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All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 1

IMPROVEMENT IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF

CONCRETE BY INCLUSION OF BACILLIOUS PESTURI

BACTERIA Akshaykumar Ardeshana

1, Dr. Jayeshkumar Pitroda

2, Dr. Digvijaysinh Rana

3

Final Year Student, ME C.E. &M., BVM Engg. College, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat, India 1

Assistant professor, Civil Engg. Dept., BVM Engg. College, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat, India 2

Assistant professor, ARIBAS College, New V.V. Nagar, Gujarat, India 3

Abstract: There are millions of bacteria available, and certain of it can be used in the

construction industry for enhancement of the overall construction. Recently, it is found

that microbial mineral precipitation resulting from metabolic activities of favorable

microorganisms in concrete improved the overall behavior of concrete. The process can

occur inside or outside the microbial cell or even some distance away within the concrete.

Often bacterial activities simply trigger a change in solution chemistry that leads to over

saturation and mineral precipitation. Use of these Bio mineralogy concepts in concrete

leads to potential invention of new material called ―Bacterial Concrete. And this paper

represents that how inclusion of bacteria in concrete affects compressive strength of

concrete. Different proportions of 105, 10

6, 10

7, 10

8 and 10

9 cells/ml concentration were

added in concrete and compressive strength was tested. Results indicate improvement in

compressive strength of concrete after inclusion of bacteria.

Keywords: Bacteria, Bacterial Concrete, Calcite Precipitation, Bacillious Pasturi,

Construction Industry, Microorganisms.

I. INTRODUCTION

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few

micrometers in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods

and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are

present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs,

radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust.

Microbial mineral precipitation resulting from metabolic activities of favorable

microorganisms in concrete improved the overall behavior of concrete. The process can

occur inside or outside the microbial cell or even some distance away within the

concrete. Often bacterial activities simply trigger a change in solution chemistry that

leads to over saturation and mineral precipitation. Use of these Bio mineralogy concepts

in concrete leads to potential invention of new material called ―Bacterial Concrete.

Bacilious pesturi bacteria were added in concrete for various proportions.

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II. CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Following are the critical literature reviews on various papers based on experimental research

work on use of bacteria into the concrete.

Ghosh et al. (2006) said that compressive strength was increased in concrete (53 grade) and

mortar (22.62% and 19%) by adding Escherichia coli in concrete at 105 concentrations per

ml. by precipitation of inert filler matter. [2]

Muynck et al. (2007) stated that use of Bacillus Sphaericusin the concrete resulted in to

greater resistant to corrosion and improved durability due to calcium carbonate (CaCo3)

precipitation. [3]

Sung-Jin et al. (2010) studied that different calcite forming bacteria resulted into greater

compressive strength and durability in cement mortar. [4]

Bang et al. (2010) identified that CaCo3 precipitation could be increased by Sporosarcina

pasteurii bacteria in the concrete and it results in increase of durability of concrete. [5]

Reddy et al. (2010) concluded that concrete strength, durability, density and microstructure

can be improved by incorporating bacillus subtilis bacterias in to it. [6]

III. METHODOLOGY

Following is the methodology for casting and testing for compressive strength of

concrete made by inclusion of bacteria in different proportions.

IV. MIX DESIGN OF M30 AND M40 GRADE CONCRETE (AS PER IS-10262:2009)

Table 1: Various Materials for M30

For 1 m3 Concrete

Cement 424.5 Kg

Water 191 L

Coarse Aggregate 1178 kg / m3

Fine Aggregate 702.78 kg / m3

Table 2: Various Materials for M40

For 1 m3 Concrete

Cement 477.5 Kg

Water 191 L

Coarse Aggregate 1162.13 kg / m3

Fine Aggregate 664.62 kg / m3

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V. TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXES

Table 3: Different Mixes of M30 and M40 Grade Concrete

Concrete

Mixes Description

A Standard Concrete M30 Grade Mix

B1 Concrete M30 Grade Mix with Inclusion of Bacteria in 105 cells/ml Concentration

B2 Concrete M30 Grade Mix with Inclusion of Bacteria in 106

cells/ml Concentration




C Standard Concrete M40 Grade Mix

D1 Concrete M40 Grade Mix with Inclusion of Bacteria in 105 cells/ml Concentration





VI. RESULTS OF COMPRESSION TEST FOR M30 AND M40 GRADE STANDARD

CONCRETE AND CONCNCRETE WITH INCLUSION OF BACTERIA IN

VARIOUS PROPORTIONS

Table 5: Comparative Experimental Results for Compressive Strength Test for M30

Mixes, Standard Concrete and Concrete with Bacterial inclusion in Different

Proportions

Concrete

Mix (M-30 Grade)

Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS

A 20.63 21.21 33.56

B1 24.26 28.76 38.93

B2 25.56 28.91 39.95

B3 26.15 30.51 42.13

B4 25.43 29.64 40.24

B5 24.84 29.06 39.66

Figure 1: Compressive Strength of all M30 Mixes: Standard Concrete and concrete with

Inclusion of Bacteria in Different Proportions at 7, 14, 28 Days.

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Figure 2: Compressive Strength of all M30 Mixes: Standard Concrete and concrete with

Inclusion of Bacteria in Different Proportions at 28 Days.

From above figures1 and 2, it can be said that compressive strength of all the M30

mixes increased with increase in days. Also compressive strength increases with increase in

bacterial content up to 107

cells/ml concentration, after it further increase in bacterial content

decrease the compressive strength results but it was higher than the standard mixes. So

optimum bacterial content for maximum compressive strength was 107 cells/ml

concentration. For 107 cells/ml B3 Mix shows 25.53% increase in compressive strength

compare to standard A Batch mix.

Table 7: Comparative Experimental Results for Compressive Strength Test for

M40 Grade Mixes: Standard Concrete and Concrete with inclusion of Bacteria in

Different Proportions.

Concrete

Mix (M-40 Grade)

Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS

C 20.77 22.22 43.58

D1 25.71 29.63 49.39

D2 28.18 30.8 50.55

D3 28.62 31.96 51.72

D4 27.75 30.95 49.98

D5 26.59 30.07 48.38

Figure 3: Compressive Strength of all M40 Batches: Standard and concrete with

Inclusion of Bacteria in Different Proportions at 7, 14, 28 Days.

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Figure 4: Compressive Strength of all M40 Batches: Standard and concrete with

Inclusion of Bacteria in Different Proportions at 28 Days.

From above figures 3 and 4, it can be said that compressive strength of all the M40

mixes increased with increase in days. Also compressive strength increases with increase in

bacterial content up to 107

cells/ml concentration, after it further increase in bacterial content

decrease the compressive strength results but it was higher than the standard mixes. So

optimum bacterial content for maximum compressive strength for M40 Mixes was 107

cells/ml concentration. For 107 cells/ml D3Mix shows 18.68% increase in compressive

strength compare to standard C mix.

VII CONCLUSION

From above experimental work, following conclusion are drawn:

1) Compressive strength of concrete increases after inclusion of bacillius pesturi bacteria in

it.

2) Compressive strength increases as increase in bacterial content up to 107 cells/ml

concentration, further increase in bacterial content shows decrease in compressive

strength of concrete.

3) For M30 grade concrete, optimum mix is B3 with 107 cells/ml and for M40 grade

optimum mix is D3 with 107 cells/ml concentration.

4) For M30 grade concrete there was 25.53% maximum increase of compressive strength as

compared with standard A M30 mix, and for M40 grade there was 18.68 % maximum

increase of compressive strength as compared to C standard M40 mix.

REFRENCES

[01] Ardeshana A.B., Dr Pitroda J.R., Dr. Rana Digvijaysinh,” A Critical Literature review on

Gainful Utilization of Bacteria in Construction Industry” International Journal of

Emerging Technologies and Applications in Engineering, Technology and Sciences,

ISSN: 0974-3588 , Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2016, p 29-34.

[02] Ghosh P., Mandal S, “Development of Bioconcrete Material Using an Enrichment

Culture of Novel Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacteria”, Indian Jouranal of Experimental

Biology, april 2006, 336-339.

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[03] De Muynck, De Belie, N., Verstraete, W., “Improvement of Concrete Durability with the

Aid of Bacteria”, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self Healing

Materials, 18-20 April 2007, 1-11.

[04] Park Sung-Jin, Yu-Mi Park, Woo-Young Chun, Wha-Jung Kim, Sa-Youl Ghim,

“Calcite-Forming Bacteria for Compressive Strength Improvement in Mortar”, Jouranal

of Microbiology and Biotechnology, ISBN: 978-953-51-0045-4, Vol 4, 25 January 2010,

782–788.

[05] Bang S.S., Lippert J.J., U. Yerra, Mulukutla S., Ramakrishnan V., “Microbial calcite, a

bio-based smart nanomaterial in concrete remediation”, International Journal of Smart

and Nano Materials, ISSN 1947-5411, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2010, 28–39.

[06] Reddy S.P., M. V. Seshagiri Rao, P. Aparna, CH. Sasikala, ” Performance of Ordinary

Grade Bacterial (Bacillus Subtilis) Concrete”, International Journal of Earth Sciences

and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 03, No. 01, February 2010, pp. 116-124.

[07] Shetty M. S., “Concrete Technology (Theory and Practice)", S. Chand & Company

Publishers.

[08] IS 10262-2009 (Concrete Mix Design Guidelines)

[09] IS - 516 (1959) Methods of tests for strength of Concrete

[10] IS - 1199 (1959) Methods of sampling and analysis of Concrete

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