improving air quality monitoring systems in asia g
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Improving air quality monitoring systems in Asia g
Kaye PatduClean Air Asia
Expert Group Meeting on Strategies for Improving E i t St ti ti i A i d th P ifi Environment Statistics in Asia and the Pacific
4 December 2013Bangkok, Thailand
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Mission: to promote better air quality and livable cities by translating knowledge to policies and actions that reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transport, energy and other sectors.
About Clean Air Asia
Clean Air Asia was established by the Asian Development Bank, World Bank and USAID in2001. Since 2007, Clean Air Asia consists of
• the Clean Air Asia Center as an independent NGO• a UN recognized partnership of more than 240 organizations in Asia and worldwide• Country Networks in China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka andVietnam.
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Use of Air Quality data1- Standards setting and review: Hong Kong
1. 1990 – Enforcement of AP Control (Fuel Restriction) Regulations. Prohibits use of high sulfur content solid and
1 2 3 4 5 6
SO2 standardg
liquid fuel for commercial and industrial appliances
2. 1995 – Reduce sulfur content of motor diesel fuel to 0.2%
3. 1997 – More stringent control on new power plants
4. 2001 – Reduce sulfur content of motor diesel fuel to 0 035%
SO2 levels
3http://www.epd‐asg.gov.hk/english/report/files/aqr09e.pdf
of motor diesel fuel to 0.035%
5. 2002 –Motor diesel fuel tightened to Euro IV standard (i.e. “ultra low sulfur diesel”), caps sulfur content at 0.005%
6. 2005 –Total emission control imposed on all power plants
Annual SO2 standard has been met for almost 2 decades but no change yet in standard.
Use of Air Quality Data 2- Air quality progress monitoring: Delhi
Annual average PM10 (µg/m3)
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Use of Air Quality Data 3- Public communication: Hong Kong and Shanghai
Source: Clean Air Asia, 2013.
Use of Air Quality Data 3- Public communication: clean air = clean air?
Air Quality Index for PM10 for different countries
Source: Clean Air Asia, 2013.
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Air QualityData availability
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● Pollutants : PM10, SO2, NO2
(PM for few cities)
1142038
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164
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5
4
228
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3
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(PM2.5 for few cities)
● Geographic scope: 22 Asian countries (over 400 cities)
● Frequency: annual average ambient air concentrations from 1993 to 2011
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1● Source: Secondary data from environment bureau website, national statistics websites, request from city contacts
Source: www.CitiesACT.org, Clean Air Asia, 2013
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About the ProjectAQ Interventions: Improving AQ monitoring systems in Asian cities
● Objective: identify cities that have achieved significant improvement in
AQ and enhance opportunities for south south learning by twinning AQ and enhance opportunities for south‐south learning by twinning.
● Intended outcome: identify interventions to improve AQ data and
enhance technical collaboration among Asian cities by developing
improved understanding of current status, quality and best practices in air
quality monitoring.
● Duration: May 2012 – February 2013
Air Quality Monitoring Assessment
AQ Monitoring Survey Respondents
● 39 valid city respondents, covering 14 countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India Indonesia Japan Lao PDR Mongolia Philippines Republic of Korea India , Indonesia, Japan , Lao PDR, Mongolia, Philippines , Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam)
● 11 megacities including Tokyo, Jakarta, Seoul, Delhi, Mumbai, Manila, and Dhaka.
In‐depth assessment
• Thailand – Bangkok, Rayong; Vietnam – Hanoi and HCMC; Singapore;
Mongolia –Ulaanbaatar; Republic of Korea – Seoul; Indonesia – Bandung,
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Jakarta, Surabaya; India – Delhi; Hong Kong; Philippines – Metro Manila
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Air Quality Monitoring Assessment City Assessments – Findings
Technical Challenges● Limited scope: cities, pollutants, stations
E i d i l i i
Capacity Development● Regional/National Training Centers on
Air Quality Monitoring ● Equipment and site selection, maintenance and management
● Synergies of Manual and Continuous monitoring systems
● Quality Assurance and Quality Control
● Power fluctuation and outages; security
Sustainability and Financing● Budget Allotment for AQ Monitoring Systems:
Air Quality Monitoring
● Roles of University and Research Institutes on AQ Monitoring and Management
● Disseminating Air Quality Monitoring Results to Stakeholders
● City Twinning
Use of data ● Lack of linkages with standards review, g g y
Capital investment and budget for operations
● Sustainable Management‐ National vs City Air Quality Monitoring Systems
● Alternative Financing options for AQ monitoring
● Lack of linkages with standards review, revisions
● Data management, analysis and reporting
Presented at the Better Air Quality Conference December 2012
● Describes essential characteristics of a good monitoring system, including examples of international guidelines.
Good Practice Guidance on Air Quality Monitoring Systems in Asian Cities
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1. Ability to properly plan and implement a AQM network to a compatible international standard
2. Ability to plan and implement a QA/QC process
3. Ability to disseminate AQM data and analytical results to stakeholders
4. Ability to utilize the AQM results to improve AQ control policy
Abilit t id d fi i l 5. Ability to provide manpower and financial resources to sustain the AQM system
● Compare against these guidelines and identifies challenges in meeting them.
● Good practices of selected cities
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Online database
Policy support
● Improving AQM: Fourth Government Meeting on Urban Air
Quality in Asia endorsed the development of the Guidance Framework on y p
Urban Air Quality in Asia
• Ambient air quality standards and monitoring systems
• Emissions inventories
• Health and other impacts
• Clean air plans, policies and measures
• Communicating on air quality, health and co‐benefitsCo u cat g o a qua ty, ea t a d co be e ts
• Supporting Governments in improving urban AQM
http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/11631
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Next Steps
● Explore a model of establishing a regional center which leases AQ monitoring equipment to member cities and leases AQ monitoring equipment to member cities and provides technical support to these cities.
● This would allow cities with limited resources to still measure the air quality situation in their area. AQ monitoring equipment providers may be approached to lend out their products to the center for an agreed period of time.
Example: BAGA “Lungs”
● Cebu City, Philippines
● Before 1991: Cebu City's hospitals had no pulmonary units, not enough ventilators t d t i l l i tto go around, not even a single pulse oximeter
● 1991: 12 Adult Pulmonologist, 2 Pediatric Pulmonologists, and 1 Thoracic surgeon came together to form BAGA (lungs): "Breathe Always Good Air".
● The team acquired various medical equipments: pulmonary machines and x‐ray machines. They also develop hospital and non‐hospital based pulmonary centers, scholarship programs and libraries.
● As of 2007, BAGA has 21 members and affiliate members.
● 2013: BAGA is engaged in the business of leasing pulmonary equipment and 3 g g g p y q pservices, and offers to lease the aforesaid pulmonary units to hospitals. BAGA now has a 24 hours Hotline to give excellent service and support to the Doctors and Patients. BAGA provide its own Respiratory Therapist to insure proper handling of the machines and Technicians to ensure that all machines are working properly.
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Example: Metro Weather
● Metro Weather is a public‐private partnership that has established a network of 30 automated weather stations (AWS) in Metro Manila.
● Provide free and near real time weather data that can be used to prepare for ● Provide free and near real‐time weather data that can be used to prepare for severe weather conditions such as tropical cyclones and heavy flooding.
● Project partners are the Metro Manila Development Authority , Chevron, the Manila Observatory, Globe Telecom, and Ateneo de Manila University.
● ROLES:• Chevron provide both financial resources as well as technical and infrastructure support through
select Caltex service stations in strategic locations.
• Manila Observatory conceptualized the establishment of a dense, urban network of AWS. MO provides the scientific and technical support in the installation, operation and maintenance of the AWS network.
• Globe Telecom seeks partnerships that support its advocacy of environmental sustainability and provides ICT infrastructure.
• MMDA assisted in selection of appropriate locations for the AWS, will support MO in providing information which will aid the development and implementation of an evidenced‐based decision support system for urban risk reduction, and assist in the physical maintenance of the AWS.
• Ateneo assists in creating relevant academic and research entry points for the analysis and communication of the AWS data.
[email protected] 3505 Robinsons Equitable Tower
ADB Avenue, Pasig CityMetro Manila 1605
hili i
Clean Air Asia Center
For more information: www.cleanairasia.orgFor more information: www.cleanairasia.org
Philippines
[email protected] Reignwood Building,
No. 8 YongAnDongLiJianguomenwai Avenue Beijing
China
Clean Air Asia China Office
[email protected] Floor, Building No. 4
Thyagraj Nagar Market, Lodhi Colony New Delhi 110003
India
Clean Air Asia India Office
Clean Air Asia Country Networkshttp://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/11573
China . India . Indonesia . Nepal . Pakistan . Philippines . Sri Lanka . Vietnam
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Clean Air Asia Center Members
• Asia Clean Fuels Association
• Corning• Shell
240 Clean Air Asia Partnership Members
• Cities• Environment ministries and government agencies
• Development agencies and foundations• Non‐government organizations• Academic and research institutions• Private sector companies and associations
Donors in 2012 to 2013
Asian Development Bank Cities Development Initiative for Asia ClimateWorks Foundation DHL/IKEA/UPS Energy Foundation Fredskorpset Norway Fu Tak Iam Foundation
German International Cooperation (GIZ) Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES) Institute for Transport Policy Studies Institute for Transportation and DevelopmentPolicy International Union for Conservation of Nature L'Agence Française deDéveloppement (AFD) MAHA Pilipinas Shell Rockefeller Brothers Fund ShaktiFoundation Shell Foundation United Nations Environment Program Partnership for CleanFuels and Vehicles (UNEP PCFV) USAID CEnergy Veolia World Bank
tal/node/11573