerable architectural elegance Historically slave trade was car&d out in the building; in the central patio slaves were exhibM for the sale. Historical and symbolic value is deeply linked to the tragic role that the island flayed through the centuries.

The group should be used as a document of the slavery time. This can be achieved by showing some parts in their original aspect, and arranging the others as studies and documentation centre (i.e. for exhibitfons).

LAYOUT l

In the spaces overlooking the patio it will be proposed again the outline of the old function in a museum-like form. New exhibition spaces with adjoining offices and bathrooms.

’ A plan showing the lapout of the functions has not yet been designed because further studies must be thoroughly carried out.

Philological restoration for some parts ; new space arrangement; all realized with traditional building techniques.

COSTS Supposed overall costs $300.000


4.7 COMPLEJO ESCLAVOS Documentation centre on the slave trade

-PRESENT SITUATION scale 1:400

j L-

.;.

i-

Esquela de Arquitectura de Aarhus, Secretaria de Estado dacultura-MoCambique, l/ha do MoGambique.

Relatorio-Report 1982-85, Aarhus,! 985

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5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM

5.1 ALFANDEGA Old customs house: renovation Rua TristZio da Cunha building R 13; level of intervention II

51 .

5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM 5.1

5.1 ALFANDEGA .Old customs house: renovation

QUAN7XF/CA77ON storeys: 1 area: 3100 sq. m. rooms: 15

DESCRW7ON Very important historical building, existing from the early XVIII century. One-storey building placed in the Fiilacio square. It representad throghout centuries the gate from the sea to the Island, acting as customs-house The building is made by means of traditional materials and technkpes from the island (stone and lime walls, wooden joisti floors and ceilings).The original roof has been replaced with a four-pitch roof in asbestos cement plates Lime plaster extemal lining coloured yellow. Entrance is from an inside church-square

SPITE OFRE?A//R The building underwent a lot of renovation works carried out with inappropriate materials that damaged its structure and its former look. At the moment it is in s$te of total neglect. Following alteratfons fit it to the needs of the sevsral occupiers.

/iVTERESZ!NG FEATURES Important historical value due especially to the privileged site of the building in front of the dock. Pilaster strips and labels are decorative elements.

The Alfancfega will play an important part In the revitalsation scene of the island ; it will be used again as customs- house for tourists that will land in the Country from here Since it will be an only touristic access, the building will be provided by reception facilities (cafeteria, restaurant, shops, info point).

LAYOUT The external building shape will be maintained and in the wide inside spaces the layout will be arranged according to the visitors’ ~ys convenience; the visitors presence is foreseen to be in lage numbers concentrated in short times.

DEIUO~/T’ONAND GONS?XfC77ON WORKS It is important that a philological restoration has to be real&d on the external look of the building, so as to show again the original eighteenthcentury appearance The building will be completely retoofed; plasters and decoration restored.

COSTS Total area: 3100 sq.m. Overall cost $450.000


5.1 ALFANDEGA Old customs house: renovation

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5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERlTAGE AND TOURISM 5.1

5.1 ALFANDEGA Old customs house: renovation

1 WHARF 2 CUSTOMS ENTRANCE 3 CORRlDOA 4 COMMERCIAL WALKWAY 5 CHECKPClKT 6 POLICE OFFICE 7 DIREC-IOR 8 WCTOR CABINET 9 DUTY FREE SHOP 10 WAiTfNG ROOM TELEPHONE 11 RESTROOM 12 WAREROOM 13 TRAVEL AGENCY 14 TURIST INFORMATION 15 BOOK SHCf’ 16 SHOP 17 RESTAURANT RAR 18 KITCHEN 19 PERGOLA

.PROPOSED PROJiCT scale I:500

--


5.2 PRAFA DO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR Palace square, “core area”: renovation and refurbishing AK DOS Continuadores level of intervention between I and III

52 .

-.. __ ..---.


5.2 PRAGA DO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR Palace square, “core area”: renovation and refurbishing

QUANT;/F/CA77ON area: 7000 sq.m.

G’ESCRP77OAf Functions and places that historically constituted the “entrance door” for the island must be m-established: it is evident that the arrival from the sea represents something fascinating. In case the airport next to the bridge on the mainland Here restored, it must be taken into consideration that a connection by sea should be provided. In the hypothesis of a new sailing development of the area the rroles likely most suitable are those historically existing.

So the docks represent an enltance Since an entrance from abroad is supposed,the dd customs (alfandega) are replaced inside the volumes that housed U-em in the past.

The first impact with the island underlines the historical issue: the large square in front of the former Governor’s Palace is renewed by restoring the old paving, remaldng the central gai&o, replanting trees. This square must not have only the old monumental function; so a market selling craftsworks, seashells and local products v+ilI occupy a half of the square.

In the Palace housing the Island’s Museum, some halls of the Governor’s seat will be shown again with their original furniture. Also the garden of the Palace, placed at an upper level compared to the square, must be restored so as to make it belong to the global complex. Next to Miserfcordia Church that overlooks the square it is placed the beautiful SacreArt Museum.The short way neighbourfng the docks constitutes a suggestive touristic presemation.

I NTERESUNG FEAUIES This square represented during the centuries the access to Mozambico from Europe In the travellers literature of the XVIII century this is a recurrent place in descrfptions and reproduced in prints.

ENc/RONMEEN;rAL INTERVEN?YONS Conservation and restoration of the existing pavings; completion of missing parts. Plantation with local species. From the docks until the Fortress, the beach sbuld be safeguarded and restored so as to people can bathe and to revitalize the touristic way from the docks to the Fortress.

Restoration and plantation supposed costs: $180.000


5.2 PRACA DO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR ! Palace square, “core area”

PRESENT SITUATION


5.2 PRAGA DO PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR Palace square, “core area”: renovation

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*, \

1 WHARF 2 BEACH 3 E4THlNG HUS 4 BERTH 5 CUSTOMS 6 BUS STATION - RICKSI 7 pAtAcl0 s. PAUL0 8 OPENAIR GALLERY 9 CONCERT PLACE 10 MARKET PLACE

PROPOSED PROJECT

--


5.3 PRACA DEL PONTE The bridge squa re: refurbishina ._______ ~ area leading to the island level of intervention III

53 .

5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM 5.3 j

5.3 PRAGA DEL PONTE The bridge square: refurbishing

QUAN7K’CA77ON area: SO.000 sq.m

The square is a wide open space with a view on the southern end of the island.The access to the square is directly from the bridge connecting the dry land. Historically the area has ahvays been desert and reserved for burials (christian, muslim, hindu cul k).

SirATE Of REPAl Excepting some plantation of trees no environmental features with historical value are to be find here therefore there are no elements to restore or to preserve.

This place represents the first contact with the environmental characters of tha island. it is the access by car to the island and sorting area for tourism and logistic transports.

SUK40/L/LTYANDALLOCAT/ON Because’of its urban-environmental relevance, this place will be rearranged in relation to the arrival of the visitors coming from the dry land.

iAYOu7 The environmental issues of this space will be privileged so as to enhance the perception from Br of the coastal line, of the beach and of the St. Francisco Saverio Chapel. Sheltered accesses will be realized, placed far from the cemetery gates. A paved open space for loading and unloading of goods and for a service pating (even this far from the view along the main mute) till be realized inside the thick plantation of trees. Great emphasis will be put on the touristic way crossing the undergrowth and passing to the oriental shore of the island, towards St. Antonio Church, so as to make the route running along the coast that overlooks the sea, and avoiding the present central passage that divides the city of MaccAi at a higher level than that of the ground U-I which residences are built.

ENWONMENPIL /NTERVEN77ONS Plantation with local species. Reshaping of the ground with outcropping of the rocky substratum. Realization of an open space for pating. Mating out of the new road.

COSTS Total area: SO.000 sq.m.

Supposed overall costs $200.000


5.3 PRA$A DEL PONTE The bridge square

.

5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERITA’GE AND TOURISM 5.3

5.3 PRACA DEL PONTE The bridge square


5.4 PROJECT FOR THE POPULARISATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDING METHODS

54 I

5. PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM !’ 5.4

5.4 PROJECT FOR THE POPULARISATION OF TRADITIONAL; BUILDING METHODS \

DESCA/P77ON The third part of this report explains the problems about traditional building methods and the most commas mistakes made even in private estates during restoralons, maintenance works ad new buildings It is urgent to teach the whole population the suitable building methods, not only from an aesthetical point of view, but also and above all to aim to efficacy, duration and stability of works. It is a question of composing and publishing an illustrative brochure that explains materials and techniques by means of visual communication systems, with ad few written texts as possible to help who is not familiar with reading.

One brochure will deal with building kchniques in stone and lime; a second cne will treat the ‘Macuti” techniques.

Two’sample building-sites” will be set up in both the two realities where it will be possible directly verify the building principles used, the materials, the results.They will be made by two small buildings partially built so as to leave in evidence the different building stages. This two buildings will represent teaching material b the UNESCO Office staff, that will reside in the Culture House on the island.

COSTS

Publication costs: $ 3.000 Two building-sites costs: $12.000

6. PROJECT ON TOURISM

6.1 CASA DEL GIRASOL Sunflower house: conversion to residence Av. DOS Herois building R 20; level of intervention II

61 .

E. l/2000 _. _-_. ._ -... __ ..---


6.1 CASA DEL GIRASOL Sunflower house: conversion to residence

6.1

QUAN7XF/C477ON storeys: 2 area: 930 t 620 sq.m. rooms: 12 halls: 6

DESCR/P?7ON The house is now occupied by 42 people; most of them are relatives of police officers. The building is made by means of traditional materials and techniques from the island (stone and lime walls, woodenjoisted floors and ceilings ). Lime plaster external lining coloured yellow. Entrance is directly from the street; there are inside stairs.

The building is lacking maintenance for several years. However it is not in a much deteriorated condition. Roof and floors are in good state of conservation.

IWIERES?~!NG FEATURES High quality of the surroundings due especially to the site of the house in the Capitania’s Square. Its proportion and dimension distinguish it from the surrounding city situation. Pilaster strips, mouldings, labels are decorative elements as well as the tympanum in the facade; in the centre of the tympanum a sunfower is represent?d, which gives the name to the house

The building was intended to be used for amministrative functions ; in the recent years was occupied by the police officers families. Great dimensions and the peculiar digniiy of the building make it suitable to turn into a ho8l.

LAYOUT The house for the family that will run the hotel will on the right side afterward the entrance at the ground floor. The remaining rooms of the ground floor and of the first floor will be rearranged, and turned into rooms with bathroom. Main walls will be kept. At the first floor there are two living-rooms that overlook the square;one of them will be used at breakfast time, Altogether there will be 13 guests rooms. \

DEMOi/TIONAND CONS7WC77ON WORKS Main walls are almost completely retained; existing sBirs are used. Several new doors will be opened and scme closed. Waterworks to create the bathrooms will be the biggest works.

COSTS Total area: 1600 sq.m.



6.1 CASA DEL GIRASOL Sunflower house: conver+ion to residence

GROUND FLOOR -PRESENT I~TuATI~N

FIRST FLOOR - PRESENT SITUYATION SCRIP I:400

,’


6.1 CASA DEL GIRASOL Sunflower house: conversion to residence

GROUND FLOOR -PROPOSED PROJECT

FIRST FLOOR -PROPOSED-PROJECT scale 1:400

;Escwela de Akuitectura: :de karhus, Sedretaria de :Estado daCuRura-MoGambique, I l/ha do Mo&imbique. Relatorio-Report 1982-85, Aarhus,l985-

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6.2 CASA SWAHILI conversion to residence Rua Jo80 Deus building R 23; level of intervention II

62 .

E. l/2000 . ..____- --.-._--.. ---- --_--

6. PROJECT ON TO”R&l 6.2

6.2 CASA SWAHILI .; conversion to residence

QUAN7WCA77ON storeys: 2 area: 1100 t 660 sq.m. rooms: 15 halls: 7

DESCff/F77Off One-storey building placed near the town-halLThe house is now neglected; only a three-people family lives there. The materials and building khniques employed are those typical of the island (stone and lime walls, wooden joisted floors and ceilings ).The external 141s are dressed in yellow lime plastering. Entrance is directly from the street.

SDf JE OF REPAM The building is in seriously bad repair. It has been attacked by infesting species typical of the island.

/MERESs7-ING FEATURES High architectural quality due especially to beaufful proportions and to the original inside patio. A valuable portico overlooks the patio; it recalls the portoguese Goa typologies , as others porticos on the island do.The overall layout , with long corridors leading from the street to the inside, recalls Swahili traditions.

SUlDl8iWYANDALLOCA77ON The building always had a high residential quality; this make it suitable b turn into a guest-house in the scene of a diffuse housing based on a domestic management in the historical centre.

LAYOUT The house for the family that will run the hotel will be on the right side afterward the enttance;on the left four guest rooms; all the toilets will be in the patio. In the longer block there will be other 5 guests IDoms.

DEMOiI?Z’ONAND CONSTRfC77ON WORKS It is important to present the open spaces qality and the beautiful proportions of the moms.

COSJS


6. PROJECT&N TOURISM 6.2

6.2 CASASWAHILI converbion to residence

---PRESENT SlTUATldN scale 1:400

-PROPOSED PROJECT .


6.3 RUA COMERCIAL CON ARCOS residential and business renovation

building R f 5; level of intervention 1

63 .

_-_._--- - - ._

\

G.‘PROJECT ON TOURISM 6.3

6.3 RUA COMERCIAL CON ARCOS residential and business renovation \

&SCR/P?7ON The street that leads to the square of the Police Station from the Pdlacio area is characterized by an arcade for pedestrians built in the Fifties absorbfng the XVIII century buildings with shops sited between the street and the seashore. This urban feature became a landmark of the island because of the several shops that made tthis street the liveliest of the village. In this project the above added fagade and the arcade are considered together 14th a shopping and housing typology similar to all which make up the whole block. It is evident that the conservation of the fapde make sense only if it is cartfed out together with the revitalisation of all the buildings.

SlrATE OFlZPAL4 Even in the recent crfsis single and small hades kept on !.lorking, therefore an ordinary maintenance assured a certain

conservation.

I MEfiES?YNG FEA7URES The arcade is a landmark in the architectural scene of the island.

SU/5lB/L/TYANDALL OCA?7ON Mixed trades and housing is historfcally present in this district which profit by the overlook on the sea and by a street with high passage; this characteristic is confirmed with the restoration and revitalisation intervention.

The ground floor is wholly destined to trade: the rooms facing the street used as shops, the ones at the back as store-moms. The first floor will house apartments.

DEMOL/~ONAND CONS7iiUC77ON WORKS The restoration has to be real&d coordinating the different parts of the works so as to achieve an even tratment of both facade and arcade

COSTS

Supposed cost for a portion of 200 t 230 sq.m. : $120.000

7. SOCIAL PROJECT

7.1 CARCEL jail: renovation Avenida dos Herois building A 4; level of intervention II

71 .

7. SOCIAL PROJECT 7.1

7.1 CARCEL jail: renovation

QUAN~F/CA77ON storeys:l lot area: 725 sq.m. rooms:8 03ilets:2

DESCR/pT/ON One -storey building placed in an inside lot.The building suffered great damages in the last hurricane without any subsequent repain’ng work. Most rooms lack coverfng, therefore the prisoners must be crowded in the few covered rooms to provide them shelter for sleeping. The building materials and techniques employed are typical of the island (stone and lime walls, floors and roofing in wooden rafters). External walls dressed in yellow lima plastering.

STATE OFREPAlff At present the building is completely neglected and the prfsoners live in inhumane conditions.

/MEREWNG FEATLMES The singular typology distinguishas from the surrounding ox-rtext.

LAYOUT’ The larger room will be subdivided in five new cells equipped with bathrooms. To prisoners waiting proceeding could be destfned the other large room, equipped with its own bathrooms block. In the north side of the building the kitchen and the bathrooms are foreseenThe comer facing South will house the guard rooms.

At?CHlTECTURAL /NZERVENNT/ONS New inside partition are foreseen to create cells with their bathrooms, common bathrooms and those for the confined waiting proceeding.

cosrs

Total area: 725 sq.m.

Supposed costs $50.000

7. SOCIAL PROJECT 7.1

7.1 CARCEL jail: renovation

I I S;:O

PRESENT SITUATION’

@ROPOSED PR’OJECT sciile i :4D0

7. SOCIAL PROJECT

7.2 HOSPITAL Hospital: renovation and modernisation Rua da Saude building behind the id Hospital R 38

72 .

7. SOCIAL PROJECT 7.2 --.-- .-- --.. ..- -,, -_ --

7.2 HOSPITAL Hospital: rendvatlon and modernisation

The historfcaf hospital established in 1870 in (f-e represantative neoclassical building has been progressively enlarged with pavillions placed behind the brmer building , this has been neglected because it wasn’t fcnctional IO ba managed. In the educational program, the hospital historic building will house a secondary school.

The pavillions that constitute the hospital has been alternatively used and abandoned. During war time and in the following years just a few of them were used by “Medecins sans fronti&es”.Today activities are carried out in preoan’ous conditions and !he buildings complex needs relevant exlraotdinary maintenance works, and also rtldical transformations of technological and hygienic-sanitary structures. The whole work is re$ly enormous and unlikely realizable in short times. In tne several programs intended for the Island (education, culture, en$ironmentaf heritage, tourism) it is important to include also an intervention of sccial naiure linked to the hospital sttuctures updating, It must be clear to the local population that the intementions aimd at the protection of the island considered as %etid heritage are first final&d to the inhabitants ltfe condition improvement,

cosrs

Average cost o: a sBt’ting intorventron; S303.000

ilha de moçambique, world heritage site: a programme for

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