I’m certain…

I wish…I doubt…

Indicative vs. Subjunctive

Independent Clause

Dependent Clause

que

Es cierto …

Indicative (the regular present tense as we have used it so far)

Espero…Dudo…

Subjunctive (new stuff)

CertaintyBelief } whether the information is factual is irrelevant,

the perspective of the person speaking is the focus

UncertaintyDoubtHypothetical situations

The Subjunctive

• To conjugate verbs in the subjunctive:– Start with the yo form– Drop the –o– Add the opposite ending:

Just like most of our

commands!

Just like most of our

commands!

-ar verbs-e -emos-es X-e -en

-er/-ir verbs-a -amos-as X-a -an

No –o ending at

all!

Irregular SubjunctiveVerbs that are completely irregular in the subjunctive

are the same ones that are completely irregular in negative tú, usted, and ustedes commands.

sea seamos

seas X

sea sean

dé demos

des X

dé denesté estemos

estés X

esté estén

vaya vayamos

vayas X

vaya vayan

sepa sepamos

sepas X

sepa sepan

er

r

ar

star

aber

•Verbs that end in –car: c->qu in all forms–Ej: sacar = saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquen

•Verbs that end in –gar: g->gu in all forms–Ej: pagar = pague, pagues, pague, paguemos, paguen

•Verbs that end in –zar: z->c in all forms–Ej: cazar (to hunt) = cace, caces, cace, cacemos, cacen

The Subjunctive &Car/Gar/Zar verbs:

IR stem-change verbs change the normal way inside the boot, but also change in a DIFFERENT way outside the boot:

e->i or o->uPREFERIR: to prefer prefiera prefiramosprefieras prefiráis prefiera prefieran

Subjunctive & Stem-changing verbs:

AR & ER stem-change verbs change inside the boot, just like they do in the indicative present.

DORMIR: to sleep duerma durmamos

duermas durmáis duerma duerman

To need the subjunctive, your sentence must have 2 clauses (the two clauses must have different subjects): MAIN DEPENDENT CLAUSE que CLAUSE

Ex: I hope that he does his homework.

Yo espero que él haga su tarea.

Uses of the subjunctive

If there is not a change in subject, use the infinitive!!!

I hope that you get a good grade.Yo espero que tú SAQUES una buena nota.

I hope to get a good grade (I hope I get a good grade).Yo espero SACAR una buena nota.

Indicative vs. Subjunctive

• Choosing between the Indicative and the Subjunctive can be tricky.

• To remember when to use the subjunctive, just remember:

Wishes and hopes I hope she can go.

Opinion I hate that you won’t talk to me.

Request Mom asked you to take out the trash.

Doubt I don’t think Best Buy is open this late.

Uncertainty It’s possible that I can help you.

Persuasion I recommend that you study.

WORD UPIf the verb in the main clause fits into one of these categories, the verb in the dependent clause must be in the subjunctive.

I want you to eat lunch.

It is better that they go home early.

I know that she is smart.

The doctor recommends that he eat a healthy diet.

I hope (that) the competition goes well.

SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE?

subjunctive

subjunctive

subjunctive

subjunctive

indicative

Wishes and hopes

Opinion

Request

Doubt

Uncertainty

Persuasion

Esperar que-To wish, hope that

Querer que- to want that

Ojalá que- Hopefully

WISHES, WANTS

Es importante que-It is important that

Es mejor que- It is better that

Es preferible que- It is preferable that

OPINION

Pedir que…-to ask that (someone do something)Querer que…-to want that (someone do something)

REQUEST

Dudar que- to doubt that

No creer que- to not believe that

No pensar que- to not think that

DOUBT

No es posible que-it is not possible thatEs posible que- it is possible thatEs probable que- it is probable thatNo es verdad que- it is not true that

UNCERTAINTY

Preferir que- to prefer thatRecomendar(ie) que- to recommend thatSugerir(ie) que- to suggest thatRogar(ue) que- to beg that

PERSUASION

Esperar que-To wish, hope thatQuerer que- to want thatOjalá que- HopefullyEs importante que-It is important thatEs mejor que- It is better thatEs preferible que- It is preferable that

Pedir que…-to ask that (someone do something)Querer que…-to want that (someone do something)

Dudar que- to doubt thatNo creer que- to not believe thatNo pensar que- to not think that

No es posible que-it is not possible thatEs posible que- it is possible thatEs probable que- it is probable thatNo es verdad que- it is not true thatPreferir que- to prefer thatRecomendar(ie) que- to recommend thatSugerir(ie) que- to suggest thatRogar(ue) que- to beg that

•I believe that you will win.•He does not doubt that she likes him.•It is important that you arrive on time.•I doubt he knows the answer.•She tells him to wash the dishes.

SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE?Decide if each sentence below would need subjunctive or

indicative, then translate the sentence to Spanish.