imperial china: qin to ming dynasties

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Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties. AP World History. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E. Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion Book burnings  targeted Confucianists - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 2: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 3: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E.

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E.

Established China’s first empire Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) Legalist rule

Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion Book burnings targeted

Confucianists Buried protestors alive!

Built large section of the Great Wall

Page 4: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Page 5: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Page 6: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers

& Cavalrymen

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers

& Cavalrymen

Page 7: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

CavalryCavalry

Page 8: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Individual SoldiersIndividual Soldiers

Page 9: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Details of an Individual SoldierThe Details of an Individual Soldier

Page 10: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Individual “Tombs”Individual “Tombs”

Page 11: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Great Wall with Towers

The Great Wall with Towers

Page 12: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

Page 13: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 14: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

“People of the Han” original Chinese Paper invented [105 B.C.E.]

Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many

Buddhism introduced into China Expanded into Central Asia

Page 15: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Han – Roman Empire ConnectionHan – Roman Empire Connection

Page 16: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Page 17: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE)Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE)

His jade suit has 2498 pieces!

Page 18: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E.

Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E.

Started public schools.

Colonized Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam.

Civil service system bureaucrats Confucian scholar-gentry

Revival of Chinese landscape painting.

Page 19: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Han ArtifactsHan Artifacts

Imperial Imperial SealSeal

Han Ceramic Han Ceramic HouseHouse

Page 20: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Page 21: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Page 22: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk

Road

Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk

Road

Page 23: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ruins of Jiaohe, Turphan depression.

Han dynasty outpost in Central Asia

Ruins of Jiaohe, Turphan depression.

Han dynasty outpost in Central Asia

Page 24: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 25: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.

“Land Equalization” System land redistribution.

Unified coinage. Grand Canal constructed. Established an army of professional

soldiers. People were overworked and overtaxed!

Page 26: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

Page 27: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Grand Canal TodayThe Grand Canal Today

Page 28: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 29: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Imperial examination system perfected.

Liberal attitude towards all religions. Spread of Buddhism in China

Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries.

Japan, Korea, Persia

Page 30: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Tang Government Organization

Tang Government Organization

Page 31: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

New technologies: Printing moveable print Porcelain Gunpowder Mechanical clocks

More cosmopolitan culture.

Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road.

Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia.

Page 32: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705

Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705

The only female Empress in China’s history who ruled alone.

Searched for outstanding individuals to attract to her court.

Construction of new irrigation systems.

Buddhism was the favored statereligion.

Financed the building of many Buddhist temples.

BUT… She appointed cruel and sadistic ministers to seek out her enemies.

Page 33: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Broken toes by 3 years of age.

Size 5 ½ shoe on the right

Page 34: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.

Page 35: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.

Page 36: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Results of Foot-Binding

The Results of Foot-Binding

Page 37: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties
Page 38: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279

C.E.

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279

C.E. Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.

Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.

Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!

Page 39: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Song Peasant FamilySong Peasant Family

Page 40: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Page 41: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Song Rice CultivationSong Rice Cultivation

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Page 43: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Mongolian SteppesMongolian Steppes

Page 44: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”

Page 45: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions

Page 46: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Mongol WarriorsMongol Warriors

Page 47: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Mongol ArcherMongol Archer

Page 48: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Gold Saddle Arch – Mongols, 13c

Gold Saddle Arch – Mongols, 13c

Page 49: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Gold Saddle, Front View – Mongols, 13cGold Saddle, Front

View – Mongols, 13c

Page 50: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

Temujin --> Genghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] 1162 - 1227 from the steppe [dry, grass-covered

plains of Central Asia]

Page 51: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage,

we will take your prosperity. If you do not have prosperity,

we will take your children. If you do not have children,

we will take your wife. If you do not have a wife,

we will take your head. Used cruelty as a weapon some areas

never recovered from Mongol destruction!

Page 52: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Mongol Nobleman, late 13c

Mongol Nobleman, late 13c

Page 53: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early

14c

Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early

14c

Page 54: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c

Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c

Page 55: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Extent of the Mongol EmpireThe Extent of the Mongol Empire

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Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368

C.E.

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368

C.E. Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]

Pax Mongolica [“Mongol Peace”] Tolerated Chinese culture

but lived apart from them. No Chinese in top govt. posts. Believed foreigner were more

trustworthy. Encouraged foreign trade &

foreign merchants to live and work in China. Marco Polo

Page 57: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Marco Polo (1254-1324)

Marco Polo (1254-1324)

A Venetian merchant.

Traveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295 “Black Stones” [coal]

Gunpowder.

Noodles.

Page 58: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Marco Polo’s Travels

Marco Polo’s Travels

Page 59: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Yuan Porcelains & Ceramics

Yuan Porcelains & Ceramics

Page 60: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.

The Black Plague was spread by the Mongols in the mid-14c.

Sent fleets against Japan. 1281 150,000 warriors Defeated by kamikazi [“winds of the

gods”]

Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.

Page 61: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

China’s last native imperial dynasty!

Page 62: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Forbidden City: China’s New CapitalThe Forbidden City: China’s New Capital

Page 63: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Revived the Civil Service ExamRevived the Civil Service Exam

Page 64: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Cultural RevolutionMing Cultural Revolution

Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular

books: woodblock printing. cheap paper.

Examination system. Leads to explosion in

literacy. Leads to further

popularization of the commercial market.

Culture & Art Increased literacy

leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:

Literature. Painting. Ceramics. Opera.

Page 65: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Silver MarketMing Silver Market

Spanish Silver Convoys Triangle route:

Philippines to China to Japan. Silver floods Chinese Market:

Causes devaluation of currency & recession Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration

overseas. Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe Increases interest in Chinese culture &

ideas in Europe.

Helps fund conquest of New World Encourages Europeans in conquest & trade.

Page 66: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.

Golden Age of Chinese ArtModerationSoftnessGracefulness

Three different schools ofpainting developed.

Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.

Page 67: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)

Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)

Page 68: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

The Tribute SystemThe Tribute System

Page 69: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Ming “Treasure Fleet” Each ship 400’ long & 160’

wide

1371-1435

Page 70: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

China’s “Columbus?”

Page 71: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Admiral Zheng He’s VoyagesAdmiral Zheng He’s Voyages

First Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men]. Second Voyage: 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this

trip]. Third Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. Fourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men]. Fifth Voyage: 1417-1419 Sixth Voyage: 1421-1422

Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work.

Seventh Voyage: 1431-1433 Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to

restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return

trip.

Page 72: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.

Page 73: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18cMing Porcelain /

Ceramics, 17c–18c

Page 74: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Vases, 18cMing Vases, 18c

Page 75: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Carved Lacquer Dish 15c

Ming Carved Lacquer Dish 15c

Page 76: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Scroll Painting“Travellers in Autumn

Mountains”

Ming Scroll Painting“Travellers in Autumn

Mountains”

Page 77: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Painting – “Taoist Scholar”Ming Painting – “Taoist Scholar”

Page 78: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Painting – “Birds and

Flowers”, 16c

Ming Painting – “Birds and

Flowers”, 16c

Page 79: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early

16c

Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early

16c

Page 80: Imperial China: Qin to Ming Dynasties

Imperial China’s Impact on HistoryImperial China’s

Impact on History Removed religion from morality.

Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.

Mandate of Heaven

Secular law.

Valued history The Dynastic Cycle