impact of ppp on tourism industry in india

8/10/2019 Impact Of PPP on Tourism Industry In India

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Impact of PPP on Tourism Industry in India:

An Empirical Study

Guided By: Submitted By

Dr. Avantika Singh Shivanshu Trivedi,

2006_IPG_66

IPG (B.Tech + MBA)

AB!Indian Institute of Information Technology " #anagement$ %&alior

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'hecklist

# Items Declaration

1. Is the thesis/reprt !"$ as speci%ie$& 'es

2. Is the *er page i prper %rat as gi*e i Ae"re 1 % g"i$e-ies %r thesis preparati&

'es

. Is the Tit-e page (Ier c*er page) i prper %rat& 'es

I. Is the erti%icate %r the "per*isr i prper %rat&

II. as it !ee sige$ ! the "per*isr&

'es

. I. Is the A!stract ic-"$e$ i the thesis/reprt prper- 3ritte 3ithi 400 t 600

3r$s&

II. a*e the techica- 5e3r$s (t re tha si) speci%ie$ prper-&

'es

6. a*e " ic-"$e$ the ist % A!!re*iatis/Acrs i the thesis/reprt& 'es

7. 8es the thesis/reprt ctai a s"ar % the -iterat"re s"r*e& 'es

9. 8es the Ta!-e % tets ic-"$e page "!ers&I. Are the Pages "!ere$ prper-& (hapter 1 sh"-$ start page "!er 1)

II. Are the :ig"res "!ere$ prper-& (:ig"re "!ers a$ :ig"re Tit-es sh"-$

!e - at the !tt % the %ig"res)

III. Are the Ta!-es "!ere$ prper-& (Ta!-e "!ers a$ Ta!-e Tit-es sh"-$ !e

- at the tp % the ta!-es)

I;. Are the Tit-es %r the :ig"res a$ Ta!-es prper a$ s"rces ac53-e$ge$&

;. Are the Appe$ices "!ere$ prper-& Are their tit-es apprpriate&

'es

<. a*e " icrprate$ %ee$!ac5 recei*e$ $"rig *ari"s stages % e*a-"ati& 'es

10. Is the c-"si % the thesis/reprt !ase$ $isc"ssi % the 3r5& 'es

11. I. Are =e%ereces r Bi!-igraph gi*e at the e$ % the thesis/reprt&

II. a*e the =e%ereces !ee cite$ prper- isi$e the tet % the thesis/reprt&

III. Is the citati % =e%ereces i prper %rat&

'es

12. Is the thesis/reprt %rat a$ ctets are accr$ig t the g"i$e-ies& 'es

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'E)TI*I'ATE *)+# S,PE)IS+)

I here! certi% that the 3r5, 3hich is !eig presete$ i the thesis, etit-e$ Impact +f PPP on Tourism

Industry In India:An Empirical Study, i partia- %"-%i--et % the re@"ireet %r the a3ar$ % the8egree % #aster of Business Administration a$ s"!itte$ t the istit"ti is a a"thetic recr$ %

3 3r5 carrie$ "t $"rig the peri$ July-2010 t June-2011 "$er the s"per*isi % Dr. Avantika

Singh.

The atter presete$ i this thesis has t !ee s"!itte$ e-se3here %r the a3ar$ % a ther $egree r

$ip-a %r a Istit"tis.

8ate> igat"re % the a$i$ate

0<//2011

This is t certi% that the a!*e stateet a$e ! the ca$i$ate is crrect t the !est % 53-e$ge.

8ate> igat"re % the =esearch "per*isr

0<//2011 Dr. Avantika Singh

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Ackno&ledgments

I a high- i$e!te$ t AB!Indian Institute of Information Technology " #anagement and Dr.

Avantika Singh, a$ !-ige$ as the ha*e gi*e "s the a"t % %"ctiig a$ eperietig 3ith

i$eas. I 3"-$ -i5e t ta5e this pprt"it t epress pr%"$ gratit"$e t the t - %r their

aca$eic g"i$ace !"t a-s %r their persa- iterest i prect a$ cstat s"pprt c"p-e$ 3ith

c%i$ece !stig a$ ti*atig sessis 3hich pr*e$ *er %r"it%"- a$ 3ere istr"eta- i i%"sig

se-%Cass"race a$ tr"st 3ithi e. The "rt"rig a$ !-ssig % the preset 3r5 3as ai- $"e t

their *a-"a!-e g"i$ace, s"ggestis, ast"te "$get, cstr"cti*e criticis a$ a ee %r per%ecti. M

etr a-3as as3ere$ ria$ % $"!ts 3ith si-ig graci"sess a$ pr$igi"s patiece,

appreciatig 3r5 a$ ipr*ig it ! gi*ig "s a %ree ha$ i prect. ItDs - !eca"se % their

*er3he-ig iterest a$ he-p%"- attit"$e, the preset 3r5 has attaie$ the stage it has. At -ast, I a

grate%"- t a-- %rie$s a$ c--eag"es, 3hse cstat ec"rageet ser*e$ t ree3 spirit, re%c"s

atteti a$ eerg a$ he-pe$ "s i carrig "t this 3r5.

AB;CIIITM, G3a-ir (M.P.) Shivanshu Trivedi

-//0IP%!001

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A(stract

P"!-ic Pri*ate Partership EPPPF is t a e3 ccept i each a$ e*er ec the g*erets r the

state %te sha5es ha$ 3ith the i$"stria-ists t achie*e a c ga- % atia- $e*e-pet. I I$ia,

there are %"r ar sectrs i 3hich the g*eret sh5 ha$s 3ith pri*ate rgaiatis -aig the

%"$atis % e3 crpratis 3hich are the it *et"re % !th the P"!-ic a$ Pri*ate sectr.

These sectrs are

• I%rastr"ct"re

• T"ris

• Agric"-t"re

• ea-thcare

Ag these %"r sectrs % PPP i*-*eet, the st ipressi*e a$ "$ersta$a!-e is the i*-*eet

% PPP i T"ris I$"str. As t"ris acc"ts $irect- t "r G8P, the gr3th/%a--, a$ ther e%%ects %

*ari"s phee t"ris i$"str ca easi- !e itre$ ! the $ata !eig pr*i$e$ ! the

iistr. As this $ata is a part % "r G8P, it is "ch acc"rate tha the $ata c--ecte$ ! a s"r*e r a

ther eas.

I this prect the ai is t -5 %r prie chages !r"ght a!"t ! the itr$"cti % PPP i the T"ris

i$"str a$ its ipact.

He3r$s > T"ris, P"!-ic Pri*ate Partership(PPP).

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Ta(le of 'ontents

Ipact % PPP T"ris I$"str i I$ia>.....................................................................................................1

A pirica- t"$............................................................................................................................................1hec5-ist.............................................................................................................................................................2

8ec-arati ! the t"$et.................................................................................................................................

=TI:IAT :=JM KP=;IJ=.............................................................................................................4

Ac53-e$gets..............................................................................................................................................

A!stract..............................................................................................................................................................6

ist % Ta!-es......................................................................................................................................................<

ist % :ig"res....................................................................................................................................................<ist J: harts....................................................................................................................................................<

ist % A!!re*iatis Kse$...............................................................................................................................10

e3 Tir"p"r Area 8e*e-pet rprati iite$....................................................................10

J!ecti*e % the st"$......................................................................................................................................11

Mti*ati........................................................................................................................................................11

iterat"re =e*ie3.............................................................................................................................................12

Itr$"cti......................................................................................................................................................1PPP M$e-....................................................................................................................................................1

T"ris I$"str..........................................................................................................................................14

Meth$-g....................................................................................................................................................14

Meth$-g, tep 1> 8eterie e*a-"ati criteria...................................................................................1

Meth$-g, tep 2> hages Br"ght A!"t B PPP?s............................................................................19

Meth$-g, tep > 8eterie the . % t"rists a chr-gica- sca-e.............................................1<

Meth$-g, tep > 8esig a L"estiaire !ase$ the $eterie$ e*a-"ati criteri.....................20

Meth$-g, tep 6> =e-ia!i-it Test J% the @"estiaire........................................................................21

Meth$-g, tep 7> ap-ig 8esig.......................................................................................................21

Meth$-g, tep 9> 8ata Aa-sis,...........................................................................................................22

Meth$-g, tep <> =es"-ts..........................................................................................................................2

tep <.1> Arrage the $ata i MsC ce- 8atasheet......................................................................................2

tep <.2> =e-ia!i-it Test % the L"estiaire............................................................................................2

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tep <.> :actr Aa-sis % the "r*e.......................................................................................................24

tep <.4> I%er the st e%%ecti*e criteri % the s"r*e.................................................................................26

=es"-t tep <.4.1>.........................................................................................................................................26

Meth$-g, tep 10> c-"si,.................................................................................................................27

iitatis :"t"re cpe.............................................................................................................................27

=e%ereces Bi!-igraph..............................................................................................................................29

Appe$i>

A. "r*e :r 1

B. M ce- heet % the cp-ete$ s"r*e

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2ist of Ta(les

TAB2E 3+. TIT2E PA%E 3+.

TAB 1 The :reig T"rist

Arri*a-s

9

TAB 2 :actrs a%%ectig the

se-ecti prce$"re %

the prects

12

2ist of *igures

*I%,)E 3+. TIT2E PA%E 3+.

:IGK= 1 hages Br"ght A!"t

B PPP?s

14

2ist +* 'harts

'hart 3o. Title Page 3o.

hart 1 The :reig T"rist

Arri*a-s

hart 2 The =e*e"e Geerate$

! :reig T"rist

Arri*a-s.

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+(4ective of the study

T %i$ "t the *ari"s %actrs a%%ectig the t"ris i$"str a$ $eteriig the chages !r"ght a!"t !

the PPP $e- i these %actrs a$ the %i$ig the crre-ati !et3ee the t3 "sig a chr-gica- st"$.

Su( o(4ectives:

8eteriig the *ari"s chages !r"ght a!"t ! the *ari"s PPP? a chr-gica- sca-e.

8eteriig the . % t"rists a chr-gica- sca-e

8eterie the re-atiship !et3ee the p-ic ip-eetati a$ chage i the . % t"rists.

8eterie criteria that a%%ect the t"rists. 8eterie the %actrs 3hich attracte$ the at ce t chse I$ia as their h-i$a $estiati.

#otivation

There 3ere %"r areas % research a*ai-a!-e %r research PPP $e- ae- I%rastr"ct"re, T"ris,

Agric"-t"re, ea-thcare.

J"t % these sectrs it 3as *er eas t se-ect t"ris i$"str as the chr-gica- $ata a!"t the t"ris

i$"str is a*ai-a!-e 3hi-e %r the ther three it?s a c"!erse tas5 t c--ect the $ata a$ th"s the acc"rac

% the st"$ is $"!t%"-.

As the t"ris i$"str acc"ts %r the G8P the re@"ire$ $ata is acc"rate- a*ai-a!-e.

, I pre%erre$ t"ris i$"str i r$er t get a re acc"rate res"-t.

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2iterature )evie&

The PPP $e- is the st e%%ecti*e $e- i the $ecratic c"tr -i5e I$ia 3here the pri*ate sectr

ai- %c"ses pr%it a5ig a$ the @"a-it a$ e%%iciec % the 3r5 % the p"!-ic sectr is %te

@"estie$.

Mst % the p"!-ic sectr prects i I$ia are either icp-ete r the are cp-ete$ %ar %r the $ea$-ie

e.g. G-$e L"a$ri-atera- prect 3as s"ppse$ t !e cp-ete$ i 2007 a$ is sti-- r"ig i this ear

2010.

J the ther ha$ the pri*ate sectr charges a *er high price %r their ser*ices s the are iaccessi!-e t

the c a e.g. Air tra*e--ig is *er cst- as is $iate$ ! pri*ate sectr.

I r$er t achie*e a ga- i a e%%iciet e%%ecti*e 3a a-g 3ith i tie $e-i*er, the g*eret sha5es

ha$ 3ith the pri*ate rgaiatis -aig the c peratis that achie*e the ga-s i a 3a that has the

prperties % !th P"!-ic a$ Pri*ate sectr.

J Jct!er 0th 2002, prie iister % I$ia hri Ata- Bihari ;apaee i the hie% Miisters c%erece

state$

5Tourism is a ma4or engine of economic gro&th in the most parts of the &orld. Several countries have

transformed their economies using the tourism potential the fullest6 Tourism has a great capacity to

create large scale employment of diverse kind 7 from the most speciali8ed to the unskilled and all of us

kno& that our generation of massive productive employment opportunities is &hat India needs the

most9.

At that tie I$ia ha$ a static share % the 3r-$?s iteratia- t"ris i$"str % .9O 3hich 3as

epecte$ t %a-- i the ear 2001/2002 $"e t </11 ici$et a$ tesi i I$CPa5 Br$er.

T$a it is c"rret- 1. O i the ear 2010. This rise i the !"siess cae gra$"a-- ! the ip-eetati

% PPP $e-.

There 3ere se*e 5e aspects i$eti%ie$ ! the GJI i r$er t attract a$ %aci-itate %reig t"rists

3agatEe-ceF

chaaEI%ratiF

"*i$haE:aci-itatiF

"ra5shaEa%etF

ahgEperatiF arachaaEI%rastr"ct"re 8e*e-petF

a%aiE-ea-iessF

A-- these pits 3ere ta5e it csi$erati, *ari"s c peratis 3ere %re$ a$ *ari"s tas5s 3ere

s"!ctracte$ t *ari"s pri*ate sectr rgaiatis i r$er t %aci-itate the t"rists a$ preset a !etter

iage % the c"tr.

*e the ar5etig % the c"tr 3as s"!ctracte$ 3hich -ea$ t the %a"s QRcre$i!-e I$ia S Prect.

A-- these %actrs -ea$ I$ia t a !etter %"t"re i T"ris I$"str.

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Introduction

PPP #odel

PPP r the P"!-ic Pri*ate Partership is $e%ie$ as a cperati i 3hich the state r the g*eret isha$ i r$er t achie*e a c ga-. This $e- t - !rigs the g*eret i capacit t achie*e a

certai -e*e- % res"rces !"t i se cases the pri*ate rgaiatis e*e $ the %"$ig % the prect.

There are $i%%eret tpes % parterships I$ia there are a $i%%eret tpes % PPP?s. These ca !e

c-assi%ie$ as

• tate G*eret Pri*ate Istit"tis.

• etra- G*eret Pri*ate Istit"tis.

• Bth etra- a$ tate G*eret Pri*ate Istit"tis.

• T3 8i%%eret tate g*erets a$ pri*ate istit"tis

The PPP $e-s t - achie*e the ga-s % the rgaiati !"t the a-s acce-erate the ! a-g 3ith

icreasig its e%%ecti*eess a$ e%%iciec. I a PPP the g*eret ctracts r $es a agreeet 3ith a

pri*ate %ir -aig the %"$ati % a e3 cperati. This cperati eists ti-- the ga- is achie*e$ a$

is $iss-*e$ "p the cp-eti % the ctract.

I I$ia, there are %"r ar sectrs i 3hich the g*eret sh5 ha$s 3ith pri*ate rgaiatis -aig

the %"$atis % e3 crpratis 3hich are the it *et"re % !th the P"!-ic a$ Pri*ate sectr.

These sectrs are

• I%rastr"ct"re

• T"ris

• Agric"-t"re

• ea-thcare

Mst % the t-- ra$s a$ epress3as 3ere a$e pssi!-e ! the eistece % the PPP $e-. ith a ter

ctract %r the g*eret, a pri*ate sectr rgaiati !"i-$s the i%rastr"ct"re Ee.g. =a$, B"i-$igF

a$ geerates re*e"e %r it i %r % t-- (ra$) r ret (!"i-$ig) ti-- the e$ % the ctract a$ ha$s

the i%rastr"ct"re !ac5 t the g*eret at the e$ % the ctract.

The sii-ar 5i$ % $e- ip-eete$ i the ther sectrs a-s.

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Tourism Industry

T"ris i$"str is e % the ar sectrs 3hich $irect- ipact the G8P % the c"tr as it $irect-

!rigs %reig e t "r he-a$. T"ris has a-3as !ee a ar area % iterest % the g*eret.

As 3e a-- sa QAtithi 8e* Bha*aS, these 3r$s 3a$as ce t pr*e tr"e, as 3ith the gr3th i the

"!er % %reig t"rists the ati !eces re a$ re prsper"s.

The t"ris i$"str is e % the thse areas i 3hich the research ca !e a$e *er acc"rate- as the

"!er % t"rists, their epeses i I$ia etc. are a*ai-a!-e 3hi-e 3e cat $eterie the "!er % the

%arers rea-- gettig !ee%its % the PPP prgras i the agric"-t"re sectr.

#ethodology

Step 1. Determine evaluation criteria.

Step 2. Determine the various changes brought about by the various PPP’S on a

chronological scale.

Step 3. Determine the no. of tourists on a chronological scale.

Step 4. Aggregate expert opinions.

Step 5. Design a Questionnaire based on the determined evaluation criterion.

Step 6. Reliability Test f the !uestionnaire

Step 7 Sampling Design.

Step 8. Data Analysis.

Step 9. Results

Step 10. Dra" the conclusion

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#ethodology$ Step : Determine evaluation criteria

The ipact % the PPP $e- ip-eetati is $eterie$ i a-- aspects % t"ris $e*e-pet. ;ari"s

aspects % $e*e-pet i t"ris i$"str ! the $e % PPP $e- are>

1. =a$ $e*e-pet

2. A$*ertiseet. ca- trasprt ser*ices4. ea-thcare. s"a!-e g$s prices6. ec"rit7. ;isa a*ai-a!i-it9. itie s"pprt<. eather c$itis10. Iteratia- cecti*it11. te-s12. e-p s"pprt ser*ices

1. ca- c"rrec >8--ar price14. i*ic aeities1. -ea-iess16. G*eret p-icies17. The c"-t"ra- a$ at"ra- heritage.

. )oad Development: =a$s are the priar e$i" % trasprtati 3he " ha*e t *e isi$e

a c"tr. ice the !egiig % this $eca$e the atia- high3a gri$ is !eig "pgra$e$ t eet

iteratia- sta$ar$s a$ t cpe "p the "tig tra%%ic press"re.

The st rear5a!-e prects 3hich ip-eete$ the PPP $e- t pr*i$e state % art high3as a$

%ree3as are >

1. The g-$e @"a$ri-atera- prect ,946 52. rthC"th a$ astCest crri$rs 7,00 5#. ;ari"s tate high3a :ree3a Prects

$iti i 2000> atia- igh3as ;<$/// =m

$iti i 2010> press3as 200 H atia- igh3as >/$?;@ =m tate igh3as 1,1,9<<

H Mar 8istrict =a$s 4,67,76 H ="ra- a$ Jther =a$s 26,0,000 H.

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. Advertisement: A-g 3ith the i%rastr"ct"ra- $e*e-pet se $e*e-pet is a-s ee$e$ i

r$er t chage the percepti % the pep-e i r$er t attract re t"rists. The t"ris iistr

has a$e a rear5a!-e chage i the a$*ertiseet a$ prti strateg. I the ear 2000 it 3as

rare t see a a$*ertiseet % I$ia t"ris !"t i this $eca$e a h"ge state 3ise a$*ertiseet

capaig is !eig rgaie$. The state t"ris $epartets are a-s *er 5ee a$ i r$er t

preset the !etter tha the ther states the presetati @"a-it is cti""s- ipr*ig.

A$*ertiseet B"$get i 'ear 2000> at !e $eterie$ !"t 3as "ch -esser tha 04 crre as thetta- !"$get % t"ris iistr 3as =s. 14 rre

A$*ertiseet B"$get i 'ear 2010> =s. 04 rre.

. 2ocal transport services: ca- trasprt ser*ices a-s a%%ect the t"ris i$"str. The g*eret

a-s ta5es care % -ca- trasprt %aci-ities %r the %reig t"rists. The g*eret ta5es care %

trasprt %aci-ities ! %iacig a$ -easig *ehic-es %r the pri*ate sectr. I the ear 2000 the

t"rists "se$ t get -""r !"sses a$ cara*a *ehic-es i cities -i5e 8e-hi, Ga -. T$a the

sit"ati is @"iet ipr*e$ a$ these %aci-ities are e*e a*ai-a!-e i the BCGra$e cities -i5e Agra,

Naip"r. The cit p"!-ic trasprt %aci-ities ha*e a-s ipr*e$ 3ith the NK=M a$ 3 %-r !"sses

i a-- the ar cities.;. Cealth'are: I$ia has rear5a!- chage$ i it?s hea-thcare %aci-ities. I$ia is 3a$as see as a

threat i the %ie-$ % e$ica- sciece. The s"rger i i$ia csts -ess tha a teth % Kite$ tates.

This sit"ati attracte$ a -arge "!er % Aericas t I$ia i r$er t get their s"rgeries $e. The

ar ipact % these s"rgeries 3as that I$ia psitie$ itse-% %r re-ia!-e hea-thcare ser*ices.?. 'onsuma(le goods prices: *e a%ter %acig a h"ge $eca$e % i%-ati the c$it prices i

I$ia are sti-- cheaper tha the 3est. This acts as a ar %actr csi$ere$ 3hi-e chsig a t"rist

$estiati. Pep-e %te tr t a*i$ "ecessar !"r$e $"e t high prices % "a*i$a!-e

cs"a!-es -i5e 3ater, !e*erages etc.

0. Security: ec"rit is a ar iss"e 3hi-e chsig a t"rist $estiati. ith the recet$e*e-pets i the 3est -i5e $ B!ig a$ </11 sec"rit is e % the ar ccers t the

t"rists. I$ia is e % thse c"tries 3here there is a *er -itt-e racia- $iscriiati. I case %

the%t a$ ther sa--er cries the state pas re atteti t a %reig *icti. These %actrs p"sh a

%ee-ig % sec"rit i the t"rists.>. isa Availa(ility: K-i5e the 3ester c"tries I$ia has a *er $est p-ic % gratig t"rist

*isa. *e *isa "p -a$ig schee is a*ai-a!-e t the cities % a %e3 atis.@. 'iti8en support: I$ia is 53 %r it?s hspita-it. The cities are %rie$-ier as cpare$ t the

cities % ther atis. There are a %e3 cases r is!eha*ir a$ citie isc$"ct. The

g*eret is a-s trig t c*ice the cities t !e %rie$-ier a$ he-p%"- t3ar$s the %reigers.

The g*eret is "sig ics t c*ice the cities. ;ari"s ciea stars are $ig capaigsas5ig cities t !e %rie$-ier t the %reigers.

<. eather conditions: eather c$itis i I$ia are *er %a*ra!-e %r the t"rists acrss the g-!e.

I$ia has a *ast $i*ersit i the c-iate as it has *ari"s c-iatic es the rther !eig c-er a$

the s"th !eig cparati*e- htter. The 3eather c$itis i the c"tr a$$s t it?s at"ra-

!ea"t./. International connectivity: Je % the ar areas % ipr*eet i the past $eca$e. Ti-- the ear

2000 there 3ere a %e3 iteratia- %-ight pti a*ai-a!-e. B"t a%ter the ear 2000 3ith the a$*et %

pri*ate passeger carriers, the t"rists get a re a-terate t p-a their trip accr$ig t their

!"$get a$ sche$"-e.

. Cotels: te-s are e % the ar ccers i the i$s % the t"rists 3he the reach the

$estiati. Je % the ar para$ig shi%t i the hte- i$"str is 3ith the $e*e-pet % eC

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cerce a$ IT t-s i the hte- i$"str. The pep-e get their acc$atis !5e$ -g

!e%re their arri*a- i r$er t a5e s"re the get the acc$ati. The -ie sste a-s gi*es

the a %aci-it t chse 3here t sta accr$ig t their !"$get.. Celp " support services: e-p a$ s"pprt ser*ices a-s attract ar atteti a$ ha*e a *er

psiti*e ipact the t"rists. The he-p a$ s"pprt %aci-ities ha*e re*-"tiie$ i the past $eca$e

3ith the a$*et % pri*ate sectr i te-e a$ -ie c"icati ser*ices. 3 the pep-e get

istat s"pprt a 247 he-p-ie "!er.

. 2ocal currency: Dollar price: ca- c"rrec(I=)t U price a-s p-as a ar r-e i attractigt"rists. The strger the $--ar gets the cheaper the $estiati !eces. I the past $eca$e the

r"pee ha$ a har$ tie a$ 3et as -3 as V=s 47 t a U. This peri$ 3as a peri$ 3he I$ia 3as a

pre%erre$ t"rist $estiati $"e t it?s -3 !"$get t"r pac5ages.;. 'ivic amenities: i*ic aeities -i5e ti-ets a$ ther saitati %aci-ities ha*e $e*e-pe$ rapi$-

*er the $eca$e.?. 'leanliness: -ea-iess i the c"tr is e % the %actrs 3hich ai- e%%ects the %ee$!ac5 ta5e

! a pre*i"s *isitr. A $irt c"tr iage %te *erp3ers the !ea"ti%"- at"re?s iage. Th"s the

c-ea-iess % a c"tr is ecessar %r psiti*e peer t peer ar5etig % the c"tr.0. %overnment policies: G*eret p-icies ha*e chage$ a -t I the past $eca$e. The $eca$e sa3

a g-ri"s peri$ % $e*e-pig i%rastr"ct"re, -i!era- p-icies t attract pri*ate sectr t3ar$s the>. The cultural and natural heritage: 8"e t it?s rich c"-t"ra- a$ at"ra- $i*ersit I$ia is e % the

st pre%erre$ t"rist $estiati. This heritage has !ee p"!-icie$ a$ "se$ as the 5e aspect %

I$ia t"ris. The *ari"s spirit"a- a$ re-igi"s !$ies ha*e cae "p i the past $eca$e 3hich

attract a -t % re-igi"s t"rists.

Page | 17



#ethodology$ Step : 'hanges Brought A(out By PPPs

:IG 1.C These are the tie % ccept"a-iati, the act"a- ip-eetati rages 2 t 10 ears a%ter their

ccept"a-iati.

Page | 19



#ethodology$ Step : Determine the no. of tourists on a chronological scale.

Ta!-e 1>The :reig T"rist Arri*a-s

Graph 1> The :reig T"rist Arri*a-s

Page | 1<



Graph 2> The =e*e"e Geerate$ ! :reig T"rist Arri*a-s.

#ethodology$ Step ?: Design a Fuestionnaire (ased on the determined evaluation

criterion.

J the !asis % the -iterat"re re*ie3 the %irst stage r "r research priari- %c"sse$ @"estiaire preparati. A L"estiaire 3as circ"-ate$ t !tai a !asic r"gh i$ea a!"t 3hat %actrs are csi$ere$the st 3hi-e se-ectig a t"rist $estiati. 8i%%eret tpes % @"estis 3ere set i r$er t !e a!-e tc--ect the i%rati that 3as ee$e$ ccerig the $i%%eret tpics. The eaie$ *aria!-es3ere % $i%%eret tpes. The 3ere piis, !eha*ir, a$ attri!"tes. Jpiis are "se$ t"$ersta$ h3 a resp$et %ee-s a!"t sethig, !eha*ir attri!"tes are "se$ t recr$ 3hat the

resp$et $es, a$ attri!"tes sh3s 3hat the resp$et pssesses. I r$er t c--ect the crrect$ata, 3e ee$e$ t as5 @"estis 3ith s"ite$ a-terati*es that 3ere a$"ste$ t the tpe % the *aria!-ethat ee$e$ t !e eaie$. I "r @"estiaire 3e 3ere - "sig c-se$ @"estis that 3ere % the -ist,categr, ra5ig, @"atit, a$ ratig tpe. The :ish!ei M$e-, 3hich 3e "se$ t %i$ the *era-- attit"$es% the resp$et, a-s re@"ire$ @"estis t !e set i a certai 3a i r$er t cpare the res"-ts a$c--ect the right 5i$ % $ata.

The resp$ets i the Phase I 3ere as5e$ t assig 3eights t these %actrs a sca-e % accr$ig ttheir iprtace 3hi-e chsig a t"rist $estiati. This 3as $e i r$er t test the @"estiaire !e%rethe act"a- s"r*e. As the resp$ats % the %ia- s"r*e 3ere t"rists, it 3as $i%%ic"-t t c--ect the $ataagai i% there 3as a errr i the @"estiaire $esig. A tta- % 1 respses 3ere !taie$. Thse %actrs

3ith $a- 3eights greater tha 3ere shrt-iste$. These 3ere a tta- % 9 %actrs.

8i%%eret tpes % @"estis 3ere set i r$er t !e a!-e t c--ect the i%rati that 3as ee$e$ccerig the $i%%eret tpics. The eaie$ *aria!-es 3ere % $i%%eret tpes. The 3erepiis, !eha*i"r, a$ attri!"tes.

Page | 20



#ethodology$ Step 0: )elia(ility Test +f the Guestionnaire

Reliability test was carried out using SPSS software 16.0 and the reliability test measures are

given below. To calculate the reliability of all the data of the variable Trust (Alha! Slit "alf!

#uttman! Parallel! Strict Parallel was alied.

$t is being considered that reliability value more than 0.% is good so we have to test whether the&uestions in the &uestionnaire are reliable or not.

#ethodology$ Step >: Sampling Design

Sample Population> C Pp"-ati csists % $egraphic (age, se, ge$er, ice...) $i*ersit

Sampling frame> C The sap-ig %raes are c"ster 3ith *arig pre%ereces. Sampling elements> C I$i*i$"a- resp$ets 3ere the sap-ig e-eets.

Sampling TechniGue> C P"rpsi*e ap-ig Techi@"e 3as "se$ tcarr "t the research st"$.

Sampling Si8e> C 3e! !ase$ c"sters.

Tools used for data collection

e-% $esige$ @"estiaires 3ere a$iistere$ %r e*a-"atig the iprtace that a i$i*i$"a- gi*es t a%actr 3hi-e chsig a t"rist $estiati. 8ata 3ere c--ecte$ the i5ert sca-e % 1 t , 3here 1 3ere%r ii" agreeet a$ %r ai" agreeet.

I this phase a sec$ L"estiaire 3as circ"-ate$ t !tai re-ati*e 3eights % the criteria 3ith the he-p %

a i5ert sca-e (:ig"re I). I r$er t e%%iciet- c$"ct a st"$ 3e ee$ t %c"s the st e%%ecti*e r

$iat %actrs a$ %c"s "r st"$ thse. The %actrs 3hich ctr- st % the $ecisis are t !e

se-ecte$ %r a ie$ p- r high- re-e*at a$ a -itt-e re-e*at %actrs.

The s"r*e is $esige$ i a %ashi i 3hich the resp$et assigs 3eights t each % the %actr, a$ the%actrs carrig the ai" 3eight are the st critica- %actrs.

The s"r*e "ses a i5ert ca-e i r$er t $eterie the -e*e- % iprtace % each % the %actrs.

The s"r*e %r ctais %"r itr$"ctr @"estis a$ se*etee @"estis each %c"se$ e %actr.

The Appe$i ctais the "r*e :r.

Page | 21



The resp$ets 3ere as5e$ t resp$ t the @"estis as $escri!e$ !e-3>L. 3 iprtat is %actr D:? 3hi-e chsig a h-i$a $estiati&

• =ate each %actr a sca-e % 1C

• I% " %i$ %actr :1 re iprtat tha :2 the rate it higher.

• :actr ha*ig the st 3eightage are t !e assige$ a 3eight %

• :actrs ha*ig -east iprtace are t !e assige$ a 3eight 1.

#ethodology$ Step @: Data Analysis$

The c--ecte$ $ata 3as preCprcesse$ t re*e issig *a-"es %r the $ata!ase.

The $ata set 3as %"rther a"a-- c*erte$ %r the categrica- $ata it ite sets i r$er t a5e itcpati!-e t the t- "se$ i #AT2AB 3hich "se$ - "erica- $istict *a-"es t prcess.

Tools ,sed *or Data Analysis

:--3ig eth$s 3ere "se$>C

1. #S! EHcel t arrage $ata it a $atasheet.2. =e-ia!i-it test t chec5 the re-ia!i-it % the @"estiaire "sig SPSS 0./.. :actr aa-sis t 53 the $iat %actrs that eerges $"rig the st"$ "sig SPSS 0./.4. MC ce- t %i$ "t $e *a-"e % the respses i r$er t c-ear- %i$ "t the st $iat

%actrs.

Page | 22



#ethodology$ Step <: )esults

Step <.: Arrange the data in #s! EHcel Datasheet.

The $ata c--ecte$ i step 7 is the arrage$ i the MsCce- $atasheet i er$er t gi*e it a ssteatic

-a"t. The $atasheet a5es it easier t iprt the $ata i the P $ata sheet.

The $ata sheet is -ater "se$ i er$er t $eterie the $e *a-"e i er$er t $eterie the st e%%ecti*e

%acts ag the gi*e se*etee %actrs.

The arrage$ $atasheets are attache$ as appe$ices.

Step <.: )elia(ility Test of the Fuestionnaire.

Reliability test was carried out using SPSS software 16.0 and the reliability test measures are

given below. To calculate the reliability of all the data of the variable Trust (Alha! Slit "alf!

#uttman! Parallel! Strict Parallel was alied.

Case Processing Summary

'

)ases *alid 1+, -,.,

/cludeda .6

Total 1,2 100.0

a. 3istwise deletion based on all variables in the

rocedure.

Scale: ALL VARIABLES

Reliability Statistics

)ronbach4s Alha

)ronbach4s Alha

5ased on

Standardied $tems ' of $tems

.-1- .-1- 1%

Page | 2



$t is being considered that reliability value more than 0.% is good and can be seen that in almost all

the reliability methods alied here! reliability value is &uite higher! so all the items in the

&uestionnaire are highly reliable.

Step <.: *actor Analysis of the Survey.

:actr aa-sis "sig pricipa- cpet ;aria rtati Hiser ra-iati 3as app-ie$ the scres

% ites t %i$ "t the %actrs that ctri!"te t3ar$s Tr"st. A%ter %actr aa-sis %actrs 3ere i$eti%ie$ as

%--3s.

Factor Analysis

Communalities

$nitial /traction

=a$ $e*e-pet1.000 .-

A$*ertiseet1.000 .-

ca- trasprt ser*ices 1.000 .+1

ea-thcare 1.000 .%66

s"a!-e g$s prices 1.000 .,6

ec"rit1.000 .66

;isa a*ai-a!i-it1.000 .0

itie s"pprt

1.000 .%16eather c$itis

1.000 .21

Iteratia- cecti*it1.000 .601

te-s1.000 .6%0

e-p s"pprt ser*ices1.000 .61

ca- c"rrec >8--ar price1.000 .6-0

i*ic aeities1.000 .66

-ea-iess1.000 .+,%

G*eret p-icies1.000 .622

The c"-t"ra- a$ at"ra- heritage 1.000 .66%

/traction 7ethod8 Princial )omonent Analysis.

Page | 24



Component Matria

)omonent

)onvinience Safety conomy

=a$ $e*e-pet.%+- 9.111 .02

A$*ertiseet.+- .2, .-0

ca- trasprt ser*ices .%21 9.0,, .0--

ea-thcare .60 .66 9.0

s"a!-e g$s prices .60 .16, .0%

ec"rit.6-1 .2, .1%2

;isa a*ai-a!i-it.606 .0,1 .+6

itie s"pprt

.%,2 9.,06 .01%eather c$itis

.%0- 9.0%2 .11+

Iteratia- cecti*it.%6 9.1,, .0-%

te-s.%02 9.+-, .1,

e-p s"pprt ser*ices.6, .26+ 9.,0%

ca- c"rrec >8--ar price9.1+0 .1 .60

i*ic aeities.66+ 9.02% 9.,%

-ea-iess.% 9.0, .000

G*eret p-icies.%1 9.1++ 9.20+

The c"-t"ra- a$ at"ra- heritage .62 9.,0- 9.1,

/traction 7ethod8 Princial )omonent Analysis.

a. + comonents e/tracted.

Page | 2



Step <.;: Infer the most effective criterion of the survey.

The s"r*e 3as circ"-ate$ -ie a$ 3as %i--e$ ! 1 resp$ets. The eth$-g pte$ t i$eti% the

st critica- %actrs is $escri!e$ as %--3ig steps

tep 1> prt the c--ecte$ $ata i the M ce- heet.

tep 2> Ta5e the e-ecti a$ Pr"ig steps the c--ecte$ $ata.

tep > A%ter step 12, the $ata gets arrage$ i s"ch a 3a that each a$ e*er respse % a partic"-ar

@"esti is arrage$ i a c-".

tep 4> 8 the $e perati a*ai-a!-e i the s ce- %"ctis each a$ e*er c-".

tep > J!ser*e the res"-tat *a-"es a$ se-ect the %actrs 3ith *a-"e .

tep 6> -ist the =es"-t.

)esult Step <.;.:

The %actrs %"$ "t %r the gi*e $ata i$icates that the resp$ets %e-t %actrs 1,2,,9,10,11,16,17 are

the st critica- %actrs 3hi-e $eci$ig a h-i$a $estiati.

The crresp$ig %actrs are

1. , =a$ 8e*e-pet

2. $ A$*ertiseet

. ?$ s"a!-e G$s Prices

4. @$ itie "pprt

. /$ Iteratia- ecti*it

6. $te- :aci-ities

7. 0$G*eret P-icies

9. >$"-t"ra- at"ra- eritage

Page | 26



)eferences " Bi(liography

• A8=IAA G. (2009), e3 tre$s i T"ris a$ spita-it MaageetS, *-"e prite$ ! :itra$e

T"rs $... =ie5a, raWia, IB <79C<C61<9C6C4, 2009, pg. 47 497C4<7.

•

Arsee, Jcta*ia (2009), QJ-teia PrectS, ase st"$ s"!itte$ t the J8 etre %rtrepree"rship, Ms a$ ca- 8e*e-pet ! the Miistr %r Ms, Tra$e, T"ris a$ i!era-

Pr%essis, B"charest, =aia.

• Bea"regar$, =!ert A. (1<<9)S T"ris a$ cic 8e*e-pet P-ic i K Kr!a AreasS i

Iai$es 8. a$ 8e!!age H.G. (e$s) The cic Gegraph % T"rist I$"str> A s"pp-C si$e

aa-sis> 220X24.$> ="t-e$ge.

• 8e ac, T., Battig, B., Mre, ., a5es, . (2002) P"!-ic/pri*ate parterships %r s"staia!-e t"ris>

8e-i*erig a s"staia!i-it strateg %r t"ris $estiatis. = "staia!-e T"ris, A"stra-ia.

• a--, .M.(1<<9) QThe Istit"tia- ettigC T"ris a$ the tateS i Iai$es 8. A$ 8e!!age H.G.

(e$s) The cic Gegraph % T"rist I$"str> A s"pp-C si$e aa-sis ,$> ="t-e$ge. 1<<X

21<.

• a--, .M. A$ Ne5is, . (1<<) T"ris a$ P"!-ic p-ic, $> ="t-e$ge

• Mari*, ., 2006, Mar5etig aageet % the cpetiti*eess % a t"rist $estiati. ;ara>

-a*ea

• Jtai!i a- . (2004), P"!-icCPri*ate Parterships i T"ris 8e*e-pet> A aa-sis % the H"3ait

eperiece, H"3ait :"$ati %r A$*aceet cieces (# H:A <9X11X10).

• P"!-icCPri*ate ectr perati> hacig T"ris petiti*eess. r-$ T"ris Jrgaiati

B"siess "ci-. 2000.

• atia- T"ris P-ic, 2002, Miistr % T"ris, G*eret % I$ia

• =eprt % QIteratia- %erece J Meetig I$ia?s I%rastr"ct"re ee$s 3ith PPPS he-$

:e! C6 2007, i e3 8e-hi.

• QM$eriati % =ai-3a tati i I$ia> A ase %r P"!-icCPri*ate Partership 3ith pecia-

=e%erece t e3 8e-hi =ai-3a tatiS, Aa$ H hara.

• http>//e.3i5ipe$ia.rg/3i5i/ist_%_c"tries_!_G8P_O29PPPO2<,

• http>//333.t%ci-t$.c/

• http>//t"ris.g*.i/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)

http://www.tfciltd.com/

http://tourism.gov.in/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)

http://www.tfciltd.com/

http://tourism.gov.in/

impact of ppp on tourism industry in india

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