IMMIGRATION

If you could move anywhere in the world, where would you move?

Why? Who would you take with you, if anyone? Why?

The Journey…The trip from

Europe to America took two weeks and cost about $30.00

Most immigrants traveled in steerage or 3rd class quarters. The conditions were crowded, filthy, and filled with stench.

Ellis Island opened in 1892. Here, 5,000 to 10,000 immigrants were processed each day.

Once at Ellis Island…Immigrants had to

pass a physical exam and were interviewed.

Most new immigrants were poor and uneducated. One-third were illiterate (couldn’t read). Almost none could speak English.

New Immigration

1880-1920http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwo4eZ-MF10

What is immigration?

Immigration is the movement of people from one country to another

An immigrant is someone who comes into another country.

Immigrants have been coming to America since the 1600s. But the immigration we are talking about now took place much later! After the 1880’s!

New ImmigrationNew immigration is

the wave of immigration from 1880 to 1920. During this time, 23 million immigrants enter the United States.

Ellis Island

Immigrants from Europe entered the United States at Ellis Island in New York City.

Angel IslandImmigrants from Asia entered the

United States at Angel Island in San Francisco, California.

Immigration was a combination of Push/Pull

factorsPush- reasons they left home country

Crop Failure/Famine

Land and Job Shortages

Rising Taxes

Religious and/or Political Discrimination

Disease

Pull- reasons they came to the U.S.

• Freedom

• Join Families

Economic Opportunity

Wealth

Jobs

So why did Immigration increase after the Civil

War?

•Hope for better opportunities•Escape from oppressive government•Adventure•Religious freedom

Because of HEAR!

The Rise of Cities

Immigration and The growth of Industry

Immigration and The growth of Industry

Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods

3 challenges:1. Tenements – a run-down, dirty apartment

building.2. Ghettos/slums – part of a city that contains

poor and rundown neighborhoods3. Political Corruption / Political Machines

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EBDA5D42-F75E-4F53-9E02-F87289EB7625&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

(Alexander Graham Bell)

Jacob Riis – Was a Reformer who published “How the other half lives”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxSV1F-sM4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/tag/rag-pickers/ Italian rag picker info

Efforts to solve Immigration problems1) Settlement Houses

- Located in poor neighborhoods, provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries and libraries. Also had classes in English, Music and the Arts

ex: Hull House , Founded by Jane Addams

2) YMCA and YWCA - Recreation center for inner city kids

23rd Street YMCA, 1897 metropolitan champions

3) Political machines – gained power by helping new immigrants:

- Would provide housing and jobs in exchange for votes!

Why Cities Grew 3 reasons

1. Huge rise in immigration to America led to an abundance of cheap skilled and un-skilled workers

2. USA was changing from a rural to an urban nation (People were leaving the farm and moving to the city)

3. Immigrants would have to work for dangerous and low paying jobs.

Ex 1: Steel Mills of Pittsburgh

Ex 2: Meat Packing plants of Chicago and Kansas City

( The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair, was a tell all book exposing the nasty conditions in meatpacking plants)

The growth of IndustryAfter the Civil War, the

United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

One reason for growth was new inventions

Inventions

1)The telephone (1876)by Alexander Graham Bell

•He opened the Bell telephone company the following year

Inventions2) The Electric Light Bulb (1879) Thomas Edison “The Wizard of Menlo Park”

•Also invented first power plants, phonograph, motion picture projector and the storage battery

3) The Automobile (1908) Henry Ford’s “Model T”Established his first automobile

plant in Michigan. The Model T sold for $850.00

Rise and prosperity of big

businessThe captains of industry

What 3 items led to the rise of big

business?They were:

1) National markets created by transportation advances(railroads and automobiles)

2) Advertising

3) The Captains of Industry

John D. RockefellerCaptain of OIL

- Created the Standard Oil Trust (1882)- Became an Oil monopoly

Andrew CarnegieCaptain of Steel

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became steel capital of the U.S.--Created Carnegie Steel Company (1900)

Cornelius VanderbiltCaptain of Shipping and Railroads-Made his fortune by consolidating several small railroad companies into one big empire

UrbanizationIndustry and cities

Cities and regions became major centers for business and industry

For example:

1. New York City, Boston and Philadelphia were manufacturing centers.

2. Pittsburgh was steel (The Steelers)

3. Detroit was automobiles (The Pistons)

4. Chicago was meatpacking (The Bulls)

5. New England states were textiles

Discrimination against Immigrants (2 main

groups)1)The Chinese

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for 10 years. Was extended in 1892 and again in 1902.

Why?Competition for gold and jobsDiscrimination spread to all Asian

immigrants

2) Discrimination against the Irish

Were discriminated against terribly. Were seen as alcoholics, uneducated and dirty. They were denied jobs and housing because of the fact that they

were Irish

Growth of Industry (summary)

Lots of raw materials and energy (coal and oil)

Large work force due to massive immigration

Inventions and the Captains of Industry

The Railroads (could ship goods all over the country)