image analysis using wavelets part.1
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Image Analysis Using WaveletsTRANSCRIPT
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IMAGE IMAGE ANALYSIS USING ANALYSIS USING
WAVELETSWAVELETS
PARTPART--1 : Fundamentals of Image 1 : Fundamentals of Image ProcessingProcessing
PARTPART--2 2 : Wavelets: Wavelets
Presentation on……..Presentation on……..
PARTPART--2 2 : Wavelets: Wavelets
By
Prof.B.B.S.KUMARProf.B.B.S.KUMARResearch Scholar, Assistant Professor,Research Scholar, Assistant Professor,
RajarajeswariRajarajeswari College of Engineering,College of Engineering,
Bangalore, IndiaBangalore, India
1FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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PARTPART--1 1 : Fundamentals of Image : Fundamentals of Image
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India2
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PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
•• What is Image?What is Image?
•• What What is Digital Image Processing?is Digital Image Processing?
•• Sampling and ReconstructionSampling and Reconstruction
•• Color Image ProcessingColor Image Processing
•• The Origins of Digital Image ProcessingThe Origins of Digital Image Processing
•• Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
•• Components of an Image Processing SystemComponents of an Image Processing System
3FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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One picture is worth more than ten thousand words
4FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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5FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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WHAT IS IMAGEWHAT IS IMAGE??
• Image is physical quantity
• Converted into electrical signal by transducers
• Consist of an Data and mathematical function
and represented in 1-D signal
• Using 1-D signal processing is called signal • Using 1-D signal processing is called signal
processing
6FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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What is Digital Image Processing?What is Digital Image Processing?
• Electrical Signal is Sampled, Quantized and Encoded –
DSP
• Image Signal is Sampled, Quantized and Encoded – DIP
Digital Image Processing
• f(x,y): A 2-dimensional function, where x and y are
spatial(plane) coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any
pair of coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity or gray
level of the image at that point called a digital image.
7FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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• x size: 512, y size : 512, gray levels: 256
Gray scale image : 262KB, Color image : 786KB
• Digital image: x, y, and the amplitude values of f are
all finite, discrete quantities
• Image Mathematical representation in Matrix form m
x n, m as rows and n as columns x n, m as rows and n as columns
• Digital image is composed of a finite number of
elements, these elements are called picture elements,
image elements, pels and pixels
• A pixel is a sample of a continuous function8
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Image Formats
• TIFF -Tagged Image File Format (.tiff., tif)
• JPEG -Joint Photographic Experts Group
(.jpg., jpeg)
• GIF -Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
• BMP -Windows Bitmap (.bmp)• BMP -Windows Bitmap (.bmp)
• PNG -Portable Network Graphics (.png)
• XWD -X Window Dump (.xwd)
9FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Properties of Images
• Spatial resolution
Width pixels/width cm and height pixels/ height cm
• Intensity resolution
Intensity bits/intensity range (per channel)Intensity bits/intensity range (per channel)
• Number of channels
RGB is 3 channels, grayscale is one channel
10FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
11FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Image Errors• Spatial Aliasing
Not enough spatial resolution
• Intensity Quantization
Not enough intensity resolution
Two Issues• Sampling and Reconstruction• Sampling and Reconstruction
Creating and displaying images while reducing spatial aliasing
errors
• Halftoning Techniques
Dealing with intensity quantization
12FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Aliasing• Artifacts caused by too low sampling frequency
(undersampling) or improper reconstruction
• Undersampling rate determined by Nyquist limit (Shannon’s sampling theorem)
Aliasing in computer graphicsIn graphics, two major typesIn graphics, two major types
• Spatial aliasing
Problems in individual images
• Temporal aliasing
Problems in image sequences (motion)
13FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTIONSAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION
14FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Color Image ProcessingColor Image Processing
Color Image Processing divided into two major
areas:
– Full color(Sensor, color TV camera and color scanner)
– Pseudocolor(color to particular monochrome intensity
or range of intensities)or range of intensities)
Quality of a chromatic light source:
– Radiance(energy(Watts) flows from the light source),
– Luminance(measure of energy(lumens) source)
– Brightness(impossible to measure)
15FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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• Human eye absorption
– Primary colors-Red, Green and Blue(RGB)
– Wavelength:R-700nm, G-346.1nm, B-435.8nm
• Primary colors can be produce the secondary colors of light
– Magenta(R+B), Cyan(G+B) and Yellow(R+G)
Contd……
– Magenta(R+B), Cyan(G+B) and Yellow(R+G)
• Digital technologies
– CRT(Cathode Ray Tube),
– LCD(Liquid Crystal Displays) ,
– TFTs(Thin Film transistors)
– Plasma Devices
16FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Color Models(color space or color system)Color Models(color space or color system)
– RGB(Red, Green and Blue)
– CMY(Cyan, Magenta and Yellow)
– CMYK(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black)
– HIS(Hue, Saturation and Intensity)
– Red, Green and Blue- each 8-bit image– Red, Green and Blue- each 8-bit image
– RGB color pixel-24 bits
– The total number of colors in a 24-RGB image is (28)3=16,777,216
– 24-bit RGB image are limited to 256 colors
– 216 common colors are used.
– 40 colors unknown.17
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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The Origins of Digital Image The Origins of Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
• One of the first applications of digital images
was in the newspaper industry, when pictures
were first sent by submarine cable between
London and New York.London and New York.
18FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Better
Quality
19FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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1515--Tone Tone
EquipmentEquipment
20FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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From computers, meaningful image processing From computers, meaningful image processing
tasks appearedtasks appeared
21FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
22FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Gamma-
Ray
Imaging
23FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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X-ray
Imaging
24FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Imaging in Imaging in
the
Ultraviolet
Band
25FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Imaging Imaging
in the
Visible
and
Infrared
Bands
26FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Remote sensing
27FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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28FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Weather Weather Observation, visible and infraredbands
29FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Infrared Infrared
Imaging
30FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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31FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Automated
Visual
Inspection
32FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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33FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Imaging in Imaging in
the
Microwave
Band
34FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Imaging
in the
Radio
Band
MRI
35FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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36FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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SoundSound
Examples in which Other Imaging Modalities Are Used
SoundSound
37FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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UltrasoundUltrasound
38FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Electron
MicroscopeMicroscope
39FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Images Images
generated generated generated generated
by by
computerscomputers
40FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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41FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
42FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Computerized Processes– Low level Processes
– Mid Level Processes
– Higher level Processes
• Low Level Processes– Image preprocessing-reduce noise, contrast enhancement and image
sharpening- inputs and outputs are images
• Mid Level Processes• Mid Level Processes– Segmentation(partitioning an image into regions or objects)
– Inputs are images
– Outputs are attritubes extracted from those images(edges, contours, and the identity of individual objects)
• Higher level Processes– Making sense of recognozied objects with human vision– Human vision perception is very important
43FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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Components of an Image Processing
System
44FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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To be continued…………Next
PARTPART--2:Wavelets2:Wavelets
45FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!
46FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India