imos bluewater chris sabine bluewater node of imos susan wijffels, ken ridgway, anthony richardson,...
TRANSCRIPT
IMOS BlueWater
Chris Sabine
Bluewater Node of IMOSSusan Wijffels, Ken Ridgway, Anthony Richardson,
Eric Schulz, Bronte Tilbrook and the rest of the Bluewater Team
IMOS BlueWater
3 major themes identified at the June workshop
• Ocean Variability and Climate Change
• Bio-Physical Coupling
• Boundary Current/Shelf Interactions
• Gas Hydrates and Biosphere (IODP)
IMOS BlueWater
Bluewater: Observational Needs for Research
Major research questions:• What is the role of the ocean in weather, climate variability
and change? • What role does the ocean play in setting atmospheric carbon
levels?• Where and how does ocean and climate variability impact on
pelagic ecosystems, their productivity and fisheries?• How do large-scale offshore changes affect our coastal
environment and ecosystems?• Is there predictability in the system and where? On what
timescales?
IMOS BlueWater
Bluewater: Observational Needs for Research
• satellite sea-level, SST, ocean colour, winds: sustained and with cal/val.
• broad-scale ocean structure: sustained• broad-scale ecosystem structure: sustained• broad-scale BGC measurements: sustained• boundary currents and associated eddy system,
interfaced with a shelf array• detailed carbon budget studies
IMOS BlueWater
Modelling/integration Needs for Research
• Global data-assimilating ocean and atmospheric models
• Earth simulators• Detailed regional models – both coupled and
uncoupled• BGC and ecosystem models
We need strong links and to coordinate with these activities to fully exploit IMOS and to help improve its impact and design.
IMOS BlueWater
Approach1. Identified gaps in network and those most urgent
to fill2. Built on existing demonstrated national capacities
• reduce risk and ensure quick roll-out • expect high success rate in most elements
3. Expand system across disciplines and ecosystem components
4. Select elements well integrated into international programs
5. Strive for real-time systems • needed for growing national capacity in ocean
reanalysis and forecasting• resulting gridded fields will greatly expand uptake by
the research community
IMOS BlueWater
Argo: a means of tracking the slow large-scale structure of the upper 2000m
150m global temperature analysis from Neville Smith at BMRC: http://www.bom.gov.au/bmrc/ocean/results/
IMOS BlueWater
Argo: a means of tracking the slow large-scale structure of the upper 2000m
May
Nov
Sept.July
Jan
2006/2007 Indian Ocean Dipole and El Nino – best measured yet!
IMOS BlueWater
IMOS Argo
• 50 T/S Argo floats per year (assuming a continuation of existing contributions from AGO, CSIRO and BoM)
• Prospect for some oxygen deployments via supplementary funding from CSIRO (yet to be confirmed)
IMOS BlueWater
Air-sea fluxes: critical but poorly known
Grist and Josey (2006) NOC1.1a surface heat flux climatology – based on best marine surface observations, most recent bulk formulae and adjusted to fit large-scale ocean constraints
Heat flux out of the ocean in
W/m2
IMOS BlueWater
Air-sea fluxes: so which do you force an ocean model with or use to validate a coupled model?
WHOI OA ERA40 NCEP1
Calibrated satellite obs. Atm. Reanalysis Atm. Reanalysis
IMOS BlueWater
IMOS Surface fluxes: providing high-quality validation data sets
We face a dearth of validation in the oceans around Australia and particularly in southern high-latitudes
IMOS will:
1. Instrument RV Aurora Australia and RV Southern Surveyor with high-quality marine meteorological suite and radiation measurements
2. Establish a flux-measuring surface mooring at the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) site
IMOS BlueWater
Major Current Systems Influence Region • Advective component of ocean heat/salt budget and complements Argo’s storage measurements
• strong intraseasonal to interannual variability
• water mass variability little known
• climate change e.g. EAC strengthening and warming? Do we have direct evidence?
IMOS BlueWater
Monitoring regional currents from SOOP
• Eastern, western & southern Boundary Currents, northern shelf regions, GBR
• coastal to basin-width – transport resolving
• seasonal to decadal – does not resolve submonthly timescales (eddy processes)
• Real-time and delayed mode
• Temperature only
IMOS BlueWater
Eddy resolving WBC monitoring is missing
• need to fill the crucial gap between offshore large-scale processes and onshelf conditions
• get T as well as S and v
• plan for pilot IMOS Bluewater Glider deployments needs to be developed
IMOS BlueWater
Standardised anomaly plots
Regime Shifts and Ecological Impacts: we see hints in our region but sufficient data is rare. Compare with long series collected in the North Atlantic
SST
Phytoplankton Colour
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Edwards et al. (2006) L&O
IMOS BlueWater
Beaugrand et al. (2003) Nature
Climate Change: Cod Collapse
IMOS BlueWater
Multidisciplinary Underway Network: AusCPR and BGC Underway Observing System
• enhance and broaden existing underway measurement programs using commercial and research ships of opportunity (SOOP)
• establish phytoplankton and zooplankton and basic BGC measurements on ship of opportunity lines providing national coverage for the first time
Plankton, T, S & Fl
XBT - T(x, z)
PCO2Summer only
IMOS BlueWater
Research Enabled
• Links between planktonic ecosystem structure and large-scale physical variability
• Links between ocean ML chemistry and uptake of gases and large-scale physical variability
• Validation/development data sets for BGC and ecosystem models
IMOS BlueWater
•
Critical Sites for Detailed Local Measurements
Moored Phys-Chem-Bio Observatory in the Australian Sub Antarctic – for quantifying Southern Ocean influence on global carbon balance, impacts of acidification, controls on productivity, calibration of remote sensing - builds on existing ACE CRC and SOOP programs
IMOS BlueWater
IMOS Bluewater - a myriad of research applications
1. Dynamics and predictability of seasonal climate variability2. Ocean’s role in global heat balance3. Climate Change fingerprinting4. Sea level rise5. Ocean circulation and dynamics6. Air/sea interaction7. Dynamics and predictability of intraseasonal variability8. Biogeochemical/Ecosystem Model Development9. Carbon uptake10. Ocean acidification11. Climate change impacts on physics, chemistry and biology12. Remote sensing validation13. Marine Biodiversity14. Ecosystem Health15. Biogeochemical and Biological Oceanography16. Fisheries Oceanography17. Marine conservation18. Dispersal of marine pests19. Ecology of pelagic and coastal species20. …..
IMOS BlueWater
Issues
• Integration with coastal/regional nodes
• Outreach – data availability key along with gridded products.
• eMII is core function – we all need to make it work – IMOS will live and die by its presence on the web and data uptake
• WBC’s remain a big challeng
IMOS BlueWater
END
• Thanks