IMPACT OF TORNADO ON AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD

IN THE SOUTHWESTERN COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH

www.ePowerPoint.com

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

www.ePowerPoint.com

The impacts of natural calamities on food production and food security are global concerns, but they represent a particular threat for Bangladesh.

Agriculture is already under pressure mainly due to an increasing demand of food for the vast and fast growing population.

The Aila caused devastating damages in the southwestern costal region of Bangladesh. Specially, three upazilla of Satkhira district and three upazilla of Khulna district.

Agricultural crops/biodiversity loss and means of livelihoods before and after Aila.

Among the affected areas some unions in Shyamnagar upazilla of Satkhira district has been affected seriously.

www.ePowerPoint.com

Aims and objectives of the studyAims and objectives of the study

The present study have been undertaken to investigate the damaged caused by the Aila and southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh specially in Shymnagor upazilla and the livelihood pattern change due to Aila in the study area with the following objectives-

To assess the impact of aila on agriculture and livelihood.

To identify the problems confronted by the aila affected respondents during and after aila.

www.ePowerPoint.com

MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

www.ePowerPoint.com

Study areaStudy area

The study area is situated at 22010’- 22016’ N and 89003’- 89012’ E, in a brackish water area of southwestern Bangladesh, which is administratively located in Burigoaline Union under Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District.

River Kholpatua and Gabura Union on the east, Iwsaripur Union on the west, Autolia Union on the north and Sundarban on the south and small part of Munsigonj union.

River Chunar divide the union into two parts. The area is close to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

www.ePowerPoint.com

Figure 1: Map of the study areawww.ePowerPoint.com

Questionnaire Preparation:

Draft questionnaire preparation A draft questionnaire was prepared for survey of related issue. The

questionnaire contains some basic information like waste generation, economic condition, health impact, social status, ecological impact etc.

Questionnaire testing Sample questionnaire is tested among the people of study area before final

questionnaire preparation to find out the problems, lacking, missing of information that need to collect.

Questionnaire finalization

www.ePowerPoint.com

Sample Size DeterminationSample Size Determination Sample size for the study was determined by the following equation:

…………….(Berensen and Levine, 1992).

Where,

n0 = Sample size without considering the finite population correction factor

z = 95% confidence level = 1.96

p = proportion of the population with attribute to be determined

= where, households deprived from basic services = f & total household, t.

d= sampling error = 10 % = 0.1

Applying the correction factor to these results in the following equation,

…………….. (Berensen and Levine, 1992).

Where, N = total population of the study area. So, sample size of this study was 100.

2

2

0 d

pqzn

10

0

Nn

Nnn

www.ePowerPoint.com

Data Collection MethodData Collection Method

Primary data collection : Data were collected by using questionnaire interviews to the Aila affected

people.

Aila affected farmers for questionnaire interviews were selected through random sampling method and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools like Focus Group Discussion (FGD).

Secondary data collection:

For conducting the study, secondary data were collected from different sources, which are as follows:

Relevant books and journals Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) Department of Fisheries (DoF) Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh (2001) Relevant thesis, reports, official records and newspapers Unpublished data of the NGO Susilon.www.ePowerPoint.com

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSION

www.ePowerPoint.com

Distribution of the respondents according to their age

Educational qualification of the respondents

Figure 2: Distribution of the respondents according to their age

Figure 3: Educational qualification of the respondentswww.ePowerPoint.com

Profession of the respondents

Fig 4: Profession of the respondents

Family size of the respondents

Fig 5: Family size of the respondents

www.ePowerPoint.com

Table 1 : Extent of damage of rice caused by aila

Name of the crops

Area under cultivation

(ha)

Probable production

(ton)

Gain production(ton)

Price(taka/ton)

Extent of damage(taka)

range total average

range total average

range total average

range total average

rice 0.14 -

2.86

107.146 1.07 0.25 -

7.25

277.04 2.77 0-0.45 12.3 0.123 21000 4620 -

142800

5538520 55385.2

Table 2: Extent of damage of vegetables caused by aila

Name of the

crops

Area under cultivation

(ha)

Probable production

(ton)

Gain production(ton)

Price(taka/ton)

Extent of damage(taka)

range total average

range total average

range total

average

range total average

Potato 0-0.145

5.794 0.058 0- 0.4 7.95 0.0795 0-0.12 1.76 0.018 22500 0-6300 139362 1393.62

Brinjal 0-0.4 0.247 0.00247 0-0.8 0.445 0.00445 0 0 0 20000 0-1600 8900 89Cole crops

0-0.28 8.195 0.08195 0-0.18 5.754 0.05754 0-0.06 0.85 0.0085 15000 0-2250 73560 735.60

Lal sak 0-0.25 0.125 0.0013 0-0.16 0.254 0.0026 0 0 0 12000 0-632 3048 30.48www.ePowerPoint.com

Extent of damage of fruit trees caused by aila

Fig 6: Extent of damage of fruit trees caused by aila

Extent of damage of wood trees caused by aila

Fig 7: Extent of damage of wood trees caused by ailawww.ePowerPoint.com

Table 3: Extent of damage of trees/plants caused by aila

Types of tree

Before aila After aila Affected plants either died and

injured

Price of dead and injured trees (taka)

Percentage (%)Total

numberAverage Total

numberAverage

Fruit 2973 29.73 1265 12.65 17.08 1101730 91.81Woody 611 6.11 169 1.69 4.42 98300 8.19Total 3584 35.84 1434 14.34 21.50 1200030 100

Table 4: Extent of damage of shrimp and fin fishes caused by aila

Name of the source

No. of family

Cost of cultivation(taka)

Probable income(taka)

Obtained income (taka)

Extent of damage

Total average Total average total average Taka Percentage(%)

Gher 27 5365000 198703.7 9642000 357111.11 2900000 107407.41 6742000 97.51

Pond 62 106764 1722 193502 3121 21403 345.21 172099 2.49

Total 89 5471764 200425.7 9835502 360232.11 2921403 107752.62 6914099 100

www.ePowerPoint.com

Extent of damage of live stocks and poultry (duck and hen) caused by aila

Fig 8: Extent of damage of live stocks and poultry

Extent of damage of household assets caused by aila

Fig 9: Extent of damage of household assets www.ePowerPoint.com

Table 5: Status of sanitation before and after aila

Sanitation Before aila After ailaSanitary latrine 4 4Pakka latrine 7 7Ring + slab 76 64Kacha latrine 13 25Open space 0 0Bushy place 0 0Others 0 0

Table 6: Expose to recreational media before and after aila by the affected people

Types of recreation Number of participants before aila

Number of participants after aila

Radio 68 77Television 37 11Musical entertainment

33 7

Puppet show 4 0Religious summit 52 23Playing game 15 4social entertainment 92 54others 15 7www.ePowerPoint.com

Annual income of the respondents

Fig 10: Annual income of the respondents

Extent problem confrontation of aila

Fig 11: problem confrontation of ailawww.ePowerPoint.com

Table 7: Impact of Aila on food habit

Food menu

Before aila After aila ChangeAmountkg/day

TotalCost(taka)

Average

Amountkg/day

TotalCost(taka)

Average

Amount (kg/day)

Cost

Total Average

Total Average

Total Average

Percent (%)

Total Average

Percent (%)

Rice 374 3.74 9350 93.50 325 3.25 8775 87.75 - 49 0.49 13.1 575 5.75 6.15

Bread 46 0.46 1012 10.12 36 0.36 900 9.00 - 10 0.10 21.74 112 1.12 11.07Meat 14 0.14 3080 30.80 8 0.08 1760 17.60 - 6 0.06 42.86 1320 13.2

042.86

Fish 77 0.77 5005 50.05 52 0.52 3900 39.00 - 25 0.25 32.47 1105 11.05

22.08

Egg 32 0.32 160 1.60 23 0.23 115 1.15 - 9 0.09 28.13 45 0.45 28.13Vegetables

145 1.45 2320 23.20 112 1.12 2016 20.16 - 33 0.33 22.76 304 3.04 13.10

Fruits 13 0.13 585 5.85 8 0.08 360 3.60 - 5 0.05 38.46 225 2.25 38.46

www.ePowerPoint.com

Table 8: Livelihood means of the respondents and their family members related to Sundarban

Name of the Profession Citation numberBefore Aila After Aila

Woodman (Bawali) 18 7Honey collector (Mawali) 7 9Fisherman 15 8Goalpata collector 11 2Honey collector +Woodman 4 2Honey collector +fisherman 6 1Woodman+Goalpata collector 14 5Woodman+Fisherman 2 1Goalpata collector + Fisherman 7 3Honey collector +Goalpata collector +Woodman

3 2

Woodman+Goalpata collector +fisherman 2 1Honey collector +Fishman+Woodman 4 1Honey collector +Goalpata collector +Woodman+Fisherman

5 3

www.ePowerPoint.com

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

www.ePowerPoint.com

The agriculture of this area has faced a devastating loss by cyclone aila. Almost all the crops are damaged and splashed away. The highest damaged by aila was observed in case of rice while the least damaged was lal sak .

The highest damaged by aila was observed in case of fruit trees (91.81%) while it was least in case of wood trees (8.19%).

The highest extent of damage was observed in case of shrimp gher (6742000 taka i.e. 97.51%) while it was least in case of fish pond (172099 taka i.e.2.49%).

Majority of the respondents (53%) fall in medium income group. After Aila it was observed that the majority (65%) of the respondents belonged to low income group.

The farmers are in need of high yield crop varieties, more technical support and scientific applications in the agricultural sectors.

www.ePowerPoint.com

THANKS TO ALLTHANKS TO ALL

www.ePowerPoint.com