Immigration and Immigration and virulence virulence

Legal ImmigrationLegal Immigration

Specific screening measures Specific screening measures outlines by U.S. homeland outlines by U.S. homeland security.security.

Has two classes of diseases Has two classes of diseases

The I-693 Forum The I-693 Forum

Specific screening measures Specific screening measures outlines by U.S. homeland outlines by U.S. homeland security.security.

Only a few specially selected Only a few specially selected medical institutes are assigned medical institutes are assigned world wide by the U.S. world wide by the U.S. International immigration affairsInternational immigration affairs

Some discriminationSome discrimination

Two classes of diseasesTwo classes of diseases

Specific classes of diseases outline Specific classes of diseases outline by I-693 forum.by I-693 forum.

If any of the diseases in the two If any of the diseases in the two classes are found, then the classes are found, then the application of the immigrant is application of the immigrant is denied. However, the immigrant is denied. However, the immigrant is not discriminated against if he/she is not discriminated against if he/she is applying from inside the U.S.applying from inside the U.S.

This is Understandable. This is Understandable.

The I-693 ForumThe I-693 Forum

Actual forum.Actual forum.

http://www.uscis.gov/files/form/I-693.pdfhttp://www.uscis.gov/files/form/I-693.pdf

Another version of the forum.Another version of the forum.

Illegal immigrationIllegal immigration

Might cause new disease Might cause new disease epidemicsepidemics

CDC warns that diseases such CDC warns that diseases such as active hepatitis and Polio as active hepatitis and Polio might resurface in the U.S.might resurface in the U.S.

Illegal immigrants are not Illegal immigrants are not screenedscreened

What is the course of actionWhat is the course of action

This is where the study of disease This is where the study of disease pathogenesis comes to playpathogenesis comes to play

Understanding the microbial Understanding the microbial organism is the key to stopping it. organism is the key to stopping it.

It takes a long time to find ways of It takes a long time to find ways of counter attacking microorganisms counter attacking microorganisms

Studying Microorganisms Studying Microorganisms

As a sample of what molecular As a sample of what molecular biologists and other biologists and other governmental biology branches governmental biology branches do to counterattack disease do to counterattack disease epidemicsepidemics

Sample steps takes by the Sample steps takes by the CDC Step 1CDC Step 1

First, identifying First, identifying Infection ColonizationInfection Colonization by by pathogen and the subsequent host-pathogen and the subsequent host-pathogen pathogen

Degree of infectionDegree of infection

Pathogenesis Development of disease Pathogenesis Development of disease Infectious An abnormal state of the body Infectious An abnormal state of the body Disease or part thereof) caused by Disease or part thereof) caused by infectious processes of an invading infectious processes of an invading pathogen and the host responsepathogen and the host response

Step 2 knowing the distribution Step 2 knowing the distribution pattern of the pathogenpattern of the pathogen

Key termsKey terms Local infectionLocal infection: Pathogen remains : Pathogen remains

at the portal of entry and adjacent at the portal of entry and adjacent area. E.g. area. E.g. Gonorrhea Gonorrhea BsL 2 BsL 2

Systemic infectionSystemic infection: Pathogens not : Pathogens not restricted, spread throughout body restricted, spread throughout body small pox. BsL 4 statussmall pox. BsL 4 status

Focal infectionFocal infection: Local infection : Local infection transported to other local sites transported to other local sites chicken pox or small pox BsL 2 and chicken pox or small pox BsL 2 and 4 respectively. 4 respectively.

Step 3 Identifying the Step 3 Identifying the organisms properties organisms properties

Microorganism’s propertiesMicroorganism’s properties Type, virulence factors, number of Type, virulence factors, number of

organismsorganisms Host propertiesHost properties Immune systemImmune system Nervous systemNervous system Endocrine systemEndocrine system Infectious doseInfectious dose Contact site, portal of entryContact site, portal of entry

Step 4 identifying the infectious Step 4 identifying the infectious and lethal doses and lethal doses By doing this, the department of homeland security By doing this, the department of homeland security

can stop the disease from its origins (that is if they can stop the disease from its origins (that is if they already have the means to stop it) from if source of already have the means to stop it) from if source of origin.origin.

This also determines the threat class of the disease This also determines the threat class of the disease and how to let the public know of safety and how to let the public know of safety precautions.precautions.

ID50ID50= infectious dose for 50% of the test population= infectious dose for 50% of the test population LD50LD50= lethal dose for 50% of the test population= lethal dose for 50% of the test population E.g. F. tularensis E.g. F. tularensis ID50 (aerosol) = 10-50 orgID50 (aerosol) = 10-50 org

RicinLD50 (mice)= 3-5μg/kgMeasures of VirulenceRicinLD50 (mice)= 3-5μg/kgMeasures of Virulence

End noteEnd note

Molecular biology is the basis of Molecular biology is the basis of understanding how microorganisms understanding how microorganisms work at a molecular level. work at a molecular level.

The steps outlined are far more The steps outlined are far more complicated. This was, not a complicated. This was, not a dramatization, but a summary outline dramatization, but a summary outline of how scientists in this field fight of how scientists in this field fight diseases.diseases.

Why immigrationWhy immigration

Because it has always been a Because it has always been a threat to the U.S., health wise.threat to the U.S., health wise.

Ever since the early 1930s the Ever since the early 1930s the CDC was there to help prevent CDC was there to help prevent disease spread.disease spread.