Chapter 7Oil spill clean up operations

(Boom & Skimmers Method)

Prepared by:Mohd Kamarul Azri Bin Mohd Khairi (56280113735)Wan Mohd Khusairi Bin Wan Mohd (56280113712)Mohd Nazrin Ridhwandy Bin Rahip (56280113658)

Muhamad Asyraf Bin Mustaffa (56280113681)Mohd Alham Bin Hamdan (56280113684)

Introduction Boom Method Skimmers Method Conclusion References

Table of content

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum

hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land

Introduction

Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers,

offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil.

Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society; economically, environmentally, and socially. As a result, oil spill accidents have initiated intense media attention and political uproar, bringing many together in a political struggle concerning government response to oil spills and what actions can best prevent them from happening.

Cont’d…

Gulf War oil spill The worst oil spill in history, the Gulf War oil spill

spewed an estimated 8 million barrels of oil into the Persian Gulf after Iraqi forces opened valves of oil wells and pipelines as they retreated from Kuwait in 1991. The oil slick reached a maximum size of 101 miles by 42 miles and was five inches thick.

The capacity of spill is about 1,360,000 -1,500,000 tons of crude oil.

The most worst oil spill case

Gulf War oil spill 1991

Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult

and depends upon many factors, including the type of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved.

Here are some examples of clean up method that commonly use for oil spill recovery:

i. Boomii. Skimmers

Oil spill clean up operations

Containment booms are used to control the

spread of oil to reduce the possibility of polluting shorelines and other resources, as well as to concentrate oil in thicker surface layers, making recovery easier.

In addition, booms may be used to divert and channel oil slicks along desired paths, making them easier to remove from the surface of the water.

Boom method

Booms can be divided into several basic types.

I. Fence booms have a high freeboard and a flat flotation device, making them least effective in rough water, where wave and wind action can cause the boom to twist.

II. Round or curtain booms have a more circular flotation device and a continuous skirt. They perform well in rough water, but are more difficult to clean and store than fence booms.

III. Non-rigid or inflatable booms come in many shapes. They are easy to clean and store, and they perform well in rough seas. However, they tend to be expensive, more complicated to use, and puncture and deflate easily.

All boom types are greatly affected by the conditions on the water; the higher the waves swell, the less effective booms become.

Fence boom

• An external floatation fence boom with external floatation and ballast.

• Mooring point are located at intervals along its lower length.

Round or curtain

booms• A solid

floatation curtain boom with external ballast.

Non-rigid or inflatable

booms• An inflatable

curtain boom with a combine ballast and tension chain fitted in an integral pocket attached to the bottom skirt.

In additionalShore sealing boom

• Intertidal shore sealing boom

• Upper air inflation pocket to allow floatation.

• Lower water filled pockets is to provide ballast when floating to ensure a good seal with the substrate at low tide.

Comparison

Skimmers are boats and other devices that can

remove oil from the sea surface before it reaches sensitive areas along a coastline.

A common application is removing oil floating on water.

Requires calm waters at all times during the process.

Some of skimmers are done by two boats that will tow a collection boom, allowing oil to concentrate within the boom, where it is then picked up by a skimmer.

Skimmers method

Oil skimmers are commonly found in three

types: I. WeirII. Oleophilic III. Non-oleophilic

Types of skimmer

Weir skimmers function by allowing the oil

floating on the surface of the water to flow over a weir.

The height of the weir may be adjustable. These devices will collect water when oil is no longer present.

Weir skimmers are also available in floating, self-adjusting variations. These models allow them to be effectively used even in changing water levels.

Weir skimmer

• Oiled water is drawn over a weir, or small dam, that holds the water (below the oil) back and skims the oil.

• Floating weir skimmers require a certain depth of oil on the water to be effective.

Oleophilic skimmers function by using a rotating

element such as a drum, to which the oil adheres. The oil is wiped from the surface of the drum and

collected. They are very efficient and do not pick up any

appreciable amounts of water even when oil is not present.

Oleophilic skimmers are distinguished not by their operation but by the component used to collect the oil. Ropes, discs, or drums are treated with a substance or otherwise manufactured to adhere to oil.

Oleophilic skimmer

Non-oleophilic skimmers are distinguished by

the component used to collect the oil. A metal disc, belt or drum is used in applications where an oleophilic material is inappropriate, such as in a hot alkaline aqueous parts washer.

The skimmer is generally turned off whenever there is no oil to skim thus minimizing the amount of water collected.

Metal skimming elements are nearly as efficient as oleophilic skimmers when oil is present.

Non-oleophilic

Animation b-roll about Oil spill prevention amd

responce plan (OSR)

Full Scale Oil Skimmer Demonstration

Video

Oil spill contribute the worst destruction to marine

ecosystem, which is give an impact to the living things.

But every accident oil spill at sea are caused by human beings themselves. therefore, the efficiency in dealing with such problems is very important to protect the environment for future.

Each method that has been designed for the cleaning process to oil spills at sea is dependent on the suitability and situation in the disaster area.

Conclusion

ITOPF (2012), use of skimmers in oil pollution response,

http://www.ukpandi.com/fileadmin/uploads/uk-pi/Knowledge_Base_-_International_Conventions/TIP%205%20Use%20of%20Skimmers%20in%20Oil%20Pollution%20Response.pdf

http://thebigspill.providence.wikispaces.net/file/view/Skimmer_Workings.jpg/185285929/520x305/Skimmer_Workings.jpg

http://www.envisionschools.org/portfolios/attachments/Davina_Hunt@es-cat.org/W_Hunt_OilSpillLabB_CERTIFIED.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=animated+oil+spill+response+plan&page=2

Referance

Thank You