IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION

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2) SOME SLIDES HAVE QUESTIONS2) SOME SLIDES HAVE QUESTIONS

3) TYPE IN YOUR ANSWERS3) TYPE IN YOUR ANSWERS

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ImmigrationImmigration

The poem on the Statue says:The poem on the Statue says:"Give me your tired, your poor,"Give me your tired, your poor,

Your huddled masses yearning Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,to breathe free,

The wretched refuse of your The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.teeming shore.

Send these, the homeless, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,tempest-tost to me,

I lift my lamp beside the golden I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"door!"

Ellis Ellis IslandIsland

In the early 1900’s, millions of Europeans In the early 1900’s, millions of Europeans immigrated to America through Ellis Island… immigrated to America through Ellis Island… that’s where the Statue of Liberty was set up. that’s where the Statue of Liberty was set up.

New immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in 1902. There they will be processed before they are

allowed to continue their journey to find a new home.

American Immigration Past and American Immigration Past and PresentPresent

Define “assimilation” in your own wordsDefine “assimilation” in your own words(it’s in the Glossary)(it’s in the Glossary)

Answer: Answer:

So many cultures assimilate in the So many cultures assimilate in the United States that United States that ourour nicknamenickname is: is:

(it’s at the top of pg. 181)(it’s at the top of pg. 181)Answer: Answer:

Throughout its history, America has Throughout its history, America has served as the destination point for a served as the destination point for a

steady flow of immigrants.steady flow of immigrants.

Why people immigrate to America…Why people immigrate to America…

Immigration is the result of two factors: Immigration is the result of two factors: PushPush and and PullPull. .

Go to the Glossary and write your own little Go to the Glossary and write your own little definition these two terms.definition these two terms.

Push Factor – Push Factor –

Pull Factor – Pull Factor –

Give me an example of a Give me an example of a PUSH factorPUSH factor

Example: Example:

Give me an example of a Give me an example of a PULL factorPULL factor

Example: Example:

Forced ImmigrationForced ImmigrationThe story of The story of AfricanAfrican immigration is unique among immigration is unique among

immigrant groups. immigrant groups.

Unlike other immigrants, most Africans came to North Unlike other immigrants, most Africans came to North America against their will, caught up in the brutal system America against their will, caught up in the brutal system of slavery. of slavery.

However in every colony there was always a population of However in every colony there was always a population of African Americans living in freedom. African Americans living in freedom.

Some were freed slaves or the descendents of freed Some were freed slaves or the descendents of freed slaves, some had escaped, some had bought their own slaves, some had escaped, some had bought their own freedom, and some lived in territories or states that had freedom, and some lived in territories or states that had abolished slavery. abolished slavery.

Were all African immigrants who Were all African immigrants who came to North America slaves?came to North America slaves?

Answer:Answer:

Immigration declined when the Immigration declined when the American Revolution started.American Revolution started.

Immigration 1790-1820Immigration 1790-1820After the Revolution (we won!), the largest After the Revolution (we won!), the largest

immigrant group were the English.immigrant group were the English.

About 20% of the population was from the About 20% of the population was from the continent of Africa.continent of Africa.

What do you think the most What do you think the most common language BY FAR was in common language BY FAR was in

America during the 1700’s?America during the 1700’s?

Answer:Answer:

Use the slide above.Use the slide above.How many Irish immigrated to How many Irish immigrated to America between 1790-1825?America between 1790-1825?

Answer:Answer:

Use the slide above.Use the slide above.How many Irish immigrated to How many Irish immigrated to America between 1820-1880?America between 1820-1880?

Answer:Answer:

1820-18801820-1880The Industrial Revolution has begun and slaves were being The Industrial Revolution has begun and slaves were being

replaced by machines!!!replaced by machines!!!

Som immigrants came to work on the railroads, some were just Som immigrants came to work on the railroads, some were just diggin’ for gold in California!diggin’ for gold in California!

Most immigrants were in pursuit of a dream, but nearly all the Most immigrants were in pursuit of a dream, but nearly all the Irish immigrants from the 1840's and 1850's came to Irish immigrants from the 1840's and 1850's came to escape a nightmareescape a nightmare - a - a devastatingdevastating faminefamine back home. back home.

The Great Hunger would leave 1.5 million dead, and just as The Great Hunger would leave 1.5 million dead, and just as many would flee to America. many would flee to America.

Why did so many Irish people Why did so many Irish people immigrate to America???immigrate to America???

Answer:Answer:

1880-19301880-1930 After the Civil War, America's growing industrial economy After the Civil War, America's growing industrial economy

required the addition of many more workers, and this need required the addition of many more workers, and this need was filled once again by immigrants arriving from Europe. was filled once again by immigrants arriving from Europe.

By the 1880's, steam power had shortened the journey to By the 1880's, steam power had shortened the journey to America dramatically and immigrants poured in from around America dramatically and immigrants poured in from around the world. the world.

While earlier immigrants had come mainly from northern While earlier immigrants had come mainly from northern European countries such as England, Germany, and the European countries such as England, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries, by the 1880s most new immigrants Scandinavian countries, by the 1880s most new immigrants were arriving from southern and eastern European countries were arriving from southern and eastern European countries such as such as ItalyItaly, , PolandPoland and and RussiaRussia. The door was wide open . The door was wide open for Europeans.for Europeans.

The experience for Asian immigrants in this The experience for Asian immigrants in this period was quite different. period was quite different.

In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, severely restricting immigration from China Act, severely restricting immigration from China for the next 10 years, which was then extended to for the next 10 years, which was then extended to be indefinitely. This was the first major restriction be indefinitely. This was the first major restriction on immigration to the United States. on immigration to the United States.

For the first time in American history, immigration For the first time in American history, immigration into the United States was denied on the basis of into the United States was denied on the basis of race and class. race and class.

Why the Chinese?Why the Chinese? Chinese immigration to America was Chinese immigration to America was

influenced by both the "pull" of California's influenced by both the "pull" of California's Gold Rush and the "push" created by China's Gold Rush and the "push" created by China's impoverished conditions. impoverished conditions.

The Chinese did not find instant wealth. The Chinese did not find instant wealth. However, America's expansion to the West However, America's expansion to the West and the economic boom of the Gold Rush era and the economic boom of the Gold Rush era did provide employment possibilities for the did provide employment possibilities for the Chinese. They quickly became an inexpensive Chinese. They quickly became an inexpensive but formidable work force. but formidable work force.

Chinese face discriminationChinese face discrimination

By the early 1870s, the Gold Rush was over. Tens of By the early 1870s, the Gold Rush was over. Tens of thousands of East Coast laborers faced an economy in thousands of East Coast laborers faced an economy in decline and fierce competition for jobs. The Chinese, decline and fierce competition for jobs. The Chinese, once welcomed for their work ethic and valuable once welcomed for their work ethic and valuable contribution, were now blamed for lowering wages, contribution, were now blamed for lowering wages, employment opportunities, and working conditions of all employment opportunities, and working conditions of all laborers.laborers.

Long-held racial, cultural, and religious prejudices were Long-held racial, cultural, and religious prejudices were unleashed on the so-called "heathen Chinee." Inclined unleashed on the so-called "heathen Chinee." Inclined to maintain the customs, rituals, beliefs, and lifestyle of to maintain the customs, rituals, beliefs, and lifestyle of their homeland, the Chinese were accused of being their homeland, the Chinese were accused of being unable or unwilling to assimilate into American society. unable or unwilling to assimilate into American society.

After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, American attitudes toward immigration began to American attitudes toward immigration began to shift. Nationalism and suspicion of all foreigners shift. Nationalism and suspicion of all foreigners were on the rise, and immigrants' loyalties were were on the rise, and immigrants' loyalties were often called into question. A series of laws were often called into question. A series of laws were passed to limit the flow of immigrants.passed to limit the flow of immigrants.

With the U.S. entry into World War I in 1919, With the U.S. entry into World War I in 1919, immigration declined dramatically.immigration declined dramatically.

1930-19651930-1965

The Great Depression has begun, leaving few with the The Great Depression has begun, leaving few with the means or incentive to come to the United States. Many means or incentive to come to the United States. Many recent immigrants return to their native lands, including recent immigrants return to their native lands, including hundreds of thousands of Mexicans, many against their will. hundreds of thousands of Mexicans, many against their will. The restrictive immigration policies of the 1920s persist. The restrictive immigration policies of the 1920s persist.

In the late 1930s, with the Second World War accelerating In the late 1930s, with the Second World War accelerating in Europe, a new kind of immigrant began to challenge the in Europe, a new kind of immigrant began to challenge the quota system, and the American conscience. A small quota system, and the American conscience. A small number of refugees fleeing Nazi persecution arrived under number of refugees fleeing Nazi persecution arrived under the quota system, but most were turned away. the quota system, but most were turned away.

At the turn of the century a great 25 year surge of immigration At the turn of the century a great 25 year surge of immigration began, in which more than 100,000 Japanese nationals began, in which more than 100,000 Japanese nationals arrived in the U.S., mostly in California. arrived in the U.S., mostly in California.

The Japanese were quite successful in their business The Japanese were quite successful in their business endeavors and have produced at least one American-made endeavors and have produced at least one American-made millionaire. millionaire.

By the early years of the century, organized campaigns had By the early years of the century, organized campaigns had already arisen to exclude Japanese immigrants from U.S. already arisen to exclude Japanese immigrants from U.S. life. repeating many of the same slanders as had been used life. repeating many of the same slanders as had been used against Chinese immigrants in the decades before. against Chinese immigrants in the decades before.

By 1930, half of the Japanese in the United States U.S.-born By 1930, half of the Japanese in the United States U.S.-born second generation. These citizens were more likely to speak second generation. These citizens were more likely to speak English than Japanese, more likely to practice Christianity English than Japanese, more likely to practice Christianity than Buddhism, and more likely to prefer "American" food, than Buddhism, and more likely to prefer "American" food, sports, music, and social mores than those of Japanese sports, music, and social mores than those of Japanese tradition.tradition.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl On December 7, 1941, the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the U.S. into the Second World War. Harbor, bringing the U.S. into the Second World War. Hours after the attack, U.S. security personnel began Hours after the attack, U.S. security personnel began rounding up and arresting prominent Japanese Americans rounding up and arresting prominent Japanese Americans as security risks. By the end of the war in 1945, 125,000 as security risks. By the end of the war in 1945, 125,000 people, half of them children, had spent time in what even people, half of them children, had spent time in what even Roosevelt admitted were concentration camps. Roosevelt admitted were concentration camps.

This large-scale imprisonment of U.S. citizens solely on the This large-scale imprisonment of U.S. citizens solely on the basis of their ancestry was met with almost universal basis of their ancestry was met with almost universal approval. No serious explanations were offered as to why approval. No serious explanations were offered as to why no large-scale internment of German or Italian Americans no large-scale internment of German or Italian Americans ever took place. No Japanese American was ever ever took place. No Japanese American was ever convicted of any act of sabotage during World War II. convicted of any act of sabotage during World War II.

1965-20001965-2000By the early 1960s, calls for immigration reform were growing By the early 1960s, calls for immigration reform were growing

louder. In 1965, Lyndon Johnson signed the Hart-Cellar Act louder. In 1965, Lyndon Johnson signed the Hart-Cellar Act into law. Gone was the quota system favoring Western into law. Gone was the quota system favoring Western Europe, replaced by one offering hope to immigrants from Europe, replaced by one offering hope to immigrants from all the continents. The face of America was truly about to all the continents. The face of America was truly about to change. change.

Within 5 years, Asian immigration would more than quadruple. Within 5 years, Asian immigration would more than quadruple. This trend was magnified even further by the surge in This trend was magnified even further by the surge in refugees from the war in South East Asia and Cuba, as a refugees from the war in South East Asia and Cuba, as a result of Cold War conflicts during the 70’s and 80’s.result of Cold War conflicts during the 70’s and 80’s.

In 1978, the United States government set a single annual In 1978, the United States government set a single annual world quota of 290,000, and this ceiling was raised again in world quota of 290,000, and this ceiling was raised again in 1990 to 700,000.1990 to 700,000.

In a policy that continues to this day, the government has given In a policy that continues to this day, the government has given preferences to professionals like doctors, nurses, scientists, preferences to professionals like doctors, nurses, scientists, and hi-tech specialists, creating what is often called the "Brain and hi-tech specialists, creating what is often called the "Brain Drain." Drain."

Immigrants can enter the country by air, by sea, and by land Immigrants can enter the country by air, by sea, and by land routes through Canada and Mexico, making it easier than ever routes through Canada and Mexico, making it easier than ever to enter the country illegally. In 1986, the government gave to enter the country illegally. In 1986, the government gave amnesty to more than 3 million aliens through the Immigration amnesty to more than 3 million aliens through the Immigration Reform Act. Reform Act.

However, during the recession years of the early 90s, there was a However, during the recession years of the early 90s, there was a resurgence of anti-immigrant feeling. Yet immigrants have resurgence of anti-immigrant feeling. Yet immigrants have arrived at a pace that at times has exceeded one million new arrived at a pace that at times has exceeded one million new arrivals per year, and have settled in all parts of the country arrivals per year, and have settled in all parts of the country

1)1)

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3)3)

Compare the immigrants of 1930-1965 to the immigrants of 1965-2000.

List 3 differences between the two charts!