ilri ethiopia goat and chicken projects: potential synergies with lives
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Tadelle Dessie and Okeyo Mwai at the LIVES Research Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 March 2013TRANSCRIPT
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ILRI Ethiopia goat and chicken projects: Potential synergies with LIVES
Tadelle Dessie and Okeyo Mwai
LIVES Research Planning Workshop
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-28 March 2013
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Outline
Community based goat breed improvement Identify and provide access to improved breeding
stocks that respond to improved feeding and management
Indigenous chicken breed improvement Breaking Vicious cycle of high chicken mortality
and low productivity
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Opportunity exists to drive substantial productivity gains through implementing breeding programs that are functional and
sustainable – Identification and delivery of genetics
Dissemination of moderately improved, vaccinated chicks
Design and implementation of participatory and functional CBBP
Egg production+100%Body weight + 100%Mortality -70%
Increased growth rate Increased milk production
$XXX $XXX
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OARI SARI ARARI TARIEIAR
MoARD
IBC EWCA
Harnessing genetic diversity for improving goat productivity in Ethiopia and Cameron
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Project goals and purpose Goals:
improve productivity and income of smallholder goat producers
providing access to improved animals that respond to improved feeding and management, and
Facilitating targeting of specific market opportunities
Purpose: Develop sustainable community-based goat
breeding schemes that suit the communities’ conditions and farmers’ needs
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Project sites and partner projects
Wag-Abergelle and Tankua-Abergelle CRP 3.7 Breed: Abergelle
North Gonder LIVES Breed: Central highland
West Shoa LIVES Breed: Central Highland
Konso SARI Breed: Weyto-Guji
Bati LIVES??? Breed: Central Highland
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Common economically important traits of Goats
• Production– Rate of growth – Milk production– Meat quality– Reproduction
• Adaptability– Temperature– Poor feeds– Disease/parasite tolerance
Selection / improvement• Within-breed selection
Increased Productivity
• Increased amount & value of animal products sold /unit value of inputs
• Meat & milk and skin?
Additional value to smallholders
• $XX per animal
• $XX per kid
(incremental value over ruminants in a traditional system)
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Targeting and Analysis
Breeding program per breed established and is operational
Functional CBBP
Target sites identified and breeds & systems characterized
Define breeding objectives - Ranking experiments
Market analysis to locate and quantify key areas of demand for goat meat and milk documented and used in designing improvement programs
Breeding structures developed
Enabling environment created
• Develop appropriate genotype
• Develop/refine delivery options
• Evaluation of the breeding program
• Impact assessment
Key
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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Ongoing
Scalability of a genetic solution - This model can be implemented simultaneously in multiple geographies
Path to sustainability
Sustainable and long term benefit to smallholders
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Community-based breeding• Participatory – decentralized
breeding plans and programs
• Improvement programs carried out by communities of smallholder farmers often at subsistence level
• Community based breeding considers proper consideration
of farmers breeding objectives, infrastructure, participation and ownership
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Delivery (Dissemination) of genetic
superiority • Often a challenge when setting up a new program especially
in developing countries• Delivering improved seed stock to local farmers needs a
critical thinking – Involving farmers and other partners– Breeders association/cooperatives
• Communal use of selected bucks through agreed norms – Develop /adapt appropriate technologies & their
innovative applications– Developing simple and effective identification and
recording system• Needs innovative use of available infrastructure and IT
technology
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New technologies harnessed Testing Open Data Kit (ODK) for field data
collection Questionnaire, Phenotypic measurements, GPS waypoints,
pictures, performance records …….
Addis Server
Nairobi Server
ODK installed on Galaxy SII
Field enumeration using ODK
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• Participation required from multiple partners and input providers in order to achieve long-term sustainability
• Data capture/results synthesis and feedback deserves critical attention to ensure sustainability
• Need for improved market access• Evaluate smart application of repro & genomic
techs ( estrus synchronization, AI, MAS) and as potential accelerators
Conclusions/ critical issues/ Concluding Recommendations
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Improving village chicken production to elevate livelihoods of poor people
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Poultry production in Ethiopia• Village system responsible for majority of poultry
production (more than 90% meat and egg)
Poultry offers poor people pathway out of poverty (by and for the poor!!!!!! –real opportunity)
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Vicious cycle of high poultry mortality and low productivity requires systemic change
Highmortality
Limited careof flock
Reducedproductivity
High mortality drives a vicious cycle
• High mortality and low productivity reduces the incentive for farmers to invest significant effort in caring for birds
• Without basic care and vaccination, mortality remains high, impacting productivity.
• Basic practices such housing, watering, egg removal are not applied, further impacting productivity
Justification for change
• Low feasibility of vaccination in backyard systems (low demand, plus access challenges) means a health or genetic intervention alone would be unlikely to deliver sustainable benefit
• Establishing a breeding program creates the infrastructure and scale (especially for vaccinating chicks) as well as the financial incentive for farmers to take better care of their poultry
• Opportunity to break the vicious cycle, improving both productivity and survivability through a mix of moderate breed improvement, and vaccination
• Requires establishment of a delivery system that should become self-sustaining in the long-term
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What can we offer?
Genetically impoved indignous birds in their 6th generation (products of within breed selection programs)
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• To improve production of village chickens through selective breeding using
participatory approach
Trait preference:
• PRA (participatory rural appraisal) conducted and farmers identify traits of preference
• Egg production • Age at first egg • Growth
Overall objective
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Breeding program to improve local chicken breed (Horro)
Mass selection based on own performance: – Growth: based on live weight at 16 wks in both sexes– Age at first egg in females; and– Cumulative Egg number at 45 weeks in females
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Genetic improvement in Cumulative egg number at 45 weeks of age through 5 generations of selection
% increase from base population Selection effect from:
123.5 Generation 5
114.7 Generation 4
73.5 Generation 3
79.4 Generation 2
41.1 Generation 1
Base (34) Base population
0 1 2 3 4 5
Generation
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Genetic improvement in Age at First egg (AFE) through 5 generations of selection
Age at First eggSelection effect from:
148 Generation 5
151 Generation 4
150 Generation 3
147 Generation 2
182 Generation 1
203 Base population
0 1 2 3 4 5
Generation
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The simplest and lowest cost intervention is to disseminate improved indigenous chickens, with some improved
management
Model breeders
Breeding Units
Farmers
Community/Farmers
Eggs
Key elements
Establish a supply of chickens with improved growth, egg production feed conversion and disease-resistance traits Potentially within-breed
selection Multiplier flocks established
and scaled-up via mini-hatcheries
When target scale is reached, hatcheries begin sale of day-old improved chicks to farmers
Chicks vaccinated by poultry workers in the mini-hatcheries
Mini Hatcheries
Day-old chicks
Community/ Market
EggsLive chickens
VaccinesMedicines
Genetically improved hens and cocks
(Improved Horro)
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• Disease resistance– Marek’s disease– Parasite tolerance
• Productivity– Age at first eggs– Length of laying series– Clutches per year– Clutch size– Hatchability– Daily weight gain– Body weight (8 week, 12-month)– Broodiness– Egg weight
• Adaptability– Plumage color / form– Heat tolerance
Deploying a hardier, more productive chicken will raise both the income and nutrition of smallholders
Selection / improvement• Within-breed selection
Increased Productivity
• Increased egg production
• Increased weight gain
• Increased hatchability and chick survival
Common economically important traits
Additional value to smallholders
• $xxxx per hen/year
• $xxx per male/year
(incremental value over birds in a traditional system)
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Selection / development
Dissemination / multiplication
Supply to smallholders
• Research project identifying and testing different sources of indigenous chickens.
• Could involve within-breed selection or cross-breeding
• Might take 2 to 3 years (we have it).
• Establishment of multiplier flock.
• Starts with initial flock of female birds (and suitable number of cocks) selected or developed in Phase 1
• Rapid multiplication over period of 24-30 months to achieve scale
• Ongoing supply of chicks from the multiplier flock
• Some chicks retained as replacements to sustain multiplier flock
• Male and female chicks vaccinated and sold to farmersK
ey a
ctiv
itie
sO
utc
om
es • Create initial flock:
– 100 hens
– Appropriate # of cocks
• Grow multiplier flock (hens)
– Start: 100
– 12 months: 1,970
– 18 months: 38,800
– 24 months: 765,000
– 30 months: 15 million
• Supply vaccinated chicks to farmers, while sustaining flock
– 10 male, 10 female per year
– Benefit: $???? per smallholder
– millions smallholders
– More million smallholders
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32 years Ongoing
Scale can be achieved quickly through multiplier flocks in village-based mini-hatcheries
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Poultry’s high rate of reproduction enables rapidscale; Distribution could begin after 18 months
6 12Phase 2 Months 18 24 30
Size of multiplierflock
100* 1,970 38,800 765,000 Millions100
Number of smallholdersbenefited
7,300 145,000 millions More millions
No chick distribution Limited distribution (5-10%)
Full dissemination
This model can be implemented simultaneously in multiple geographies.
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• Continue animal health investment to determine if lifelong disease resistance can be conferred by either a single vaccination to the chick, or through breeding (Newcastle, Marek’s disease)
• Opportunity to breed for disease resistance, or for synergy between breed and vaccine
Additional Recommendations -chicken
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LIVES’ Project -opportunity
• Enable the projects to engage key actors in identifying priority researchable issue as well as translate research outputs to outcomes and impact at scale
• Create platform for near real-time learning, including use of lessons from elsewhere to achieve common goals
• Help to develop/strengthen capacity of actors (formal (student supervisions etc.) & informal)
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