improving performance by changing the rules from fast to spdy
DESCRIPTION
SPDY was proposed by Google back in November 2009 to reduce the latency and load time of web pages. It was provided as part of the Chromium open-source project and is enabled in Chrome by default.We at Cotendo took on the challenge, implemented the server side, and extended our proxies to support SPDY, providing SPDY to HTTP “translation”. Guess what? It really speeds things up. But like all new good things, there is still work to do. We will share insights from our implementation, optimization of SSL-based traffic and present performance data both from Google’s and our customers’ deployment.What’s next?We believe the introduction of SPDY as a new application layer presents a unique opportunity to rethink web design concepts and front-end-optimization (FEO) techniques. We will discuss some optimizations we developed and suggest some guidelines on how you can approach these new types of optimizations.TRANSCRIPT
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From Fast to SPDY
Ido Safruti,
Mike Belshe,
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SPDY
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SPDYee
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Agenda
Challenges of HTTP/1.1 SPDY Some data, and results How we tune today What’s next
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rfc2616: HTTP/1.1
drafted:1998 released June 1999
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
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What else was there in 1998
http://web.archive.org/web/19980425182703/http://geocities.com/
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What else was there in 1998
4/25/1998no external scripts or css files20 images, ~65KB entire page
http://web.archive.org/web/19980425182703/http://geocities.com/
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Did They Plan for That!?
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HTTP/1.1 Compression Headers Poor connection management Only one request can be done at a time (Half duplex) Particularly important on high latency links (mobile) short lived connections
security - optional
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Compression
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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CompressionOptionalOnly for response body
~99% of browsers support
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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CompressionOptionalOnly for response body
~99% of browsers support Particularly important on small pipes (mobile)
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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CompressionOptionalOnly for response body
~99% of browsers support Particularly important on small pipes (mobile)
15%-30% of responses not compressed for no good reason!*
for SSL even worse
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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CompressionOptionalOnly for response body
~99% of browsers support Particularly important on small pipes (mobile)
15%-30% of responses not compressed for no good reason!*
for SSL even worse no request compression
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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CompressionOptionalOnly for response body
~99% of browsers support Particularly important on small pipes (mobile)
15%-30% of responses not compressed for no good reason!*
for SSL even worse no request compressionno header compression
* http://code.google.com/speed/articles/web-metrics.html + Cotendo measurements
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Headers Redundant Repeat on EVERY request/response Can’t compress
User-agent Cookies
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Client Server
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Request/Response = 0.5 RTT
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Request/Response = 0.5 RTT
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
}
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Request/Response = 0.5 RTT
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
}}
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Request/Response = 0.5 RTT
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Client Server
}}
Spun additional connections
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HTTP Connection - under the hood
Request/Response = 0.5 RTT
TCP Connect + Request = 1.5 RTTTCP Connect + SSL Connect + Request = 3.5 RTT
Slow Start - 30KB ~ 4 RTT (vs. 1 RTT warm)
Client Server
Spun additional connections
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Global
US
Mobile - US
Mobile - EU
BW Mbps
1.9
5.1
1.1
~2
User Data: average bandwidth
Source: State of the Internet, Q4 2010http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/
User Data: average RTT
Broadband
Coast-to-Coast
3G device-GW
RTT ms
30
100
80-200
“Lost” Capacity on each RTT
US Broadband: 63.7KBUS Mobile: 27.5KBAverage obj size 8.1KBSource: HTTP Archive, 6/1/2011 data for Top 1,000http://httparchive.org
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http://desktopsecuritysoftwareguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Padlock.jpg
Security is optional
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Enters SPDY!
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Requirements Avoid requiring the website author to change content
Allow for incremental changesPerforming "better" with content changes is okayPerforming "worse" without content changes is unacceptable
Perform always better, never worse than HTTP
Drop-in replacement from webapp's point of view Changing the web server/application server is inevitable and therefore
acceptable
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What is SPDY? Goal: Reduce Web Page Load time.
Multiplexing Better utilize client connections
Compression HTTP headers are excessive Uplink bandwidth is limited
Prioritization Today the browser holds back Priorities enable multiplexing
Encrypted & Authenticated Eavesdropping at the Cafe must be stopped
Server Push Websites do some of this today with data URLs
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Deployment Status
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Deployment Status Google Enabled for all Google SSL traffic On by default since Chrome 6
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Deployment Status Google Enabled for all Google SSL traffic On by default since Chrome 6
CDNs/Service providers: Cotendo
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Deployment Status Google Enabled for all Google SSL traffic On by default since Chrome 6
CDNs/Service providers: Cotendo
Server implementations: Strangeloop SPDY Proxy available Others: C++, Python, Ruby, Go
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Deployment Status Google Enabled for all Google SSL traffic On by default since Chrome 6
CDNs/Service providers: Cotendo
Server implementations: Strangeloop SPDY Proxy available Others: C++, Python, Ruby, Go
Client implementation Chrome Android coming...
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Results
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Yahoo! Homepage, over broadband network
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Yahoo! homepageHTTP
BroadbandRTT = 20ms
Page Load: 1.23sec
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Yahoo! homepageSPDY (via Cotendo)
BroadbandRTT = 20ms
Page Load: 1.21sec
-2%
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Amazon.com Homepage, over 3G network
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Page Load: 12.50sec
Amazon.com HomepageHTTP
3G, AT&TRTT = 200+ms
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Amazon.com HomepageSPDY(via Cotendo)
3G AT&TRTT = 200+ms
Page Load: 6.26sec
-49%
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HTTPS vs SPDY (Production)
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Increasing Parallelism
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Less is More - Conns, Bytes, Packets
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Not Too Shabby WebSockets docs.google.com has a "hanging get" for every doc open
how to scale beyond 6 connections per domain? docs[1-N].google.com
gets expensive, complicated, and is horribly inefficient
SPDY is easy, works great, efficient
Header compression mitigates the inefficiency of a hanging GET
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Can't We Address Latency & Security Separately?
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Can't We Address Latency & Security Separately?
No.
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Can't We Address Latency & Security Separately? If eavesdropping in the cafe is still possible in 2020 with trivial tools, we have
failed our users.
Security is not just for banks! Social/Mail/Content is a major target example: Comodo attack
Firesheep tools make sniffing easy
Major content providers want privacy Facebook opt-in Twitter opt-in Google working toward 100%
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How we tune today
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High Performance Web Sites1.Make fewer HTTP requests2.Use CDN
3.Add expires header
4.Gzip Components
5.Put stylesheets at the top
6.Put scripts at the bottom
7.Avoid CSS expressions
8.Make JS and CSS external
9.Reduce DNS lookups
10.Minify JS
11.Avoid redirects
12.Remove duplicate scripts
13.Configure Etags
14.Make Ajax cacheable
15.Sharding domains
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High Performance Web Sites1.Make fewer HTTP requests2.Use CDN
3.Add expires header
4.Gzip Components5.Put stylesheets at the top6.Put scripts at the bottom7.Avoid CSS expressions
8.Make JS and CSS external
9.Reduce DNS lookups10.Minify JS11.Avoid redirects
12.Remove duplicate scripts
13.Configure Etags
14.Make Ajax cacheable
15.Sharding domains
Due To HTTP Limitations!
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Firetruck
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Domain Sharding
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Domain Sharding Pros: Parallelism in HTTP Cookieless domains for static content
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Domain Sharding Pros: Parallelism in HTTP Cookieless domains for static content
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Domain Sharding Pros: Parallelism in HTTP Cookieless domains for static content
Cons: DNS time Connection establishment overhead TCP slowstart / warmup SSL
maintaining many connections user cache Prevents browser optimizations
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Reduce number of requests Inlining Spriting Data URLs Combining javascripts and CSS files
Cons: reduced cache efficiency Complicated
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New Class of FEO
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Rethink your optimizations
As rules change, your need to re-evaluate your best practices 13 years is a long time! start at the beginning...
But also presents many new opportunities Delivery priorities Smart Push Simple web code Automate!
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Image Compression
HTML6.5
Scripts13.0
Stylesheets3.5
Images55.0
Other7.0 HTML
32
Scripts119
Stylesheets25
Images415
Other99
Number of Requests Transfer Size in KB
Source: http://httparchive.org/trends.php?s=Top1000
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In mobile even stronger!
HTML42
Scripts80
Stilesheets20
Images228
Other6
HTML4
Scripts7
Stilesheets2
Images31
Other2
Number of Requests Transfer Size in KB
Source: http://mobile.httparchive.org/trends.php?s=Top1000
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Lossy compression is the way to go!
Billy Hoffman / Zoompf
AP Photo/John Bazemore
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/tracy_olson/61056391/
Lossy-Compression is Not for Everything
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Progressive image compression
http://images.sixrevisions.com/2010/12/01-02_baseline_vs_progressive.jpg
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Client Server
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Client Server
Get HTML
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Client Server
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Client Server
Get all objects
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20%
Client Server
20%20% 20%20%
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Client Server
80% 80%80% 80%80%
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Summary
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SPDY actually delivers!
![Page 82: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases
![Page 83: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
![Page 84: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
![Page 85: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible!
![Page 86: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed.
![Page 87: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed. What’s next?
![Page 88: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed. What’s next?
![Page 89: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed. What’s next?
Opens the door to implement new class of optimizations
![Page 90: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed. What’s next?
Opens the door to implement new class of optimizations
![Page 91: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
SPDY actually delivers! but we are still in the early phases participate and be part of the solution
Rules CAN be broken. Changes are possible! HTTP is built into the internet architecture, it can’t be changed. What’s next?
Opens the door to implement new class of optimizations
Get engaged NOW!
![Page 92: Improving performance by changing the rules from fast to SPDY](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042713/54896261b47959050d8b598f/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Measurement - Proving us Right No 3rd party tools (yet)!
Chrome developer tools not good for large scale data...
w3c Web Performance tools - Navigation Timing Supported on IE9, and Chrome 11+ http://w3c-test.org/webperf/specs/NavigationTiming/
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