IMPROVEMENT OF WORKING CONDITION BY TOTAL ERGONOMIC APPROACH TO ENHANCE AVIAN

INFLUENZA BIOSECURITY PRACTICES ON LIVE BIRD MARKET

IN BERINGKIT MARKET, BALIJoko Daryanto

INTRODUCTION

Avian influenza/Bird Flu is an infectious disease of birds and Human caused by type A/H5N1 strains of the influenza virus.

H5N1 virus has caused of human cases of very severe disease and the greatest number of deaths.

H5N1 virus – if given enough opportunities – will develop the characteristics it needs to start another influenza pandemic.

Global Situation of Bird Cases of Avian Influenza A/H5N1

Red : Poultry Bird, Yellow : Wild Bird

Fatality Rate : World : 0.59, Indonesia : 0.83

Yellow : The Cases still happen in 2010

when the influenza epidemic, about 25% of the population

the number of patients to seek medical attention is considered to be up to 25 million

I. Asian influenza and influenza data were popular in the past in Spain Basis, 0,530 million patients - two million - 17 0 000 deaths are estimated to be 640,000

Up to 40 percent of employees are expected to be about the absence.

• a large number of patients and deaths Medical Reduced health care • health care workers from infection Low level of public services • (administrative procedures and delays) Life in general • restriction of daily life Bankruptcy restrictions on activities and business owners • Business Food and daily necessities etc. •, public services (electricity and food and water transportation and communications Etc.) or service stopped due to supply shortage of people engaged in the provision of infection Social Economy • huge economic losses

Culling Vaccine

Biosecurity

Latar Belakang

The LBM provide major contact points for people and live animal, making them important potential sources of viral amplification andinfection

LBMs may serve as a ‘fertile ground’ for virus mutations and emergence of new influenza viruses with increased virulence or ability to infect other species, including humans.

Sims (2007) indicated that live bird markets (LBM) are an important in spreading H5N1 virus in Asian poultry market chains.

High- risk practices in the wet market : Poor hygiene, cleaning and disinfection of

facility, equipment and personnel attire. Keeping multiple species together and in

confined spaces. Stacking of cages on top of one another, without

waste trays. Holding of poultry overnight and return of unsold

birds to farms. Lack of pre-marketing health checks of poultry

birds. Lack of food safety awareness of market stall

owners. Lack of personal protective equipment for stall

owners.

Biosecurity consists of a set of management practices reduces the potential for the transmission /spread Avian Influenza virus -onto and between sites,animals and humans.

Biosecurity in LBM Segregation of species - keeping

separate species in different cages. Ensure all-in, all-out . Avoid returning

unsold birds to the farm, as they may be infected and may carry back the virus.

Slaughtering zones - Strictly ensure a separate area for poultry slaughtering.

Processing equipment and work surfaces - Use easily cleanable work surfaces (e.g. chopping boards, work tables). Avoid use of wooden surfaces, wooden knives as they cannot be cleaned.

Biosecurity in LBM Customer orientation - Do not allow or

permit the customers to touch and inspect live poultry before purchase; discourage selling live poultry to customers.

Compulsory rest days . Having compulsory rest days periodically would facilitate emptying, cleaning and disinfecting the entire market regularly. This would improve hygiene and prevent build up of pathogens and H5N1 virus load

Cages should be made of material easy to clean and disinfect. Hand washing basins with soap and potable water should be provided where humans and birds come into contact.

Clean and disinfect premises and equipment.

Biosecurity in LBM Personal protective gear – Ensure workers in

slaughtering and selling operations wear clean, light coloured protected clothing, including clean aprons and rubber boots everyday and avoid using the same clothes and boots back home.

Personal hygiene – Ensure the workers handle live poultry only after a thorough handwash , take a bath at the market personnel facilities or change into clean clothes and shoes after washing hands, arms and feet thoroughly with soap and potable water and drying with clean towel / cloth.

Effective management of hazardous waste – Proper disposal of carcasses, blood and other hazardous waste (liquid and solid) disposal .

All dead birds and other contaminated objects (for instance: blood, feathers) must be destroyed.

Showed that the selling practices of vendors is very risky due to AI and need work condition improvement.

vendors as subjects have a most risk to be transmitted the H5N1 bird-influenza

the work station was not fit to body size of vendors and caused awkward postured : Musculoskeletal complaints, and Fatigue

It caused less awareness in preventing the spreading of AI.

To assess the effect of working condition improvement through total ergonomic to enhance biosecurity practices of vendors.

To assess the effect of working condition improvement through total ergonomic approach on the decreasing of musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue, workload and enhance biosecurity practices of vendors.

METHODOLOGY

will be conducted at Beringkit market, Regency of Badung, Bali, Indonesia.

Participant is the vendors will be chosen by census sampling.

Design of study is an experimental with treatment by subject.

Assessment will be done twice, before and after intervention through total ergonomic approach.

Study variables include: (1) independent/exogenous variables performances of biosecurity practices; (2)dependent/endogenous variables: workload, musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue.

The data collected before and after intervention will be analysed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Using Statistical Program SPSS.