Important terms

• Manhattan Project- Project created to build the atomic bomb to drop on Japan.

• J. Robert Oppenheimer- leader of the group of scientists that built the atomic bomb.

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki- places where the 2 atomic bombs were dropped and an estimated 200,00 people died.

• Yalta Conference- Meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt to discuss the future of Europe.

• United Nations- International peace keeping body.• Nuremberg Trials- trials where Hitler's officers were

prosecuted and held by the UN.

The Battle For Okinawa

The Battle for Okinawao Japans last defensive outposto 1900 kamikaze attacks on the allies

Sinking 30 ships 1700 Americans die Japan loses 110,000 people in the fighting to defend

Okinawa

Forestage of the final invasion of Japan

The Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Projecto Project created to develop the atomic bomb

Worked on by over 600,000 Americans secret project

o Begins in 1942oOppenheimer the leader of the group of scientists

who build the bomb.o Tested on July 6th 1945 in New Mexico

The Manhattan Project

To Bomb or Not to Bomb

To bomb or not to bombo Argued to be moral or immoral o Oppenheimer had 3 arguments against the testing of the

bomb Nothing less than dropping a bomb on a city would convince

the Japanese to surrender The test might be a dud The Japanese might shoot down the delivery plane

o Many scientists agreed with this recommendationo Truman did not hesitate to order the planning for the

bombs to be dropped.

Hiroshima And Nagasaki

Hiroshima and Nagasakio Cities where atomic bombs droppedoDropped by b-29 bomberoAugust 6th

o 200,000 killed

• Surrender of Japan came on September 2nd

Hiroshima And Nagasaki

Rebuilding Begins

Preparation for peaceo Yalta conference

Meeting between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill Agreed to make the United Nations Disarming of Germany Erased the Nazi party

The Nuremberg war trialso Germany divided into 4 sectionso Each ally occupied one zoneo 12 of 22 of Hitler’s officers were sentence to death and the

rest to prison

The Nuremburg Trials

Rebuilding Begins

The occupation of Japano Japan occupied by US under General Macarthur o 1100 Japanese put on trialo 7 sentenced to deathoMacArthur reformed the economyoMade a Free Market Economy

The Occupation of Japan

Key Words: 25.4

• GI Bill of Rights: This bill provided education and training for veterans returning from war- paid for by the federal government

• James Farmer: Civil rights leader in 1942- founded CORE

• CORE: Congress of Racial Equality to confront urban segregation in the North

• JACL: Japanese American Citizens League- pushed the government to compensate those sent to the camps for their lost property

Economic Gains

• Many working class people lived well and the war was a prosperous time that gave people money to spend and live well on

• Unemployment fell to 1.2 % by 1944• Farmers enjoyed good crop weather &

crop production increased by 50%• Over 6 million women entered the

work force• GI Bill of Rights- How did it improve

the economy when veterans returned?

Population Shifts• Why mass migrations?• Cause: Military bases and defense industries i.e Connecticut,

Delaware, Maryland, Michigan, Florida, and California• +1 million newcomers to CA between 1941 and 1944, many African

Americans escaping the South• Effect: acute housing shortage (more people than houses) and food

rationing- no kitchen to cook in, food was scarce

Social adjustments

• Veterans transition back into society

• GI Bill of Rights- millions could afford to go back to school, become homeowners, and improve their economic prospects after the war

• Marriage boom in 1943• Divorce boom in 1945 due to

Dear John letters: letters from his wife saying that she found someone new

Discrimination• WW2 was a turning point of sorts

for African Americans• 1942- James Farmer founded CORE:

staged its first sit in at a segregated restaurant in Chicago

• There were riots in Los Angeles over Mexican Americans- they experienced both progress and prejudice during war years

• Japanese Americans locked up in US internment camps- fought for justice

• JACL- $38 million (less than a tenth of Japanese Americans’ actual losses) to compensate those sent to camps

Former Allies clash

• The US and Soviet Union were allies during World War II• The Soviets were Communistic, while the United States were

a democracy• The tension began with the Soviets signing a non-aggression

pact with Hitler• The US also kept their invention of the Atomic bomb a secret

from the soviets• The only hope was the United Nations which in the end only

made things worse• It turned into a race over who could spread their policies

faster

The Potsdam Confrence

Surprise! Here Comes Truman

• Franklin D Roosevelt was assassinated in 1948 and Harry S. Truman took his spot

• FDR never really told Truman what was going on in military matters and peace treaties, so some people doubted him

• After WWII, Truman met with the Big Three (Soviets, US, and Great Britain)

• There, Truman tried to push Stalin to allow free elections which he refused and caused more tension

Harry S. Truman

The Battle Continues

• Stalin began to work for his own benefit and not help the United States

• He installed Communist governments Satellite Nations in:– Albania– Bulgaria– Czechoslovakia– Hungary– Romania– Poland

The US “Returns Fire”

• The US implanted an idea to work against Communism– Containment• This is helping other countries in return for their

promise to not become Communist• George Kennan, American Diplomat in Moscow

proposed the idea

Chaos

• The Cold War began to tear apart Europe• The US developed the Marshall Plan– This gave aid to any country that needed it to

prevent against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos

• The plan helped Europe politically and economically

Germany is Split

• After WWII, Germany was split into four parts occupied by the US, France, Great Britain, and Russia

• Stalin blocked off West Germany from allowing supplies in

• The US began the Berlin Airlift which flew goods and supplies into West Germany– Saved the people of Berlin from starvation

• West Berlin and East Berlin then became seperate republics

Germany Split

NATO

• As a result of the Berlin conflict, 10 Western European nations joined with the US and Canada to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization– NATO

• Their slogan was:– An attack on one would be regarded as an attack

on all