ImperialismImperialism

Focus: What are some reasons why Focus: What are some reasons why countries go to war?countries go to war?

Imperialism and AmericaImperialism and America

Imperialism - the policy in which Imperialism - the policy in which stronger nations extend their stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.control over weaker territories.

Reasons for American ImperialismReasons for American Imperialism

1. Thirst for new markets1. Thirst for new marketsAmericans are producing surplusAmericans are producing surplusNeed somewhere else to sell and Need somewhere else to sell and tradetrade

2. Desire for military strength2. Desire for military strengthStay competitive with other Stay competitive with other nationsnations

Set up strategic locations for Set up strategic locations for refueling and protectionrefueling and protection

3. Belief in Anglo-Saxon Superiority3. Belief in Anglo-Saxon SuperiorityU.S. has a responsibility to U.S. has a responsibility to spread Christianity to “inferior” spread Christianity to “inferior” peoplepeople

Anti-ImperialismAnti-Imperialism

1.1. U.S. should not dominate other U.S. should not dominate other countriescountries

2.2. Large CostLarge Cost

Factors of ImperialismFactors of Imperialism

Monroe Doctrine – In 1823 President Monroe Doctrine – In 1823 President James Monroe declared that James Monroe declared that European powers were to no longer European powers were to no longer colonize in the Western Hemispherecolonize in the Western Hemisphere

Roosevelt Corollary – Allowed the Roosevelt Corollary – Allowed the United States to get involved with United States to get involved with countries in the Western Hemisphere countries in the Western Hemisphere that could not pay their debts.that could not pay their debts. The alternative would have allowed The alternative would have allowed

European powers to get involved.European powers to get involved.

Roosevelt’s PolicyRoosevelt’s Policy

““Speak softly and carry a big stick Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far”and you will go far”

Wanted U.S. to dominate Central Wanted U.S. to dominate Central America (not Europe)America (not Europe)

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1. What governments acts helped to protect 1. What governments acts helped to protect countries of the Western Hemisphere countries of the Western Hemisphere from European conquest?from European conquest?

2. How did American businesses promote 2. How did American businesses promote Imperialism?Imperialism?

Focus: What was Manifest Destiny? Focus: What was Manifest Destiny?

White Man’s Burden – The justification White Man’s Burden – The justification of imperialism as a noble solution to the of imperialism as a noble solution to the problems of the worldproblems of the world Known as the “white man’s” burden Known as the “white man’s” burden

because European and American because European and American governments were getting involved in governments were getting involved in countries in Latin America and Africa.countries in Latin America and Africa.

Frontier Thesis – The idea that the Frontier Thesis – The idea that the American frontier was gone and that American frontier was gone and that the United States should expand the United States should expand overseasoverseas

Multi-National Corporations – A Multi-National Corporations – A company that manages production and company that manages production and delivers services to more than one delivers services to more than one country.country. With the American government With the American government

expanding its role overseas, many expanding its role overseas, many American companies expanded their American companies expanded their workforce into foreign countries workforce into foreign countries

Global Markets – When companies Global Markets – When companies are able to sell their goods to markets are able to sell their goods to markets around the world, instead of just the around the world, instead of just the country where they are based.country where they are based.

Spread of Christianity – Use of Spread of Christianity – Use of religion to justify involvement in religion to justify involvement in foreign countries.foreign countries.

Types of ImperialismTypes of Imperialism

Protectorate – A free country that is Protectorate – A free country that is protected by a stronger nation and protected by a stronger nation and gives benefits to that nationgives benefits to that nation

Colony – A territory under the Colony – A territory under the immediate control of a stronger immediate control of a stronger nation.nation.

Sphere of Influence – When multiple Sphere of Influence – When multiple countries have an influence over the countries have an influence over the government or economic decisions of government or economic decisions of a weaker country.a weaker country. The area that they control is their The area that they control is their

“sphere.”“sphere.”

Open Door Policy – The United Open Door Policy – The United States asked that other European States asked that other European countries not interfere with the countries not interfere with the business of fellow imperializing business of fellow imperializing nations.nations. It was a failure It was a failure

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. What is the difference between a What is the difference between a colony and a protectorate?colony and a protectorate?

2.2. What are some examples of multi-What are some examples of multi-national companies today?national companies today?

Focus: What parts of the world does Focus: What parts of the world does the United States control outside of the United States control outside of the continental United States?the continental United States?

Key EventsKey Events

Seward’s Folly – In 1867 the US Seward’s Folly – In 1867 the US gov’t purchased land from Russia for gov’t purchased land from Russia for $7.2 million. A newspaper writer $7.2 million. A newspaper writer thought this a bad decision, thus the thought this a bad decision, thus the name Seward’s Follyname Seward’s Folly Seward was Sec. of StateSeward was Sec. of State The land was Alaska The land was Alaska

HawaiiHawaii

In 1800’s American companies own In 1800’s American companies own sugar plantations in Hawaiisugar plantations in Hawaii

1887 – The US Gov’t builds an 1887 – The US Gov’t builds an American Navel Base (Pearl Harbor)American Navel Base (Pearl Harbor)

1887- Voting rights in Hawaii go 1887- Voting rights in Hawaii go only to wealthy bus. Owners only to wealthy bus. Owners (Americans)(Americans)

1893- Revolution against Hawaiian 1893- Revolution against Hawaiian QueenQueen

1898- Hawaii is annexed by U.S.1898- Hawaii is annexed by U.S.

Boxer Rebellion:Boxer Rebellion: An uprising of Chinese against An uprising of Chinese against

American and European involvement American and European involvement in China.in China.

American newspapers referred to the American newspapers referred to the rebels as boxers because of their use rebels as boxers because of their use of martial arts.of martial arts.

Over 20,000 were murdered and Over 20,000 were murdered and foreign influence in China was foreign influence in China was limited. limited.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt wants a shortcut between Roosevelt wants a shortcut between Atlantic and Pacific OceanAtlantic and Pacific Ocean

The best route through was found The best route through was found in Panamain Panama

Panama was controlled by Panama was controlled by Colombia Colombia

Panama, with help from U.S., gain Panama, with help from U.S., gain independence from Colombiaindependence from Colombia

Building Panama Canal was difficult Building Panama Canal was difficult because of diseasebecause of disease

Yellow Fever, bubonic plagueYellow Fever, bubonic plagueOf the 43,500 workers who Of the 43,500 workers who helped build the canal, 5,600 died helped build the canal, 5,600 died of disease or from accidents.of disease or from accidents.

August 15, 1914August 15, 1914 Canal Opens for businessCanal Opens for business 1,000 ships travel through in first 1,000 ships travel through in first

year.year.

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Addition to Monroe Doctrine Addition to Monroe Doctrine (Europeans can not intervene in (Europeans can not intervene in the Western Hemisphere)the Western Hemisphere)

Disorder in Latin America by Disorder in Latin America by Europeans may “Force U.S. to Europeans may “Force U.S. to exercise international police exercise international police power”power”

Taft’s PolicyTaft’s Policy

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacyguarantee loans to foreign guarantee loans to foreign countries by American business countries by American business people.people.

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. How were the Hawaiian people How were the Hawaiian people treated different than US citizens?treated different than US citizens?

2.2. What troubles did the US run into What troubles did the US run into before and during the building of before and during the building of the Panama Canal?the Panama Canal?

Focus: What are tabloids? How are Focus: What are tabloids? How are tabloids different from other tabloids different from other magazines?magazines?

Spanish-American-Cuban WarSpanish-American-Cuban War

CubaCuba Colony of Spain, fighting for Colony of Spain, fighting for

independenceindependence Americans interested in sugar caneAmericans interested in sugar cane

Revolution of 1895Revolution of 1895 Some Americans SupportSome Americans Support Spain put Cubans in concentration Spain put Cubans in concentration

campscamps

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism reporting that exaggerates the news reporting that exaggerates the news

to lure the reader.to lure the reader.TabloidsTabloids

Newspapers competed for readersNewspapers competed for readers

De Lome LetterDe Lome Letter Private letter from Spanish minister Private letter from Spanish minister

to the U.S. calling Pres. McKinley to the U.S. calling Pres. McKinley “weak” because he would not get “weak” because he would not get involved in the Revolutioninvolved in the Revolution

Roosevelt (Assistant Secretary of Roosevelt (Assistant Secretary of Navy) said McKinley had “no more Navy) said McKinley had “no more backbone than a chocolate eclaire”.backbone than a chocolate eclaire”.

U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine Ship ordered to Cuba for protectionShip ordered to Cuba for protection Under mysterious circumstances Under mysterious circumstances

the ship explodedthe ship exploded

260+ Americans die260+ Americans die Many believed Spain was Many believed Spain was

responsibleresponsible ““Remember the Maine” - rally cryRemember the Maine” - rally cry April 20, 1898, U.S. goes to war April 20, 1898, U.S. goes to war

with Spainwith Spain

War with SpainWar with Spain

First Battle is in the PhilippinesFirst Battle is in the Philippines a colony of Spaina colony of Spain fleet sent there to protectfleet sent there to protect

George Dewey leadsGeorge Dewey leads destroyed Spain’s fleetdestroyed Spain’s fleet took control of the Philippinestook control of the Philippines

CubaCuba

Volunteer Americans to fightVolunteer Americans to fight many Civil War veteransmany Civil War veterans

Rough RidersRough Riders Volunteer cavalry led by T. Volunteer cavalry led by T.

RooseveltRoosevelt actually fought on footactually fought on foot

African-American Regiments as wellAfrican-American Regiments as well Known as Buffalo SoldiersKnown as Buffalo Soldiers

Spain surrenders Cuba to AmericansSpain surrenders Cuba to Americans

Treaty of Paris 1898Treaty of Paris 1898

After 16 weeks of fightingAfter 16 weeks of fighting Cuba becomes independentCuba becomes independent Spain give Puerto Rico, and Guam to Spain give Puerto Rico, and Guam to

U.S.U.S. U.S. pays $20 million for U.S. pays $20 million for

Philippines: To “Christianize”Philippines: To “Christianize”

Aquiring New LandsAquiring New Lands

Puerto RicoPuerto RicoBecomes a CommonwealthBecomes a Commonwealth

The US governs but citizens The US governs but citizens are granted nearly the same are granted nearly the same rights as US citizensrights as US citizens

CubaCubaBecomes a ProtectorateBecomes a Protectorate

Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War

1899 Philippine rebels revolt for 1899 Philippine rebels revolt for independenceindependence

Americans suppress, similar to Americans suppress, similar to SpainSpain20,000 Filipinos die20,000 Filipinos dieAmericans maintain ruleAmericans maintain rule

America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War McKinley is assassinated in 1901McKinley is assassinated in 1901

Roosevelt takes overRoosevelt takes overHe is a peacemaker for the warHe is a peacemaker for the war

Great White FleetGreat White Fleet Roosevelt builds up NavyRoosevelt builds up Navy Sends gleaming white battleships Sends gleaming white battleships

on tour to impress the worldon tour to impress the world

Mexican Revolution (1911)Mexican Revolution (1911) Government was overthrown by Government was overthrown by

rebelsrebels Wilson watchesWilson watches U.S and Mexico get close to war.U.S and Mexico get close to war.

Pancho Villa revolts in MexicoPancho Villa revolts in Mexico John J. Pershing and troops are sent John J. Pershing and troops are sent

to search for himto search for him Anti-American sentiments in MexicoAnti-American sentiments in Mexico

1917 Wilson withdraws troops1917 Wilson withdraws troops

Results of ImperialismResults of Imperialism

1. Expanded access to foreign markets1. Expanded access to foreign markets

2. Built modern Navy2. Built modern Navy

3. Dominance of Latin Am.3. Dominance of Latin Am.

4. Drawn deeper into world affairs.4. Drawn deeper into world affairs.

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1.1. What were some of Roosevelt’s What were some of Roosevelt’s accomplishments?accomplishments?

2.2. In what ways was the United States In what ways was the United States different after the Spanish different after the Spanish American War than before?American War than before?