imperialism - wpmu dev...• a policy of extending a country's power and influence through...
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Imperialism
• Element: Describe imperialism in Africa and Asia by comparing British policies in Africa, French policies in Indochina, and Japanese policies in Asia; include the influence of geography and natural resources.
• Vocabulary: imperialism
ImperialismDescription:
• A stronger nation controls a weaker one
• a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Early Imperialism
• seventeenth century
• Americas
• have trading posts and agreements
New Imperialism• nineteenth century
• Africa and Asia
• wanted direct control over territories
Location
Great Britain:
• West Africa
– Gold Coast
– Nigeria
• North Africa
– Egypt
– Sudan
• South Africa
Location
France:
• Indochina(Indonesia)
– Cambodia
– Laos
– Annam
– Tonkin
– Mekong Delta (Cochinchina)
LocationJapan:
• Korea
• Port Arthur
• Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa)
• Taiwan
Colonial Policies
• ruled either
– Indirectly = allowed local rulers and political elites to rule, made ruling easier and less costly
– Directly = new officials from the mother country were put in charge of taxes, law and order, and other governmental matters
• a response from the Early Imperialism that resulted in the American, Haitian and Latin American Revolutions
Colonial PoliciesGreat Britain:
• protectorate over Gold Coast, Nigeria, Egypt and Sudan
• created the independent Union of South Africa a self-governing nation within the British Empire to appease the Boers(Dutch), the policy was that only whites could vote
• most decisions came from Great Britain, and local rulers rubber-stamped and enforced these decisions, maintaining their power (indirect rule)
Colonial Policies
France:
• France extended protection over neighboring Cambodia, Laos, Annam, and Tonkin
• Protectorate = indirect rule just like with Great Britain in Africa
• imposed direct rule in the southern provinces in the Mekong delta(Cochinchina)
Colonial Policies
Japan:
• the Japanese claimed direct control of the Ryukyu Islands
• annexing Korea in 1910 as a protectorate using indirect control, and pushing assimilation onto the Koreans
Influence of GeographyGreat Britain:
• Berlin Conference – European Powers meet in Berlin to split Africa up to prevent a war in Europe over territory
• controlled the parts of Africa that had an abundance of Natural Resources
• controlled Egypt for the Suez Canal– control trade between the Mediterranean and Red
Sea
– “lifeline to India”
Influence of Geography
France:
• the dense jungles of Indochina were an ideal location for plantations
• wanted to stop British expansion into all of Southeast Asia and to compete with the British colony in India
Influence of Geography
Japan:
• began to obtain control of the trade in the Pacific Ocean especially North Eastern Asia
Natural Resources
• exploit the natural resources and open up markets for Western manufactured goods
• parent countries stressed exporting raw material
• discouraged the development of manufacturing in all colonies, wanted colonies to depend on the mother country for goods
Natural ResourcesGreat Britain:
• Gold, Salt, Diamonds
France:
• teak wood, rubber, tin, spices, tea, coffee, sugar
Japan:
• coal, iron, tea, silk
Reaction to Imperialism
• Element: Describe the reaction to foreign domination; include the Russo-Japanese War and Young Turks, and the Boxer Rebellion.
• Vocabulary: Russo-Japanese War, Young Turks, Boxer Rebellion
Sepoy Mutiny, 1857
Description:
• Mughal rulers declined
• the British East India Company
• hired Indian soldiers, called sepoys, to protect the company’s interests
• in 1857 some Sepoy’s revolted against the British
Sepoy Mutiny, 1857
Reaction to Foreign Dominance:
• revolt of colonized people against mother country
• spread quickly
• British Parliament transferred power of the British East India Company to the British government
• in 1876 Queen Victoria became Empress of India
Boxer Rebellion, 1900
Description:
• Boxer = the Society of Harmonious Fists
• practiced a system of exercise they thought would protect them from bullets (The Matrix)
• upset over foreign influence in China
• killed Christians and foreigners
Boxer Rebellion, 1900
Reaction to Foreign Dominance:
• Western powers and Japan attacked Beijing in 1900
• restored order and demanded more concessions from the Chinese government
• China had to pay for damages
• Chinese imperial government weakend
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5
Description:
• Russia v. Japan
• over Korea
• Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, Manchuria
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5
Reaction to Foreign Dominance:
• Japan wins and is established as a world power
• Russia agreed to a humiliating peace in 1905
• first time an Asian country defeated a European country
• Received Liaodong Peninsula, part of an island north of Japan
Young Turks, 1908-9
Description:
• the Ottoman Empire on the decline
• over extended its control of foreign territories
• Ottoman rule ended in North Africa and Greece, and lost much of its territory in Europe
Young Turks, 1908-9Reaction to Foreign Dominance:
• reformers seized the government and adopted a constitution that would form a legislature
• Sultan Abdulhamid II suspended the constitution and ruled by himself
• Young Turks = a group of reformers
• forced the restoration of the constitution in 1908
• deposed the sultan in 1909