immersed tunnels recent developments
TRANSCRIPT
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Immersed Tunnels
Recent developments
Kelprojektas seminar –
Transport Infrastructure Innovations
René Zijlstra
10 June 2015
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Content
General introduction Royal HaskoningDHV
Principles immersed tunnels
Main benefits
Recent innovations
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Profile Global consultancy, design, engineering and project management
service provider
Leader in sustainability and innovation
Top 10 of independently owned, non-listed companies
Top 40 worldwide
Turnover in excess of € 650 million
Nearly 7,000 experienced and diverse team members
Leading professionals in our fields
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Our markets
Aviation
Maritime & Waterways
Transport & Asset Management
Infrastructure
Planning & Strategy
Water Technology
Rivers, Deltas & Coasts
Industry, Energy & Mining
Buildings
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Basic principle Immersed tunnels
1 2
3 4
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Production tunnel elements
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Busan Geoje IMT, South Korea
Dock gate
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• Wave conditions
• Limitations in transport route Water depth
Locks
• Limitations at project site
Transport
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Principle of immersion
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Principle immersed tunnels
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Principle of joining / Gina gasket
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Principle of joining
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Immersed tunnel Busan-Geoje South KoreaVideo Strukton Immersion Projects
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Potential advantages in alignment design
- especially river crossings
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High bridges with long approaches ?
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Bored tunnel – deep level, long approaches
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Practically every shape
rectangular, circular etc
cost effective for wide tunnels
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Cost effective for wide tunnels(multiple road lanes or combined road – rail tunnels)
example multiple traffic lay out
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Practically every waterway
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Characteristics / Advantages
• Suitable for various and relatively poor soil conditions
• Parallel construction processes
• Relatively low and manageable risk profile
• Capable of dealing with (severe) seismic events
• 80-90% of all design and construction works can be done bylocal companies (limited input from international specialists)
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Disadvantages / Prejudices ?• Environmental impact of dredging
• Contaminated soils
• But also opportunities ? Land reclamations
• Construction impact on shipping
• Limited and manageable impact
• In practice often an issue that can be addressedproperly by good communication
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Innovations
1. Caland tunnel, The Netherlands
2. Øresund Link, Denmark
3. Busan Geoje, South Korea
4. HZMB, China
5. Fehmernbelt Link, Denmark
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Caland tunnel – The NetherlandsExtension immersed section
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Caland tunnel – The NetherlandsExtension immersed section
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Øresund Link, Denmark
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Traditional production
tunnel elements
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Øresund Link, Denmark – new developments
Factory Production / Full Section Casting
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Production Factory Principle
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Dredging & Environmental issues
Øresund Link, Denmark
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Busan Geoje Fixed Link,
South Korea
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Busan Geoje Fixed Link, Challenges
• Deep level
• Poor soil conditions
• Adverse marine conditions (off shore)
• Seismic events and exceptional wave conditions dueto typhoons
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Busan Geoje Fixed Link,
South Korea
Full section casting in traditional casting basin
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Busan Geoje Fixed Link,
South Korea
Soil treatment of poor soils
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Busan Geoje Fixed Link,
South Korea
Special equipment for transport and immersion
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Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Link, China
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Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Link,
Challenges
• Geotechnical conditions
• Depth
• Geometrical (span + length)
• Off shore conditions
• Design life of 150 years
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Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Link, Challenges
• Controlled conditions for element production
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Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Link China
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Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Link, Challenges
• Ground conditions
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Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Link, Challenges
• Offshore conditions
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
Special elements for M&E and maintenance
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
Construction
4 x times Oresund
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
Environmental – re use of dredged material
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
Safety Concept ventilation
Safety Strategy based on three levels:
• Level 1 – prevention of accidents and fires through design and operation
• Level 2 – control of incidents, and self-rescue
• Level 3 – facilities for emergency services response and rescue
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark
Longitudinal ventilation for operation and fire
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FehmernBelt Link, Denmark -- Video
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