IMPACT OF COAL MINING ON LAND USE/LAND COVER USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

S.CHIRASMAYEE

131870

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CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION• LITERATURE REVIEW• METHODOLOGY• CASE STUDIES• SUMMARY• REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

• Land use refers to man’s activities and the various uses which are carried on land.

• Land covers refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover, and others noticed to the land.

• Land cover reflects the biophysical state of the earth’s surface and immediate subsurface.

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• Rapid growth of mining activities can also be attributed as one of the reasons for decrease and degradation of land

• Mining of coal both surface and subsurface causes enormous damage.

• It causes wide spread landscape destruction.

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IMPACT ON LANDUSE/LANDCOVER

• The mining of natural resources is invariably associated with land use and land cover changes

• Due to mining large pits are left over• Large amounts of overburden material excavated

during mining is dumped in the vicinity of the mine sites.

• Flow of silt from overburden dumps causes degradation of land and disruption of water flow.

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• Degradation of forests leads to extensive damage and loss to the forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat.

• The overburden of coal mines when dumped in unminned areas creates mine spoils affecting the surrounding vegetation.

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USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUE

• The use of remote sensing coupled with geographic information systems (GIS) provide

1)The most accurate means of measuring extent of changes

2)Pattern of changes over time• It offers the most economical means of assessing

environmental impact• Helps in generation of suitable action plans.

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Literature review

• Tuhin K Mukherjee et.al (1997) have attempted to map the land use/land cover information using remote sensing data to find out the changes in land use pattern in the area of in and around Singrauli Coalfield, Uttar Pradesh, India, using PAMAP G1S package.

• Imran Khan et.al (2012) the main objective of their study is to understand land use/land cover change in time and space, in the coal mining activities using multi temporal remote sensing data, by which 15 land use/land cover categories were identified.

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• Akshay Kumar and Arvind Chandra Pandey (2013) Investigated the spatio-temporal land use/land cover changes in South Karanpura coal mine and surrounding areas during the period from 1992 to 2009,and they observed that the majority of changes are identified over agricultural land, coal mining area and forests.

• Alkan . M et.al (2013) analysed temporal and spatial changes by Maximum Likelihood Classification technique and the results were represented in classes of open area, forest, agricultural, water, mining, urban and pollution in the sea, in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey which are active coal mining and iron fabric areas.

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• Sarma .K et.al (2013) analysed the process of human-induced landscape transformation in the coal mined affected areas by interpreting temporal remote sensing data using geographic information system and they found out the change in different land use/land cover pattern in mine affected areas and it helped to delineate the vegetation areas under risk due to mining activities.

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COMMON METHODOLOGY

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Case study-1

Spatio-temporal land cover dynamics in open cast coal mine area of Singrauli, M.P., India

• Authors :- Imran Khan, Akram Javed • OBJECTIVE: The main objective of their study is to

understand land use/land cover change in time and space, with special references to the coal mining activities using multi temporal remote sensing data

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• Journal :-Journal of Geographic Information System, 2012, 4, 521-529

• Study Area :- Lies partly in Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh and partly in Sonebhadra district of Uttar Pradesh.

14Fig 1: Study area

15Fig 2: Study area map

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• Data Used :-

• Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) LISS II geo-coded False Colour Composite (FCC)

• IRS LISS III (FCC) of 4th May 2010 were used to analyze the land use/land cover pattern.

• The survey of India topographic sheets No 63L/12 scale 1:50,000 of 1976 for preparation of base map.

• The climate data from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) Pune.

• Secondary data obtained from (www.ncl.nic.in, www.ntpc.com, www.singrauli.nic.in) and district statistical handbook have been also used.

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• Methodology Using map-to-map comparison, images are classified and then

maps are generated to compare LULC changes The images of both the years (1993 and 2010) were registered

with topographical map to minimize geometric errors. Land cover were categorized in 15 classes These categories were identified on the basis of visual

interpretation of satellite data Digitization of maps were done using ArcMap 10 software for

land use analysis. Area statistics of each land use/land cover category of 1993

and 2010 were generated in ArcMap 10

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• Results and Discussion

• The study revealed that mining and industrial activities around Singrauli coal field are the main forces responsible for land use/land cover change.

• Increase in mining activity has resulted in degradation of dense forest, cultivated land and water bodies in the area.

• Settlement area has increases due to population explosion.

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IRS LISS II (1993) IRS P6 LISS III (2010).

Fig3 : comparision maps

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Fig 4: Change detection map (1993-2010).

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Case study-2

Evaluating impact of coal mining activity on landuse/landcover using temporal satellite images in South Karanpura coalfields and environs, Jharkhand state, India.

• Authors:- Akshay Kumar and Arvind Chandra Pandey

• OBJECTIVE: Investigate the spatio-temporal land use/land cover changes in South Karanpura coal mine and surrounding areas during the period from 1992 to 2009.

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• Journal :-International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS

• Study Area :- The study area is situated in Patratu region located in Ramgarh/Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand State

23Fig 5 Study area

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• Data Used :-• LISS–III data of 2004 and 2009 from National

Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) Hyderabad.• ETM+ data for the year 1992 from U.S. Geological

Survey (USGS) website (http://glovis.usgs.gov). • Topographical map was obtained from Survey of

India (SOI) • ERDAS imagine version 9.2

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• Methodology

• Map-to-map comparison was used for land use/ land cover change detection.

• Temporal satellite images were used for the preparation of land use/land cover maps.

• Visual interpretation and image analysis techniques were used to monitor land use land cover change.

• LU/LC categorization was done.• The five level-I categories were classified.• The level-II classification were categorized in 17 classes

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• Results

The five

level-I LU/LC were

classified

Table 3 Details of Land use land coverin th study area in 1992, 2004,2009

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Summary

• The remote sensing techniques proved its potential in generating accurate spatio- temporal area statistics of LU/LC and economical way.

• Total destruction of forest cover was noted in certain coal mines

• There is an urgent need to increase the forest cover of the area to sustain ecological balance in the region.

• Appropriate rehabilitation measures using those plants which may grow need to be taken up in the mine-affected areas .

• The findings of such studies could be useful while formulating the Management Plan for the districts.

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References

• Akshay Kumar and Arvind Chandra Pandey , Department of Remote sensing, Birla institute of technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India , Evaluating impact of coal mining activity on landuse/landcover using temporal satellite images in south karanpura coalfields and environs, Jharkhand State, India, Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2013, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 183-197, Article ID Tech-110 .

• Alkan.M & Oruc.M & Yildirim .Y & Seker. D. Z & Jacobsen.K , Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Land Use/Cover Changes; a Case Study in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey J Indian Soc Remote Sens (September 2013) 41(3):587–596

• Imran Khan and Akram Javed a paper on Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Dynamics in Open Cast Coal Mine Area of Singrauli, M.P., India in the Journal of Geographic Information System, 2012, 4, 521-529

• Sarma, K and Kushwaha. S.P.S , Coal mining impact on land use/land cover in Jaintia hills district of Meghalaya, India using remote sensing and GIS technique

• Singh N P , Tuhin K Mukherjee and Shrivastava B B P , Monitoring the impact of coal mining and thermal power industry on landuse pattern in and around Singrauli coalfield using remote sensing data and GIS Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Vol. 25, No. I, 1997 2828

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