imagining a future: expectant parents’ hopes and dreams for their unborn children
DESCRIPTION
Conference paper presentation: ‘Imagining a future: expectant parents’ hopes and dreams for their unborn children’ presented at the Association of Social Anthropology of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ASAANZ) Annual Conference, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, Dec 8-10, 2012.TRANSCRIPT
Imagining a Future: Expectant parent’s
hopes and dreams for their unborn children
Dr Paula Pereda
December 2012
Association of Social Anthropology of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ASAANZ) 2012 Annual Conference
Aims of this presentation
• In this presentation I will:– Present the strategy used in the data analysis– Explain what are hopes, dreams and expectations and
why are they important for study?– Present part of the analysis and preliminary findings
• Broader intentions:– Further analysis using demographic and descriptive
variables from GUPINZ– Set a methodology for analysis of large qualitative data
sets
I Method: Data analysis using DC, CA and CS
• Data: Parents were asked antenatally: “Please give us one or two sentences about the hopes,
dreams, and expectations you have for your baby.”• Responses entered verbatim.• Blended approach (data based analysis + interdisciplinary
theoretical perspectives)• Entire data set read• Word and text frequency using NVIVO • Relevant theories on hopes were selected• Codes - informed by
- Discourse Analysis (totality, tensions/contradictions, process, praxis)
- Content Analysis (conceptual and relational)- Cognitive Semantics (encyclopaedic and
representational)
Hopes, Dreams and Expectations word frequency tag cloud
able achieving activity baby become best better born boys career caring
child childhood choices chooses citizen close community confident contribute cultures
daughter dreams education enjoy environment expectation
experiences family feel financially find finish follow friends fulfilling full future girls giving
god good grows happy health
healthy helps home hope independently intelligent involvement job kids kinds knows learns life lifestyle look
loving member morals needs nice normally opportunities parents people
person place positive possibly potential provide relationship respect rights safe school secure sense smart society son sports strongly successful support time
university upbringing values want well well-educated world New Zealand
: Evil (Pandora Box): Faith, Virtue: Disposition/Utopia : Survival mechanism: Goals, Expectations, Optimism: Coping mechanism: Access to social opportunities: Substantive Democracy: Empowerment (educated hope)
: Assessed probability: Self-efficacy, motivation: Needs, wants: Behaviour based on rewards
What are hopes, dreams and expectations? Why are they important?
:Unconscious wishes:Memory consolidation:Brain function:Wish fulfilment
MythologyReligionPhilosophyPsychiatryPsychologyHealthcareSociologyPolitical ScienceEducation
Hopes(s)
PsychoanalysisCognitive scienceBiologyPhilosophy
Dreams
ExpectationsEconomyPsychologyOrganizational StudiesManagement
What are hopes, dreams and expectations? Why are they important?
Future Uncertainty Possibilities
Imagination Emotion Confidence
“Reality holds within itself the anticipation of a possible future” Daniel & Moylan
“The present is pregnant with the future” Leibniz
“The past is a source of knowledge”, the future is a source of hope” Stephen Ambrose
“We need to control the present in order to be able to shape the future”P. Bourdieu
Present FuturePastHopes,
dreams and expectations
III Method: Data analysis using DC, CA and CS
Codes developed on the bases of:• Frequent words analysed in context (within text and
discourse)• Interdiscoursivity, intertextuality and intratextuality
approaches • Identification of Nodal Points, master signifiers, empty
signifiers and floating signifiers
IV Method: Domains, themes and coding structure
Domains Themes Codes
Health and WellbeingHealth
HealthIllness/DiseasesBodyMental healthMother-Child
Psychological and Cognitive Development
Personality traits
Characteristics
Open to experienceConscientiousnessExtraversionAgreeablenessNeuroticismSports/Hobbies/InterestsValues/VirtuesQualities/Abilities/Skills
EducationEducation
Professions/Careers
EducationTraditional professions/university degreeOther professions/career (Diploma/Trade cert/Technical, Security/defence, Arts, Religion, Politics)
Family & Whanau Kinship, family and family members
Culture and IdentityCultureEthnicity/NationalityReligion
Societal context, Neighbourhood and Environment
Social Environment Geographical Environment Economic capital (wealth)Community Environment
Non Domain Analytical themes
• Overarching Signifiershappiness, hope, good, grow, well, safe, love, opportunities, best, better, enjoy, dream, expectations, possibilities, access, wish, chances
• Temporal dimensiongrow, life, future, become, time, childhood, upbringing, develop, day, older, young, path, age, year, month, past, progress, present
• Un-wishful Hopes Negative anticipatory emotion
Hopes, dreams and expectations
Hea
lth a
nd Wel
lbei
ng
Psych
olog
ical
and C
ognit
ive
Dev
elop
men
t
Educa
tion
Fam
ily &
Whan
au
Culture
and Id
entity
Socie
tal c
onte
xt, n
eighbou
rhoo
d, envi
ronm
enta
l
Text Health and Wellbeing
Psychological and Cognitive Development
Education
Family & Whanau
Culture and Identity
Societal context, neighbourhood, environmental
Text frequency analysis classification
Hopes, dreams and expectations Domains
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Hopes, dreams and expectationsparticipants multiple responses
All Mother Partner
Part
icip
an
ts
Health and Wellbeing
Health
Illness/Diseases
Body
Mental health Mother-Child
• Health – as a totality
• Illness/diseases - be affected by, inherit some, cope with…
• Body - normal physical appearance
• Mental health - depression, anxiety, stress
• Mother and Child - pregnancy, birth (premature) and delivery
Health Illness/Diseases
Body Mental health Mother-Child0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Health and Wellbeingparticipants multiple responses
All Mother Partner
Part
icip
an
ts
Text frequency analysis classification
Psychological and Cognitive Development
Personality traits
Characteristics
Extraversion
Open to experience
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Personality Traits
Text
Characteristics
Sports/Hobbies/Interests
Qualities/Abilities/Skills
Values/Virtues
Text frequency analysis classification
Psychological and Cognitive Development
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Personality Traitsparticipants multiple responses
Partner Mother All
Participants
Qualities/Abilities/Skills Values/Virtues Sports/Hobbies/Interests0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Characteristicsparticipants multiple responses
All Mother Partner
Par
tici
pan
ts
• Succeed, achiever, goal oriented, with ambitions, focussed
• Compassionate, loving, caring, friendly, considerate
• Adjusted, confident, assertive, self esteem
• Open, creative, imaginative, inquisitive
• Social, passionate, outgoing, optimistic
• Active, smart, fun, skilled, beautiful, talented
• Honest, respectful, with values and morals, trusting, humble
• Sporty, outdoorsy, with interests (i.e. musical, artistic, nature)
Education
Education
Education Professions/Careers0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
EducationParticipant multiple responses
All Mother Partner
Par
tici
pan
ts
Traditional professions Other professions/careers0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Professions/CareersParticipant multiple responses
All Mother PartnerP
arti
cip
ants
• Education
• School, university, college
• Jobs, employment, professional
• Learning, study, teach
• Academic, qualification, degree, diploma
• Graduate
• Doctor, lawyer, social worker,
engineer, businessman, dentist,
astronaut, nurse, scientist, surgeon
• Farmer, musician, police, prime
minister, pastor missionary, pilot,
singer, trade, mechanic, politician,
soldier, ambassador army
Family & Whanau
able achieve activities baby become best better born boys brother career
caring child children chooses church citizen close community confident contribute
cultures dad daughter dreams education enjoy environment
expect experiences family father feel financially find follow friends
fulfilling future giving god good great grows
happy health healthy helping home
hope independent interests involved job kids kind knows learns life lifestyle look loving member morals mothers mum needs nice opportunities
parents people person positive possibly provide relationship
respect safe school secure sense siblings sister society son sports stay strongly
successful support time travel upbringing values want well well-
educated well-rounded world New Zealand
Culture and Identity
Culture and Identity
Culture Ethnicity/Nationality Religion0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Culture and IdentityParticipants multiple responses
All Mother Partner
Part
icip
an
ts
Culture
• Culture, multiculturalism
• Travel, international,
• Language
• Beliefs
• Tradition
Ethnicity and Nationality
New Zealand, Māori, India, England,
Philippine, Samoa, China, Croatia,
European, Africa, Auckland,
Russian, Tongan, Uk, Australia,
America, Ireland, Japan, Korea,
Religion
• God, Lord, Jesus Christ, Allah
• Church
• Christian
• Faith, faithful
• Religious, religion
• Pray
• Spirit
• Muslim, Catholic
• Pastor, Missionary
Societal context, Neighbourhood and Environment
Societal context, Neighbourhood and Environment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
All Mother Partner
Part
icip
ants
Societal Context, Neighbourhood and EnvironmentParticipants Multiples responses
Geographical Environment
World, place, country neighbourhood,
surrounding, outdoors, area, house,
unit, rural, beach, global, public, sea,
city, water, air, land, garden, urban,
zoning
Community Environment
Environment, community society,
home, clubs, citizenship Social Environment
Humans, humanity, people, friendships
Economic Capital (wealth)
Provide, financially, money afford, wealth, rich income, roof, class (upper, middle,
lower) assets, economically, materially insure, poor poverty, well-paid, affluent
Un-wishful Hopes
able achieve active alcohol allblack anything away baby bad become best
better birth born boy bullying career caring child childhood children choose come
community confident crime cultures decisions disabilities dreams drugs
education enjoy environment expect family fearing feel financially
find finish free friends future give god good grows
happy hard health healthy help home
hope involved job keep kids knows learn life look love
mistakes needs nice opportunities parents people person place possible
problems provide respect right safe school society son sports stay stress
strong struggle study successful support think time trouble values violence
want well world worrying wrong New Zealand
Final Remarks
• Methodological challenges of large qualitative data sets
• Ground and operationalize elusive concepts such as hopes, dreams and expectations
• Introduce hopes and un-wishful hopes as categories of analysis
• Analysis and preliminary findings
• Broader intentions:Further analysis using demographic and
descriptive variables from GUPINZPolicy development applicability
The End
Thank you for attending to this presentation