• Reduces the number of circuit breaker re-

closures

• Improves safety

• Reduce wear on expensive equipment

• Improves the accuracy of locating faults

Recommendations for Future Work

• More LineIQ connections for South Loop

• Upgrading switches and breakers

• Faster LineIQ algorithm processing speed

• Improve Snohomish PUD’s transmission line auto-sectionalizing scheme by:

• Implementing high-voltage fault indicators to detect faults

• Programming an automation controller communicating over a fiber optic network

• Better revealing the location of a fault and removing only faulted areas

• Working under a limited public utility budget:

• Targeting most fault concentrated area

• Detecting faults without adding additional

transformers

• Working with a non-radial transmission network:

• Limited equipment selection for High Voltage Lines

• Utilizing relatively new Fiber Optic Communications

• Detecting direction of current

Software & Tools

• Aspen OneLiner – fault current analysis on our network topology

• Cedar Logic – test logic

• SEL AcSELerator – program SEL-2411 controller

Our team would like to extend our gratitude to:

Jeanne Harshbarger, David Quashie, Mark Oen, Brian Benach,

Dr. Pedrow, Dr. Delgado-Frias, Dr. Lotfifard, Jody Opheim,

Cindy Zimmerman, John Yates, Snohomish PUD and

the Washington State University School of Electrical Engineering.

Background

Test & ValidationCommunication

System One-line

Environmental

• Less construction and landscape destruction

• No grounding or foundation is necessary

• Pacific northwest experiences frequent cloud

coverage

• Dependent on solar power

• IP66 enclosure

• Rated against water and vibrations

• Operates on 2.4 GHz radio frequency

• No known interference

Societal

• Faulted transmission lines threaten important

services such as hospitals, police stations, and

communication networks

• Providing stable power encourages more

companies to work in the area

Economic

• Cheap compared to CTs, PTs, and Relays

Ethical

• Reclosing less frequently improves safety

• Cars can crash into transmission line poles

• People near downed transmission lines are

at risk

Broader Impacts

Auto-Sectionalizing Logic

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Team Nitinol

Improving Auto-Sectionalizing Schemes with IEDsSponsor: Snohomish PUD

Mentors: Jeanne Harshbarger, Mark Oens, and David Quashie

Russell Berryman, Ricky Burko, Adam Hirsi, Mack Neavor, Abdikarim Osman, and Jared Zarelli

General Information

• High voltage fault indicators up to 138 kV

• Placed on each phase

• Detect direction of fault current

• Voltage presence estimated

• Voltage calculated from capacitance

• Determines energized/de-energized lines

• Connects directly to transmission line

• Installed by a lineman using a hot-stick

Technical & Non-Technical Issues

• Solar powered with large battery

• Takes a long time to charge with solar

• SCADA alarms available

• 60 seconds to process fault direction

• Ideally would like less than 10 seconds

LineIQ

Data Protocols

• SCADA

• DNP3

• ZigBee

Data Retrieval

• Wireless (150ft)

GridSense Gateway

• Supports Serial or

LAN connection

• Makes Collected Data

available to the

SCADA

Security

• ZigBee protocol

encrypts traffic and is

secure from cyber-

attacks

• DNP3 difficult to

eavesdrop over fiber-

network

IQ 1 and IQ 2 at B2

3LG

2LG

(B-C)

1LG

(A)

LL

(B-C)

B1 303% 294% 275% 167%

L1 304% 284% 274% 255%

B2 2293% 2034% 1342% 1983%

L2 720% 650% 529% 619%

B3 1030% 907% 551% 892%

L3 899% 804% 677% 806%

B4 898% 804% 681% 778%

IQ 3 and IQ 4 at B3

B1 303% 294% 275% 167%

L1 304% 284% 274% 255%

B2 2293% 2034% 1342% 1983%

L2 720% 650% 529% 619%

B3 1030% 907% 551% 892%

L3 903% 809% 681% 810%

B4 903% 808% 677% 781%

Figure 2: LineIQ Communication Pathway

Figure 4: One-line Representation of North Loop

Figure 8: CEDAR Logic

CEDAR Start

CEDAR Outputs

CEDAR Latches

CEDAR

Misc

Figure 6: Flowchart Representation of LineIQ Operation

Figure 7: Flowchart for Bus & Line Fault IdentificationFigure 5: Fault Condition Current

Figure 9: Lineman

Figure 11: Aspen OneLiner Single-Phase Fault (Values Altered from Actual System)

• Transmission Lines monitored

for 2 cycle fault condition. Pre-

set values in Figure 5

determined from Aspen

OneLiner.

• Fault conditions trigger

flowcharts Figure 6 & 7 which

can be followed logically from

Figure 8.

Figure 10: GridSense

LineIQ Installation

Figure 3: Vigo County School Bus

Figure 1: TVA's Bull Run fossil

plant near Clinton, TN

Figure 12: North Loop Substation