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Image Processing

• What is Image Processing?

- Manipulation and analysis of pictorial information by computer.

Image Restoration

Image Enhancement

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 1

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Image Compression

DecoderEncoderStore or

Transmit

I(x,y) I(x,y)

• Related Areas

from 3D to 2D

and geometric projection

Compute light interaction

Edge detection,

Fourier Transform,

Enchancement, etc.

Construct 3D geometric

data from input

3D geometric data 2D image

2D image 2D image

2D image 3D geometric data

Computer Vision

Image Processing

Computer Graphics

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 2

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• Applications

- Biological Research

Automatic analysis of a biological sample (specimen analysis)Bone, tissue and cell analysis (counting and classification)Analysis, classification, and matching of DNA material

- Defense/Intelligence

Automatic interpretation of earth satellite imageryRecognizing and tracking targets in real time

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 3

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- Document Processing

Scanning, archiving, and transmission of documentsAutomatic detection and recognition of printed characters

- Factory Automation

Visual inspection and assembly

- Law Enforcement

Fingerprint feature extraction, classification, and identificationDNA matching

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 4

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- Medical Diagnostic Imaging

Digital angiographySkin cancer detectionComputed tomography(3D reconstruction using multiple image projections)

- Photography

Add/Subtract objects to and from a sceneSpecial effects (morphing, warping)

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 5

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- Astronomy

Separating stars from galaxiesGalaxy classification

• Main components of an image processing system

- Software (algorithms)

- Hardware (camera, lights, frame grabber, processor)

• A simple industrial image processing system

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 6

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• The Three Processing Levels

- Low-level processing:

Standard procedures are applied to improve image quality

Procedures are required to have no intelligent capabilities

- Intermediate-level processing:

Exctract and characterize components in an image

Some intelligent capabilities are required

- High-level processing:

Recognition and interpretation

Procedures require high intelligent capabilities

Digital Image Processing: Introduction 7

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Digital Image Processing: Introduction 8