implementing national policies at the local level

Ing. Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos

Informality and precariousness in

the selection and recovery of

solid waste in Brazil

National Policy on Solid Waste

(Law 12.305/2010)

Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil

After 2014 the municipalities will be forbidden to

land solid waste in landfills. They will only be

allowed to land rejects of wastes.

All waste must be treated and the priority to

processing should be done by waste pickers

associations or cooperatives.

Composition of urban solid waste

Source: MMA/2012

Composition of urban solid waste in

Brazil

Source: MMA/2012


Source: National Solid Waste Plan - Brazil 2012

National Plan on Solid Waste

2012

The problems to implement

these goals Dimension of the country 8,5 mi km2

The problems to implement

these goals

Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)

Municipalities: 5,565

Metropolitan Region (inhabitants)

São Paulo: 20 million

Rio de Janeiro: 12 million

Belo Horizonte: 5.5 million

70% have fewer than

20,000 inhabitants

Regional, economic, cultural, and living standard differences impact the management of municipal solid waste.



Municipal solid waste by types of disposal



1540 municipalities landfill


Apparent consumption of packaging

Source: MMA/2012

Aluminum Steel Paper/cardboard Plastic Glass

Apparent recycling rate of different

materials (%)

Source: MMA/2012

Aluminum Steel Paper/cardboard Plastic Glass

Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007

Estimate rate of formal selective

collection programs in the amount of

waste recovered – 2008


Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)

Selective collection programs by municipalities in Brazil



Selective collection programs by Brazilian regions


Selective collection programs: who does it?

Waste pickers by manual traction


Selective collection programs: who does it? Employed by mechanical traction

Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil



Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities in Brazil


Hand sorting on the floor

Hand sorting on static table

Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt

MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt,

trommel screens, magnets, with continuous flow

MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor

belt, trommel screens, magnets, return flow

MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with return flow

and optical separator

Clean materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil

Hand sorting on the floor

Brasília


Hand sorting on static table

(very small capacity)

Porto Alegre (16), Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and in most cities.


Hand and mechanical sorting on conveyor belt

(very small capacity)

Guarulhos, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, end in most cities.

Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities


MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt,

trommel screens, magnets, with continuous flow

Brasília (1962) Capacity – 600 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 2 ton/d , 55 ton/d composting

Rio de Janeiro (1977) Capacity – 150 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 6 ton/d

Closed: Santo André, Vila Leopoldina, São Mateus, São José dos Campos, Rio de Janeiro.

Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil

MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor

belt, trommel screens, magnets, with return flow

Brasília (1985) Capacity – 600 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 14 ton/d, 56 ton/d composting

Rio de Janeiro (1992) Capacity – 1.200 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 6 ton/d, 3 ton/d composting

Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities in Brazil


MBT Hand and mechanical sorting with

conveyor belt, trommel screens, magnets,

with return flow and optical separator…….

Who does the recuperation of dry

solid waste?

The waste pickers

London – century XVI

The waste pickers

EUA – century XVII/XVIII

The waste pickers

EUA – century XIX

The waste pickers

França – century XIX

The waste pickers

Brazil – century XXI

The waste pickers

Working in a very precarious

condition

The waste pickers

Working in a very precarious condition

The waste pickers

Working in a very precarious

Condition, even in MRFs

The waste pickers

Working in a very precariousness

Condition, even in MRFs

The waste pickers

Some toilets in MRFs when they exist

The waste pickers: who are them?

MNCR in World Social Forum

MNCR in SP – agaisnt incineration

MNCR against incineration

MNCR in National Meeting

MNCR in France

– Danielle Miterrand

MNCR in Peru – borderless

MNCR in MG for recognition

of work

MNCR's leaders are

influential and creative


Expo

catadores

MNCR's leaders are they

are influential in politics

President Ministries in

Chistmans day

Expo catadores SP


Movie from Vick Muniz in

Dump Jardim Gramacho - RJ

Movie from Marcos

Prado Estamira in

Waste Dump RJ

Movie from Paulo

Futado. Waste pickers

and pigs POA

Evaldo Mocarzel

Movie from Evaldo

Mocarzel – Waste

Pickers life - SP

Movie Waste Land

Indication for OSCAR

Commercial

Movies

http://filmow.com/poster/8255/


Soap opera: Avenida Brasil

Their lives and work on brasilian TV

Soap opera, National programs on TV, books....


“Death of Marat death“- 1793 -

Jacques-Louis David - Tião –

Vick Muniz – 28 mil pounds GB

Paintings, advertisements..

If one considers for dry solid waste

recovery……. 1 - the present waste pickers productivity: 50 kg/d;

2 - the small capacity of the average of the

material recovery facilities: 5 ton/d;

3 – the need of processing: 60.000 ton/d;

4 – the precarious conditions of work the selective

collection and recovery occurs;

To achieve the goal of the national plan on solid

waste, we need to study the model that is being

implemented and evaluate the needs to change it.

I’ll present some clues


- Mobilization of and articulation with society to

encourage the reduction of the generation and

selection of waste at the source (home, workplace);

- Planning of a rational system that is effective,

efficient, with a logistics that respects all

conditions of public health (eliminate the

precariousness);

- Use of adequate techniques and technologies

with costs suitable for the payment made for the

services by the population;


- Design, location and capacity of viable MRFs

able of fulfilling local and national goals;

- Training technical and operational personnel for

the proper provision of services;

- Compliance of all legal duties, contractual and

institutional requirements;

- Prioritizing the hiring of associations and

cooperatives that comply with all legal

provisions and that have technical,

administrative, and financial support;


- Merging the recruitment systems of waste

pickers’ cooperatives and associations with

qualified firms that hire waste pickers according

to law;

- Entering the recycling targets and type of

recycled material for each municipality into the

National Information System on Waste as

permanent control;

- Establishing reverse logistics and shared

responsibility as provided in Law 12.305/2010;


- To help the organization of public

consortium;

- Improving the legal framework for the

feasibility of recycling recyclable products

recovered in the selective collection;

- Implementing a system for monitoring and

providing technical advice to municipalities

so as to improve the productivity of

services;

Thanks

Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos

[email protected]

implementing national policies at the local level

Documents