Imperialism The U.S. and the World at the turn of the 20 th Century. Motives :. Economic Strategic Colonizing Aggressive Missionary Leadership. The U.S. purchases Alaska from Russia in 1867. Alaska becomes the 49 th U.S. state in 1959. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ImperialismThe U.S. and the Worldat the turn of the 20th
U.S. Sec. of State William Seward was widely criticized for the purchase of Alaska
The 1896 election of William McKinley
Rep. President William McKinley
Spanish-American War 1898“A Splendid Little War”
Causes of the Spanish American War
• Jingoism• Economic concerns in Cuba• Yellow Journalism• The DeLome Letter• The Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine• The “White man’s
burden”/Humanitarian concerns for the Cubans
The Teller Amendment 1898proposed by Colorado Sen. Henry
Teller promises that the U.S. has no designs on annexing Cuba
General Valeriano “butcher” Weyler’s “reconcentration” policyexcited many Americans against
Spain
U.S.S. Maine
The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba
Feb. 15th, 1898
“Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain””
“Yellow Journalism”Publishers William Randolph Hearst
and Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst-The New York Journal
Joseph Pulitzer-The New York World
Hearst Castle San Simeon
Spanish Foreign Minister Enrique DeLome
TR the Rough Rider
Heroics at San Juan Hill?
U. S. Admiral George Dewey
U.S.S. OlympiaFlagship of Commodore Dewey
Commodore Dewey promoted to Admiral
U.S. defeat of the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay, the Philippines
The Platt Amendment 1903Connecticut Rep. Sen. Orville Platt
• Cuba was an independent nation• The U.S. reserved the right to
intervene in Cuban affairs if deemed necessary
• Cuba had limited rights to conduct foreign and debt policies, subject to U.S. approval
• The U.S. would maintain a military base on Cuba at Guantanamo Bay
The U.S. acquires Puerto Rico and Guam via the Treaty of Paris 1898
• The Foraker Act (1900) establishes civil government in Puerto Rico
• Organizes the island as a U.S. Territory• Makes its residents citizens of Puerto
Rico• U.S. citizenship comes in 1917 (“does
the Constitution follow the flag?” Insular Cases as decided by the Supreme Court said not automatically
The dilemma of the Philippine Islands
U.S. President William McKinley and Filipino Nationalist Emilio Aguinaldo
The U.S. –Filipino War
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Queen “Lil” overthrown by U.S. planters in 1893
Hawaii made a U.S. Territory in 1898 and becomes the 50th state in 1959
U.S. Sec. of State John Hay and his “Open Door Policy” in China
The Boxer Rebellion
The Assassination of President William McKinley
Presidential assassin Leon Czolgosz
President Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The “Big Stick” Policy
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The Great White Fleet
Alfred Thayer Mahan“The Influence of Sea Power
Upon History”
• Hay-Buanau-Varilla Treaty 1903 w/ Panama The U.S. Under T.R. would recognize Panama as an independent country from Columbia in exchange the right to build a canal.
The Panama Canal construction 1904-1914
“I took the Canal Zone, and let Congress debate”
Reelection of TR in 1904
TR as Nobel Peace Prize recipient for mediation of the Russo-Japanese
War
Portsmouth Treaty
1908 Election of William Howard Taft
“Dollar Diplomacy” of William Howard Taft
Promotion of American financial and business interests abroad.
The policy had profit seeking motives, but it also aimed to substitute economic ties for military alliances with the idea of increasing American influence and bringing lasting peace.
TR runs as a “third party” candidate from the Progressive or “Bull Moose” party in
1912The result is a split within the Republican party partially allowing for the Democrat
Woodrow Wilson to win
Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”• “The force of America is the force of moral
principle.” Designed to bring right to the world , preserve peace and extend to other peoples the blessings of democracy.
U.S. concerns in Mexico
Imperialism sets the stage for the background events of