impact analysis of integrated weed management under irrigated eco-systems in cultivation of tropical...
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IMPACT ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER IRRIGATED ECO-SYSTEMS IN CULTIVATION OF TROPICAL
CROPS IN TAMILNADU OF SOUTHERN INDIA
Govindarajan, K. Associate Professor
(Agricultural Economics)
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
ABOUT STUDY AREA
ABOUT TAMILNADU
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Latitude North 8° 5' and 13°
5‘
Longitude East 76° 15' and 80°
20'
Population 62.4 million
Geographical area 13.02 million ha
ABOUT TAMILNADU
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Cropped Area 5.81 million ha
Area under food grains 3.16 million ha
Area under sugar crops 0.39 million ha
Total Rainfall 1165 mm
Monsoon Seasons
South West Monsoon 341 mm
North East Monsoon 515 mm
IMPORTANCE OF STUDY CROPS
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Particulars Area of crops in m.ha.
Production in
m.tonnes
Productivity in qtls
Paddy 19.31 66.11 51.86
Maize 0.20 0.76 38.38
Sugarcane 0.39 4.52 115
All Crops 58.43
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Paddy and Maize occupy nearly
36 per cent of the cropped area Sugarcane occupies around 7 percent Weeds alone causes around 30 per cent
reduction in yield levels Hence efficient management of weeds become
primary objective for the farmers Farmers follow traditional methods and modern methods Modern methods include integrated weed management Hence the present study
Integrated Weed Management
Cultural
Manual
Mechanical
Chemical
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
OBJECTIVES To observe the benefits of Herbicide
application To assess any conservation of resource useTo analyze the difference in productivity levels of the crop between the herbicide applied farms and non- herbicide farms
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
METHODOLOGY
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
DETAILS OF METHODOLOGY
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Structured questionnaire
Operation wise labour utilization
Inputs applied
Details on cost of cultivation
Yield realized
Income realized
Profit earned
CROPS COVERED* Paddy
* Maize
*
Sugarcan
e
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
SAMPLES
* 120
* 120
* 120
YEAR
* 2008-
09
* Criteria: Herbicide Applied farms and Non-
Herbicide Farms
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data analyzed for
Operation wise labour use
Cost of cultivation of
crops
RESULTS-PADDY
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
OperationHerbicide Applied
Farms
Non Herbicide
FarmsPreparatory Cultivation 11.15 8.81Manuring 3.02 4.14Sowing & Planting 21.98 21.57Weeding 21.18 23.94Irrigation 17.29 14.58Plant Protection 1.91 1.03Harvesting 23.47 25.94Total labour hours
100.00(913.97)
100.00(989.27)
Operation wise Labour Use
in percentage
RESULTS-PADDY
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Operation Herbicide Applied Farms
Non Herbicide
FarmsCost of Labour 35.55 45.53
Cost of inputs except herbicide 33.28 31.76
Cost of Herbicide 6.66 0.00
Animal & Machine Hire 24.51 22.71
Total Cost 100.00(25440.60)
100.00(24480.40)
Yield per ha in qtls 53.80 44.92
Income Realized in Rs. 35826 31193
Profit Realized in Rs. 10386 6712
Cost of Cultivation per ha.
in percentage
RESULTS-MAIZE
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
RESULTS-MAIZE
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Cost of Cultivation per ha.
in Rs/ha.
RESULTS-MAIZE
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Operation Herbicide Applied Farms
Non Herbicide
Farms
Yield per ha in qtls 43.73 40.15
Income Realized in Rs. 30780 25027
Profit Realized in Rs. 13031 8705
Yield and Income per ha.
RESULTS-SUGARCANE
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Operation wise Labour Use
RESULTS-SUGARCANE
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
Cost of Cultivation per ha
in Rs / ha
Operation Herbicide Applied Farms
Non Herbicide
FarmsCost of Labour 59.19 60.13
Cost of inputs except herbicide 33.14 33.87
Cost of Herbicide 2.49 0.00
Animal & Machine Hire 5.18 5.50
Total Cost 100.00(64727)
100.00(62327)
Yield per ha in qtls 1131.04 1030.90
Income Realized in Rs. 119240 110179
Profit Realized in Rs. 54514 47852
SUMMARY
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
• Labour Savings
• Productivity increase
• Capital formation
Particulars Paddy Maize Sugarcane
Labour saving (hrs)
43.32 32.89 80.26
Output increase (qtls)
8.88 3.58 100.14
Increase in Profit (Rs.)
3673.60 4326.12
6661.03
CONCLUSION
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC
• Herbicide usage is an effective
option in controlling the weeds if it
is environmentally suitable
Dept . of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore.DWSRC