International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No. 6, June 2013

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Impact of Multimedia Database and their Issues on Cloud

Computing

Anand Mohan, Assistant Professor, NSHM Group of Institutions, Durgapur

ABSTRACT

Multimedia database is the most popular and widely used

data in the IT sector known for data storage and retrieval

due to technological advancement mobile computing and

multimedia database has developed. This paper gives the

idea and general overview of multimedia database their

issues of multimedia database systems considering new

area of Cloud Computing. Different types of multimedia

databases their queries and to retrieve the data from

database. Different types of architecture of multimedia

databases are also discussed. Paper cover all the basic

concepts of multimedia database. Mobile cloud computing

is one of mobile technology trends in the future since it

combines the advantages of both mobile computing and

cloud computing, thereby providing optimal services for

mobile users.

Keywords: Mobile Multimedia databases, Mobile cloud computing

INTRODUCTION

Multimedia database is a database that hosts one or more

primary media file types such as .txt (documents), .jpg

(images), .swf (videos), .mp3 (audio), etc. and loosely fall

into three main categories:

Static media (time-independent, i.e. images and

handwriting)

Dynamic media (time-dependent, i.e. video and

sound bytes)

Dimensional media (i.e. 3D games or computer-

aided drafting programs- CAD)

All primary media files are stored in binary strings of

zeros and ones, and are encoded according to file type.

The term "data" is typically referenced from the computer

point of view, whereas the term "multimedia" is

referenced from the user point of view.

TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA DATABASES

There are numerous different types of multimedia

databases, including:

a) The Authentication Multimedia Database (also

known as a Verification Multimedia Database, i.e.

retina scanning), is a 1:1 data comparison

b) The Identification Multimedia Database is a data

comparison of one-to-many (i.e. passwords and

personal identification numbers.

c) A newly-emerging type of multimedia database, is

the Biometrics Multimedia Database; which

specializes in automatic human verification based

on the algorithms of their behavioral or

physiological profile.

This method of identification is superior to traditional

multimedia database methods requiring the typical input

of personal identification numbers and passwords due to

the fact that the person being identified does not need to

be physically present, where the identification check is

taking place. This removes the need for the person being

scanned to remember a PIN or password. Fingerprint

identification technology is also based on this type of

multimedia database.

COMPONENTS OF A MULTIMEDIA

SYSTEM:

The Hardware and Software Components required for a

multimedia system are:

(a) Capture a device which has a wide variety of range

including Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio,

Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D

input devices, tactile sensors, VR devices.

Digitizing Hardware etc.

(b) Communication Networks includes Local Networks,

Intranets, Internet, Multimedia or other special high

speed networks.

(c) Storage Devices such as Hard disks, CD-ROMs,

DVDROM, etc.

(d) Display Devices like CD-quality speakers, HDTV,

SVGA, Hi-Resolution monitors, Color printers etc.

(e) Computer Systems like Multimedia Desktop

machines, Workstations, MPEG/ VIDEO/DSP

Hardware etc.

DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED WITH

MULTIMEDIA DATABASES

The difficulty of making these different types of

multimedia databases readily accessible to humans is:

International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No. 6, June 2013

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a) The tremendous amount of bandwidth they

consume;

b) Creating Globally-accepted data-handling

platforms, such as Joomla, and the special

considerations that these new multimedia database

structures require.

c) Creating a Globally-accepted operating system,

including applicable storage and resource

management programs need to accommodate the

vast Global multimedia information hunger.

d) Multimedia databases need to take into

accommodate various human interfaces to handle

3D-interactive objects, in an logically-perceived

manner (i.e. SecondLife.com).

e) Accommodating the vast resources required to

utilize artificial intelligence to it's fullest potential-

including computer sight and sound analysis

methods.

f) The historic relational databases (i.e the Binary

Large Objects – BLOBs- developed for SQL

databases to store multimedia data) do not

conveniently support content-based searches for

multimedia content.

This is due to the relational database not being able to

recognize the internal structure of a Binary Large Object

and therefore internal multimedia data components cannot

be retrieved.

Basically, a relational database is an "everything or

nothing" structure- with files retrieved and stored as a

whole, which makes a relational database completely

inefficient for making multimedia data easily accessible to

humans.

In order to effectively accommodate multimedia data, a

database management system, such as an Object Oriented

Database (OODB) or Object Relational Database

Management System (ORDBMS). Examples of Object

Relational Database Management Systems include

Odaptor (HP): UniSQL, ODB-II, and Illustra.

The flip-side of the coin, is that unlike non-multimedia

data stored in relational databases, multimedia data cannot

be easily indexed, retrieved or classified, except by way of

social bookmarking and ranking-rating, by actual humans.

This is made possible by metadata retrieval methods,

commonly referred to as tags, and tagging. This is why we

can search for dogs, as an example, and a picture comes

up based on your text search tem. This is also referred to a

schematic mode. Whereas doing a search with a picture of

a dog to locate other dog pictures is referred to as

paradigmatic mode.

However, metadata retrieval, search, and identify methods

severely lack in being able to properly define uniform

space and texture descriptions, such as the spatial

relationships between 3D objects, etc. The Content-Based

Retrieval multimedia database search method (CBR),

however, is specifically based on these types of searches.

In other words, if you were to search an image or sub-

image; you would then be shown other images or sub-

images that related in some way to your the particular

search, by way of color ratio or pattern, etc.

MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING AS A

FUTURE OF MOBILE MULTIMEDIA

DATABASE

Cloud computing (CC) has been widely recognized as the

next generation’s computing infrastructure offers some

advantages by allowing users to use infrastructure (e.g.,

servers, networks, and storages), platforms (e.g.,

middleware services and operating systems), and

softwares (e.g., application programs). Most of Mobile

devices (smartphone, mobiles, tablet pcs, etc) are

increasingly becoming an essential part of human life as

the most effective and convenient communication tools

not bounded by time and place.

Mobile users accumulate rich experience of various

services from mobile applications (e.g., iPhone apps,

Google apps, etc), which run on the devices and/or on

remote servers via wireless networks. The rapid progress

of mobile computing (MC) becomes a powerful trend in

the development of IT technology as well as commerce

and industry fields. However, the mobile devices are

facing many challenges in their resources (e.g., battery

life, storage, and bandwidth) and communications (e.g.,

mobility and security) . The limited resources significantly

impede the improvement of service qualities.

According to the latest study from Juniper Research, the

market for cloud-based mobile applications will grow

88% from 2009 to 2014. The market was just over $400

million this past year, says Juniper, but by 2014 it will

reach $9.5 billion.

MOBILE MULTIMEDIA CHALLENGES

Multimedia data are consists of images, audio, text and

video it requires large amount of storage and fast speed

for transferring data. For storing and managing data

different types of devices and equipments are required in

heterogeneous mobile environment. Data retrieval and to

providing multimedia content to mobile devices are

frequent device disconnection as in mobile environment

connection breaks frequently that leads to the issue of

synchronization and consistency. Although speed of

International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No. 6, June 2013

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Internet improved a lot in recent year with advancement

of technology, but still there is need of improvement.

Other issues are poor performance, limitation of

communication bandwidth, limitation of the database

model, data consistency, synchronization, limited device

storage and other resource constraints. An issue of

security and privacy is also important as data in mobile

environment is broadcast; this may leads to issues of

security and privacy of data.

ARCHITECTURES OF MOBILE

MULTIMEDIA CLOUD COMPUTING

From the concept of Mobile Cloud Computing devices are

connected to mobile networks via base station ( BTS -

Base Transfer Receiver, access point or satellite that

establish and control the connections and functional

interfaces between the network and mobile devices.

Mobile user's requests and information are transmitted to

the central processor that are connected to servers

providing mobile network services. Mobile Network

operators can provide service to mobile users based on

home agent and subscribers’ data stored in databases.

Fig. 1. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) architecture.

After that, the subscribers’ requests are delivered to a

cloud through the Internet. In the cloud, cloud controllers

process the requests to provide mobile users with the

corresponding cloud services. These services are

developed with the concepts of utility computing,

virtualization, and service-oriented architecture (e.g., web,

application, and database servers).

APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD

COMPUTING

Cloud computing is one of the most promising

technologies in the modern day world. Several companies

have already popped in the cloud market and achieved

desired goals they planned for their business’s expansion.

To add more to cloud’s importance in the growing IT

industry let us check on some of its uses and benefits that

it offers to its users.

1. Cloud Follows Pay for What we use Model

This particular characteristic of cloud focus on the fact

that cloud computing and managed cloud services are

truly cost-effective. This means users will have to pay

only for the amount of service used by them. This way,

money spent on improving business through cloud doesn’t

prove to be expensive. SMBs are benefited the most with

such a type of facility that cloud offers.

2. (24*7) Availability and Performance Oriented

Infrastructure

When we talk about cloud, one thing that concerns us is

whether such a technology can cater to the client’s needs

or whether it can create a highly scalable environment. If

such questions boggle your mind, don’t worry as managed

cloud services will do it for you. Things like cloud

monitoring, cloud migration of data from one server to the

cloud server etc among others are two of the activities that

are catered by managed cloud service providers.

3. Cloud Technology believes in Optimization of

Existing Resources If company is facing hard time in managing hardware and

software stuff. Servers are running extremely low and

there is not enough space left for any new data to be

stored. To overcome such a situation, cloud services are

introduced so that existing servers get rest from the over

loaded traffic and work environment of the company

becomes more synchronized. By doing so, not only the

resources get optimized but with the help of managed

cloud services businesses are able to focus on other

business related activities as well.

4. Organizations Experience Device Independence

When we say that by putting everything on cloud can

reduce your worry of keeping a track of hardware and

software devices, we probably want to make your existing

International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No. 6, June 2013

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physical world into a virtual one. With managed cloud

services you don’t have to bother about what’s going on in

your in-house IT premises.

Let your cloud manager do the burdensome work and help

you get rid of all the expensive hardware and software that

cost you almost an arm or a leg.

5. Disaster Recovery Plan Help to Restore Data

Quickly on Cloud

For every cloud to be a successful one, pre-configured

disaster recovery plan is must. Cloud disaster recovery

plan works automatically at the time a server or data

crashes and help in restoring at the earliest. Incorporating

such applications makes cloud an efficient platform for

managing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS competitively.

6.Agile Development on Cloud

Agility in business operations comes with effective and

efficient tools that help in constructing a strong and

construing business or work environment. This is due to

the fact that cloud technology is built on norms like

understanding service-level agreements or SLAs,

developing various strategies to understand the business

as a whole and then improvising as well as analyzing the

steps necessary for keep the businesses running smoothly.

7. Cloud, Cost-Effective in Nature If you haven’t opted for cloud technology till date, don’t

lag behind and pop into the cloud market to enjoy a cost-

effective business environment. As mentioned above that

cloud promotes device independence, the cost of hardware

and software automatically cuts short. Although, the

initial expense of deploying cloud architecture is there,

but that also focuses on pay for what you use model.

8.Cloud Architecture is Exceptionally Flexible

The entire concept of cloud computing is divided into

three forms of cloud. These include Public cloud, Private

Cloud and Hybrid Cloud. All three have significant

characteristics; however their choice depends on the

personal requirements of businesses.

Public Cloud : In this type of cloud form, data

stored is in cloud server, which is located at a distant place

elsewhere. It enables users to share and access data from

anywhere and at any point of time. This means public

cloud promotes shared environment. Although, a bit risky

in terms of data security as business operations are done

through Internet, but offers highly scalable environment.

Private Cloud : A private cloud is beneficial for

those organizations that do not want to share their

confidential data with any third party. Data stored in a

private cloud is secured in the firewall settings, which

enable only the authorized parties to access data and do

not invite any third party. As a matter of fact this type of

cloud is secured than the public one because whatever

data is stored on cloud is stored in in-house IT premise of

an organization.

Hybrid Cloud : A hybrid cloud is a mix of both

and gives users or business entities the advantage of both

the cloud environments. Suppose, a business enterprise

wants to share its services and products with its clients

across the globe, but at the same time wants to hide the

confidential information from them, Hybrid cloud

architecture would suit best for such types of businesses.

9.SRC (Security, Risk Management and Compliance

Management)

Aforementioned factors are taken into consideration as the

utmost priority in cloud computing and it associated

managed cloud services. Even though, cloud security

concerns have raised many questions on its reliability, the

technology is functioning at its rapids pace. All such

factors give rise to a compliant business environment.

10.Downtime and Load Balancing Problems Diminish

to a Large Extent

With the help of cloud managed services downtime

problems can be transformed into approximately 99.99%

uptime. Moreover, load balancing is also taken care as the

servers are more capable of storing unlimited data from

the existing as well as establishing clients, while re-

balancing and scaling your servers in real time.

CONCLUSION

Multimedia data has increased tremendously in various

software applications. The applications include digital

libraries (text documents, images, sound, video),

manufacturing and retailing, art and entertainment,

journalism and so on.. Normal databases are incapable of

handling such wide range and huge amount of data. So we

need database to support storage, indexing, retrieval of

huge and wide variety of data. This paper presents

different ways of storing multimedia data in order to

facilitate easy indexing and retrieval includes advanced

data structures and use of metadata to store multimedia

data . The applications supported by mobile cloud

computing including mobile commerce, mobile learning,

and mobile healthcare have been discussed which clearly

show the applicability of the mobile cloud computing to a

wide range of mobile services. Then, the issues and

related approaches for mobile cloud computing (i.e., from

communication and computing sides) had discussed.

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International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No. 6, June 2013

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