Imagine you are the new US president Eisenhower in 1953. Does the news of Stalin’s death come as a relief or does it send you into panic?

starter activity

What impact did What impact did Stalin’s death have Stalin’s death have

on the on the international international community?community?To assess the impact of Stalin’s To assess the impact of Stalin’s

death on international relationsdeath on international relationsTo be able to explain how To be able to explain how

‘Peaceful Coexistence’ developed‘Peaceful Coexistence’ developed

LOs

Your taskYour task

Read p.73-4 of Phillips and list the Read p.73-4 of Phillips and list the effects of Stalin’s death on effects of Stalin’s death on international relationsinternational relations

Impact of Stalin’s deathImpact of Stalin’s death

Liberal historians (intentionalist) Liberal historians (intentionalist) emphasising role of individuals in history emphasising role of individuals in history see his death as beginning of ‘Thaw’see his death as beginning of ‘Thaw’

Revisionist historians (structuralist) see Revisionist historians (structuralist) see cause of Thaw in changing positions of cause of Thaw in changing positions of Politiburo and Army leadersPolitiburo and Army leaders

Stalin’s daughter, Sveltlana thought Stalin’s daughter, Sveltlana thought Stalin had become isolated by end of his Stalin had become isolated by end of his lifelife

Sveltlana with Stalin, 1935

Eisenhower was Eisenhower was looking for a way looking for a way of reducing of reducing government government spending by spending by implementing implementing ‘New Look’ ‘New Look’ policy towards policy towards EastEast

Both sides had Both sides had established their established their boundaries and boundaries and were looking for were looking for new approaches new approaches to foreign policyto foreign policy Eisenhower, US President, 1953-61

Extension taskExtension task

Read Isaacs, p.140-3 and note down Read Isaacs, p.140-3 and note down the reactions of different countries the reactions of different countries to Stalin’s deathto Stalin’s death

Stalin’s death mask in Gori

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Visit the BBC news website at Visit the BBC news website at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/eurhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2793501.stmope/2793501.stm and investigate the conspiracy and investigate the conspiracy theories behind Stalin’s deaththeories behind Stalin’s death

Answer the questions 1-9 on ‘Peaceful Co-existence’

Your taskYour task Read p.75. Where did the phrase ‘Peaceful Read p.75. Where did the phrase ‘Peaceful

co-existence’ originate? What were some of co-existence’ originate? What were some of the factors which caused it?the factors which caused it?

Read p.75-8 and list the reasons why Read p.75-8 and list the reasons why ‘peaceful co-existence’ emerged between ‘peaceful co-existence’ emerged between the two superpowers. Take notes under the two superpowers. Take notes under these headings:these headings:

Consolidation of positionsConsolidation of positions Military & economic contextMilitary & economic context Death of StalinDeath of Stalin BeriaBeria MalenkovMalenkov

Peaceful Co-existencePeaceful Co-existence Origins of termOrigins of term – 1 – 1stst coined by Malenkov, coined by Malenkov,

head of Communist Party & Soviet PM , head of Communist Party & Soviet PM , 1952; developed into fully formed policy 1952; developed into fully formed policy under Khrushchevunder Khrushchev

PurposePurpose – means of co-operating – means of co-operating between East & West until Marxist aims between East & West until Marxist aims of communist society could be fulfilledof communist society could be fulfilled

CausesCauses – changes in leadership, need to – changes in leadership, need to avoid all-out nuclear war, wider issues …avoid all-out nuclear war, wider issues …

ConsolidationConsolidation

By 1949 division of By 1949 division of Europe entrenchedEurope entrenched

Formation of NATO Formation of NATO (1949) & Warsaw (1949) & Warsaw Pact (1953) made Pact (1953) made divisions more divisions more evidentevident

Positions were Positions were secure – now more secure – now more willing to negotiatewilling to negotiate

Military & economic Military & economic contextcontext

By 1955 USA & USSR possessed hydrogen bombsBy 1955 USA & USSR possessed hydrogen bombs Arms race picking up speed, e.g 1950 US had 298 Arms race picking up speed, e.g 1950 US had 298

atomic bombs, in 1955 it had 2,422atomic bombs, in 1955 it had 2,422 1/3 of USSR spending went on military projects1/3 of USSR spending went on military projects

US Hydrogen bomb – one very similar was jettisoned in 1958 of coast of Georgia and remains there to this day!

Death of StalinDeath of Stalin

Power struggle between Beria (head Power struggle between Beria (head of secret police), Malenkov of secret police), Malenkov ((PolitburoPolitburo member) & Nikita member) & Nikita Khrushchev (Khrushchev (PolitburoPolitburo member) member)

Beria (with Svetlana) Malenkov Khrushchev

Read about Beria’s depraved sexual antics

Beria’s initiativesBeria’s initiatives Beria: “All we want is a Beria: “All we want is a

peaceful Germany, and peaceful Germany, and it makes no difference it makes no difference to us whether it is to us whether it is socialist or not”socialist or not”

Proposed reunified, Proposed reunified, united East Germanyunited East Germany

BUT Berlin Uprising BUT Berlin Uprising (1953) dashed hopes of (1953) dashed hopes of unified Germany – unified Germany – 25,000 arrests, 400 25,000 arrests, 400 executionsexecutions

Malenkov’s ‘New Course’Malenkov’s ‘New Course’

‘‘New Course’ – war between New Course’ – war between capitalism and communism no capitalism and communism no longer inevitablelonger inevitable

Resources should be directed Resources should be directed towards improving living conditions towards improving living conditions in USSRin USSR

Khrushchev built on Malenkov’s Khrushchev built on Malenkov’s policy, developing ‘New Course’ into policy, developing ‘New Course’ into ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ & De-‘Peaceful Co-existence’ & De-StalinisationStalinisation

PlenaryPlenary Why did the world react positively Why did the world react positively

and negatively to Stalin’s deathand negatively to Stalin’s death Who coined the phrase ‘Peaceful Co-Who coined the phrase ‘Peaceful Co-

existence?existence? Reasons for development of PC?Reasons for development of PC? Extension. Who do you think should Extension. Who do you think should

really be credited with PC? Should it really be credited with PC? Should it even be a Russian?even be a Russian?

HomeworkHomework 1. Create factoids on these key players in the 1. Create factoids on these key players in the

rise of ‘peaceful coexistence’ using the rise of ‘peaceful coexistence’ using the information on p.78-9 and your own research:information on p.78-9 and your own research: Lavrenti BeriaLavrenti Beria Georgi MalenkovGeorgi Malenkov Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev

Chart their earl careers, their attitudes Chart their earl careers, their attitudes towards the US and their failings/weaknessestowards the US and their failings/weaknesses

2. Take notes on Austria & Finland (p.80) 2. Take notes on Austria & Finland (p.80) using the ‘Skills builder’ question to guide using the ‘Skills builder’ question to guide you.you.