imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies with alma
DESCRIPTION
Imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies with ALMA. Jean Turner (UCLA). ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies. ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy EvolutionInfrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution
Imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies
with ALMA
Imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies
with ALMA
Jean Turner (UCLA)Jean Turner (UCLA)
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Observed: LIR/MH2 well-correlated, Schmidt law, excellent correlation of HCN and LIR (Gao & Solomon 2005):
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Observed: LIR/MH2 well-correlated, Schmidt law, excellent correlation of HCN and LIR (Gao & Solomon 2005):
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
ALMA studies of star formation on galactic scales complement Galactic and high z studies
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Observed: LIR/MH2 well-correlated, Schmidt law, excellent correlation of HCN and LIR (Gao & Solomon 2005)
How do properties of the gas — atomic vs molecular, dense vs diffuse gas — determine star formation?
Observed: Stellar populations, Hubble sequence, “beads on a string”, & Toomre Q
What is the relation of spiral structure to star formation?
Observed: LIR/MH2 well-correlated, Schmidt law, excellent correlation of HCN and LIR (Gao & Solomon 2005)
How do properties of the gas — atomic vs molecular, dense vs diffuse gas — determine star formation?
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA resolution: 10 mas
<1 pc at Virgo
resolve individual SF regions, structure around AGN in the local universe
50 pc out to 900+ Mpc
GMCs, spiral features, galactic structure for a large sample of neaby galaxies
ALMA resolution: 10 mas
<1 pc at Virgo
resolve individual SF regions, structure around AGN in the local universe
50 pc out to 900+ Mpc
GMCs, spiral features, galactic structure for a large sample of neaby galaxies
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Direct imaging of extragalactic star-forming regions: ALMA continuum
Direct imaging of extragalactic star-forming regions: ALMA continuum
Massive HII regions via their free-free emission
Super star clusters: imaging to 50 MpcOrions: image to ~10Mpc, detect to Virgo
Dust emission from low and high mass stars More sensitive than free-free
Local Group, 10 mas = .04 pc = 10,000 AU
Massive HII regions via their free-free emission
Super star clusters: imaging to 50 MpcOrions: image to ~10Mpc, detect to Virgo
Dust emission from low and high mass stars More sensitive than free-free
Local Group, 10 mas = .04 pc = 10,000 AU
Continuum sensitivities ~10 Jy in an hour
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Direct imaging of molecular gas: ALMA line emission
Direct imaging of molecular gas: ALMA line emission
Imaging of molecular clouds in CO and other molecules
Imaging of molecular clouds in CO and other molecules
Line brightnesses ~ 0.01K in 10 hours
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Care and feeding of AGNCare and feeding of AGN
NGC 1068 Seyfert 2 CO(1-0) CO(2-1)
Plateau de Bure Interf. Schinnerer et al. 2000
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
N. Sharp, NOAO
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
N. Sharp, NOAO Helfer et al. 2003
CO BIMA-SONG
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
F. Calvert, A. Block, NOAO/AURA/NSF Helfer et al. 2003
CO BIMA-SONG
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
Nurturing of star formation in galaxies
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA is designed to detect extended structure
ALMA is designed to detect extended structure
M83
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA is designed to detect extended structure
ALMA is designed to detect extended structure
M83
AAT D. Malin
CO (green): NRAO 12 meter telescope HI (red): VLA (NRAO/AUI/NSF)
Crosthwaite et al. 2003
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA can study gas and interactions
ALMA can study gas and interactions
VLA NRAO/AUI/NSF Yun, Ho, Lo 1994
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
The world of moleculesThe world of molecules
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Detecting molecular gasDetecting molecular gas
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Detecting molecular gasDetecting molecular gas
H2 is “silent” unless it is hot (100 K)
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Detecting molecular gasDetecting molecular gas
H2 is “silent” unless it is hot (100 K)
CO is a pretty good tracer, easily excited (5.5 K, low densities), abundant, bright.
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Detecting molecular gasDetecting molecular gas
H2 is “silent” unless it is hot (100 K)
CO is a pretty good tracer, easily excited (5.5 K, low densities), abundant, bright.
How good is “pretty good”? To factor of two within Galaxy (gamma rays);Overpredicts gas mass in metal-rich galactic
centers.Situation in low metallicity galaxies unclearFreeze-out in densest clouds
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Detected interstellar moleculesDetected interstellar molecules
H2 HD H3+ H2D+ CH CH+ C2 CH2 C2H *C3
CH3 C2H2 C3H(lin) c-C3H *CH4 C4
c-C3H2 H2CCC(lin) C4H *C5 *C2H4 C5HH2C4(lin) *HC4H CH3C2H C6H *HC6H H2C6
*C7H CH3C4H C8H *C6H6
OH CO CO+ H2O HCO HCO+HOC+ C2O CO2 H3O+ HOCO+ H2COC3O CH2CO HCOOH H2COH+ CH3OH CH2CHOCH2CHOH CH2CHCHO HC2CHO C5O CH3CHO c-C2H4O CH3OCHO CH2OHCHO CH3COOH CH3OCH3 CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CHO(CH3)2CO HOCH2CH2OH C2H5OCH3 (CH2OH)2CONH CN N2 NH2 HCN HNC N2H+ NH3 HCNH+ H2CN HCCN C3NCH2CN CH2NH HC2CN HC2NC NH2CN C3NHCH3CN CH3NC HC3NH+ *HC4N C5N CH3NH2
CH2CHCN HC5N CH3C3N CH3CH2CN HC7N CH3C5N? HC9N HC11NNO HNO N2O HNCO NH2CHO SH CS SO SO+ NS SiH*SiC SiN SiO SiS HCl *NaCl*AlCl *KCl HF *AlF *CP PNH2S C2S SO2 OCS HCS+ c-SiC2
*SiCN *SiNC *NaCN *MgCN *MgNC *AlNCH2CS HNCS C3S c-SiC3 *SiH4 *SiC4
CH3SH C5S FeO
DEMIRM
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Chemistry in GalaxiesChemistry in Galaxies
Pioneering single dish work on the IRAM 30m
Henkel, Mauersberger et al., resolutions ~ 30” (300-500 pc in even the closest galaxies)
Galaxies can have distinctive chemistries
Pioneering single dish work on the IRAM 30m
Henkel, Mauersberger et al., resolutions ~ 30” (300-500 pc in even the closest galaxies)
Galaxies can have distinctive chemistries
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Imaging Chemistry in GalaxiesImaging Chemistry in Galaxies
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter ArrayIC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
N2H+ HNC HC3N C2H C34S HNCO CH3OH
Meier & Turner 2005
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Imaging Chemistry in GalaxiesImaging Chemistry in Galaxies
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
PC Axis 1:
Density-weightedmean column density
Gas density: CO, N2H+, HCN
Meier & Turner 2005
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Imaging Chemistry in GalaxiesImaging Chemistry in Galaxies
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
PC Axis 1:
Density-weightedmean column density
PC Axis 2:
Shock tracers vs PDR molecules
Gas density: CO, N2H+, HCNC2H: PDR
Methanol, HCNO: shocks
Meier & Turner 2005
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
Imaging Chemistry in GalaxiesImaging Chemistry in Galaxies
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
M82 — BIMA Array
Not detected in M82 maps: shock tracers SiO, HNCO, CH3OH
IC 342 — Owens Valley Millimeter Array
M82 — BIMA Array
Not detected in M82 maps: shock tracers SiO, HNCO, CH3OH
– X X
Meier & Turner 2005, 2006
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA: Imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies
summary
ALMA will be a powerful imaging device
HII regions (free-free)dust emission (low and high mass SF)
molecular clouds on sizescales of 1pc (SF regions, AGN)to galaxy-wide, out to hundreds of Mpc
IT WILL BE GREAT!
ALMA: Imaging star-forming gas in nearby galaxies
summary
ALMA will be a powerful imaging device
HII regions (free-free)dust emission (low and high mass SF)
molecular clouds on sizescales of 1pc (SF regions, AGN)to galaxy-wide, out to hundreds of Mpc
IT WILL BE GREAT!
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA
Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA Imaging Star Formation in the Cosmos with ALMA AAS Calgary 5 June 2006
ALMA
LMC