Improving Services: The Role of Union Parishad Standing Committees

Unnayan Shamannay

Improving Services: The Role of Union Parishad Standing Committees

© Unnayan Shamannay (US), 2014First published: October, 2014

Published by

Unnayan Shamannay (US)

Written byDr. Mahfuz KabirAshfaq R. KhanRobert S. Guda

Bangla TranslationShahnaz Shireen

CoordinationShaheen ul Alam

Field Research SupportMahabub HasanAslam Parvez

With the support of

Cover & Graphics DesignFakrul Islam

PrintingDot Printing & Packaging164 Shaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Sarani(Old 3/2) Purana Palton, Dhaka-1000

This booklet is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this paper are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ARD and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government

Improving Services: The Role of Union Parishad Standing Committees

Unnayan Shamannay

Acronyms

BUPF : Bangladesh Union Parishad Forum CiG : Citizens in Governance CMC : Co-management Committee CREL : Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods DAM : DhakaAhsania Mission FCRWCA : Family Conflict Resolution & Women and Children Affairs FGDs : Focus Group Discussions FWA : Family Welfare AssistantKIIs : Key Informant Interviews LGED : Local Government Engineering Division LGUs : Local Government Units MAB : Municipal Association of BangladeshNGOs : Non-Government Organizations PIO : Project Implementation Officer SAAO : Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer SCs : Standing Committees SDLG : Strengthening Democratic Local Governance SWDM : Social Welfare and Disaster Management TR : Test Relief UAO : Upazila Agriculture OfficerUDCC : Union Development Coordination Committee UEO : Upazila Education OfficerUHFPO : Upazila Health and Family Planning OfficerUHFWC : Union Health and Family Welfare Centre UNO : UpazilaNirbahi Officer UP : Union ParishadUWAO : Upazila Women Affairs Officer UZP : UpazilaParishadUZPAB : UpazilaParishad Association of Bangladesh

Improving Services: The Role of Union Parishad Standing Committees*

1. BackgroundA functional accountability mechanism between administrative and legislative branches of state, which is a fundamental requirement for good governance, is much lacking in Bangladesh, which results in the poor condition of governance. Even though local government units (LGUs) are designated as administrativeunits as per the Constitution of Bangladesh, the elected LGU representatives have the right and authority to play a role in improving service delivery throughmonitoring services provided by the ministry line departments to the citizens. However, this right and authority is practiced rarely except in few cases where the elected representatives have adequate knowledge about the legal provisions regarding their responsibilities and authority, and the motivation to workthrough existingrules and mechanisms for improved services to the satisfaction of the citizens.

Strengthening Democratic Local Governance (SDLG) is a USAID-funded project supporting decentralization and capacity building of LGUs in Bangladesh. The four components of the project are: (i) research and advocacy, (ii) strengthening local government associations, viz. UpazilaParishad Association of Bangladesh (UZPAB), Bangladesh Union Parishad Forum (BUPF), and Municipal Association of Bangladesh (MAB), and (iii)training for full council of elected representatives on their respective laws at the three LGUs, and (iv) training of local citizens. Under the first component, SDLG has been conducting practical research that feeds into advocacy as well as into the modules and trainings. Under the second component, which ended December 2013, SDLG helped strengthen and build capacities of LGU associations as effective advocacy units for policy reform. From 2011 to 2013, the SDLG project, through its three regional field offices and the main office in Dhaka, trained 600 local government councils in 450 unions, 50 municipalities and 100 upazilas. It trained both the local council officials and secretaries for all 600 councils and a group of citizens (Citizens in Governance, CiG in short) for 500 union and paurasabha (municipal) communities.

An effective local governance mechanism plays a critical role in ensuring improved service delivery for the citizens. In the institutionalization of governance, the two critical rural LGUs, viz. Union Parishad (UP) and UpazilaParishad (UZP) still remain weak due to inefficiency, lack of resources, political influences, and corruption, which results in the low level of confidence of citizens in the LGUs. Various standing committees (SCs) of UPs and UZPs are one of three main institutional avenues for the people’s participation in the local decision-making processes. SDLG project has tried to activate the SCs, mandated to play a role in service delivery monitoring.

This paper analyses the current level of activities and functions of SCs, their involvement with the local people as well as the perceptions of local community regarding their performance. It also presents a policy framework on better functioning of standing committees of UPs to strengthen local governance.

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* Authors are grateful to Jerome Sayre and Dr.Zarina Rahman Khan of SDLG project for their useful comments and inputs in this paper.

2. Objective of the StudyThe broad objectives of the study are to address the following critical questions:

• To what extent the initiative to activate SCs and promote SC as a powerful entity for monitoring service delivery of government agencies has been successful?

• How are the SCs functioning after the SDLG intervention?• How sustainable are the achieved results? What will happen when intervention of

SDLG discontinues?• What is the interaction between different committees formed under directives of

national government ministries and the local government standing committees?• What is the interaction at field level between SDLG project and other USAID -funded

sector projects?

3. Technical ApproachThe study was primarily based on qualitative method. In order to identify the role ofSCs in improving service delivery and sustainability of good practices, the study team interviewed a variety of stakeholders involved in some selected SCs. This exercise focused on the following SCs in areas indicated below.

Map: Location of Unions of Field Study at KaliganjUpazila (left) and ShyamnagarUpazila(right)

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Table 1: Unions and Standing Committees of Field Study

This study tries to understand and explore the good practices and the process of institutionalization of policies after activation of selected standing committees (SCs) at the union level. The study team collected information from upazila and union level stakeholders who are directly related to these SCs. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted to identify examples of SC intervention and its impacts. Separate structured checklist was developed for FGD and KII for different stakeholders.

The stakeholders were the UP chairmen and secretaries, president and members of relevant SCs, relevant government officials at both upazila and union level, and partner non-government organizations (NGOs) working at other USAID-funded sectorprojects. FGDs were conducted with the relevant SC members, members of CiG forum, and beneficiaries at the field level. The CiG forum puts strong emphasis on peoples’ participation in the oversight of UP service delivery, representation of citizens in UP activities, assisting the UP Chairman and members to work for the community, etc. Moreover, KIIs were conducted with UP chairmen, UP secretaries, related government officials and sectorpartners.

Table 2: Stakeholders and Instruments of Gathering Field Information

The rationale behind interviewing union level government officers and beneficiaries is to understand the different perspectives of the stakeholders involved. As the government staff is being monitored by active SCs, the officials also have the chance to express their views during the research on such SC monitoring. The discussions with the beneficiaries were conducted to understand whether general citizens are aware of the process through which SCs are resolving issues. Interviews of other USAID-funded project personnel were taken to gauge the potential of greater interaction between the sectorprojects and the UP mechanisms of good governance.

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Upazila Union Standing Committee Kaliganj

Krishnanagar

• Education and Health • Agriculture

Shyamnagar Burigoalini • Disaster Management and Climate Change • Family Conflict Resolution, Women and Children

Bhurulia • Education and Health • Agriculture

Stakeholders Study Instrument UP Chair KII UP Secretary KII Respective SC FGD Union Level Government Official KII Upazila Level Government Official KII Beneficiary FGD/KII Project Official of other USAID funded Projects KII

4. Improved Services and Awareness among Citizens: Evidence from the Field StudyThe role and importance of SCs of the LGUs were not properly understood by the elected representatives and citizens in the past even though these were officially formed in 2011 after the UP elections. As a result, SCs remained largely ineffective despite the provisions and bindings described in the law. However, SDLG intervention in some selected regions attempted to activate the SCs and facilitate their engagement in their activities.

After monitoring activities, there are two ways in which the SC can intervene to improve services at the local level. First, it can resolve on its own initiative the problem in service delivery identified through monitoring. Second, the SC can report the issue to UP monthly meeting and the UP chair can place the issue to either UZP level SC or UZP monthly meeting for appropriate action. Then the UZP can assign the relevant line department officials to take measures for resolving the matter at the union level. The Upazila level officers can take necessary action to improve service through instructing/involving the government officials working at the Union level. The latter mechanism although being utilized in some cases, is not widely in practice. The SDLG intervention sought to activate and institutionalize these processes of improving services through the UP SCs and the active roles of the UP and the UZP.

4.1 Family Conflict Resolution &Women and Children Affairs (FCRWCA) SCThis particular SCat Burigoalini UP at ShyamnagarUpazila is activesince SDLG intervention in 2012 even though it was formed earlier. Usually, four to five issues are discussed in a typical SC meeting. The concerned UP member informed the study team that around 15 issues were discussed in the last three meetings. Of these the SC were able to resolve five issues. One notable aspect of this particular SC is its follow up on three months’ intervals of the intervened issues.

4.1.1 Domestic violence: Faruque and Samsunnahar lived about a year ago at village Datinakhali(Ward No.7). Samsunnahar was victim of torture by her husband and his relatives

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BOX: Standing Committee at UP Level and their FunctionsComposition and Meetings:

• Standing Committee is lead by an elected councilor and requires 5 to 7 members. Each committee can co-opt citizens but such members will not have voting rights.

• Each SC has to meet every two months, but emergency meetings can be arranged any time.

Basic Functions:• Monitoring the activities of service providers and giving feedback to the general

people based on their needs and demand.• Give planning support to the service delivery provider and monitor the

implementing process. • Provide regular reports to the UP about the activities of the committee, decisions

and monitoring with two month intervals. Source: Local Government Division (2012), Union Parishad Operation Manual.

because of her dark complexion. She was a member of a savings club whereNargis Akhter, aCiGmember,was also a member. Nargis brought this issue to the attention of the SC President, MstShaziaKhatun. The SC discussed this issue in the next meeting and decided to intervene in the matter. The SC members Nargis Akhter and MstShaziaKhatun visited the house and warned Faruque against torturing Samsunnahar. The SC president also cautioned Faruque and his relatives that if they continued the physical and mental violence againstShamsunnar then she would file a case against them under the existing law on Repression against Women. This resulted in restraining Faruque and his relatives from torturing Samsunnahar again. Finding relief from the action of this UP SC, Shamsunnahar encouraged women in similar situation of domestic violence to seek help from the SC. The SC’s follow up monitoring activity is important to check whether an incidence of domestic violence is repeated again. However, the Upazila Women’s Affairs Officer should be informed of these incidences, so that there is regular monitoring, follow up and necessary measures taken by government functionaries. The UP SCs monitor whether violence or repression against women is taking place and can report to the UWAO through UP and UZP or directly for taking action.

Figure 1:Process of Preventing Domestic Violence and Child Marriage

4.1.2 Child marriage:Eight months ago in the Seikhpara village (Ward No. 7), an attempt of child marriage came to the notice of a UP ward member, Md. Haydar Ali, on the day of the wedding. The member immediately informed the President of the UP SC on Women and Children’s Affairs. The SC President decided to inform this to Ms. NazmunNahar, Upazila

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Women Affairs Officer (UWAO) since there was no time to convene a SC meeting to discuss and plan action.

After discussing with the UP chair, theUWAO sent an official team to the area to stop the marriage of the under-age girl. The team after examining the birth registration certificate of Anisa, the bride, a student of Class-8, concludedthat the girl is not of legal marriageable age. The attempt of child marriage on that day was successfully stopped. The whole process was completed quickly, on the wedding day. However, a few months after the first attempt was prevented, the girl was married off under strict secrecy. Anisa’smother disclosed that she was forced to arrange the wedding because poverty made it difficult for the family to maintain the girl, although they are aware that it is wrong to do so. The SC and the office of the UWAO failed to monitor and follow up after the first attempt of this child marriage. On asking the reason the researchers were informed that during this period the previous UWAO was transferred and the new officer was not informed about the matter.

4.2 Education and HealthThe SC on Education and Health at Krishnanagar UP at Kaliganjupazila discussed five issues in its last three meetings, of which they were able to resolve 3 issues. However, the referral to the upazila level, especially required in cases needing the exerting of greater influence, is missing.

Figure 2:Process of Preventing Misbehavior of Health Care Provider and Teacher

4.2.1 Health service provider’s behavior with patients: In Bangladesh the allegation of rough and rude behavior of physicians with patients at public health centers is quite common. In Krishnanagarvillage (Ward No. 5), a CiG member, Mr. Sahidul Islam, who is also a UP SC

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Health Service Providers’

member, came to know about such behavior of the health service provider with the patients in the Union Health and Family Welfare Centre (UHFWC) two months ago. Mr. Sahidul Islam informed this to the President of the SC, Mst. RafizaParveen. Three days later the SC met to discuss the issue and decided to visit the clinic. The next day,Mst. RafizaParveen and SC membersMr. Sahidul Islam and Mr. Abdul Aziz visited the UHFWC. Initially the Health Assistant denied the allegation of non professional behavior reported against him. Under pressure from the SC committee members however he admitted and committed to change his behavior with the patients. The SC has to continue with regular follow up visits in order to ensure that the change in his behavior continues.

4.2.2 Teacher’s misbehavior with girl student:Mukta, a student of class eight at KishanMazdur United Academy and daughter of AsadulTarafdar lives in Sankarpur village (WardNo. 3).One day a teacher at the school behaved badly with her. After this incident she refused to goto school again. A neighbor of Mukta, Mr. Abdul Aziz,also a CiG member who came to know of the matter on the following day, informed the SC chair, Mst. RafizaParveen, about it. The SC discussed it in a meeting and decided to visit the school. The next day,Mr. Sahidul Islam and Mr. Abdul Aziz visited the school. In the presence of the headmaster and the SC members the teacher admitted his mis-behavior in the incident and agreed to the direction of the SC and the headmaster not to repeat such act in future. Both headmaster and the SC will be monitoring the teacher in order to ensure his compliance with the commitment.

4.2.3 Absenteeism of family welfare assistant and primary school teacher: Three schools and two community clinics are being monitored as routine activity of the concerned SC at Bhurulia UP of Shyamnagarupazila. Five issues were discussed in its last three meetings, of which three were resolved successfully. Two notable ones are given below.

There were allegations against a Family Welfare Assistant (FWA) at the UHFWC of being absent from the village of Kachrahati. WhenMst. NilufarZahan, Chair of the concerned SCreceived complaints against her, the issue wasdiscussed in the SC meeting. A few days later, when Mst. NilufarZahan and Sheikh Asmatullah, a member of the SC paid a visit and talked to the Family Welfare Assistant, she didnot respond positively. The SC members decided to place the issue in the UP monthly meeting. The UP accepted the agenda and after discussion the Chairman, Mr. SheikhAnsar Ali, agreed to take the issue to the UZP monthly meeting. The UZP informed the UZP Family Planning Officer who intervened and instructed the Family Welfare Assistant after which she became regular in her duties. Both the upazila officer and UP SC will closely monitor the attendance to avoid recurrence of such absenteeism in future.

The SC made another intervention, in Sirajpur Government Primary School (Ward No. 4). In this school most of the teachers were irregular in class and teaching quality was not satisfactory.AbdusSattar, a CiG and SC memberreceived complaints about it from concerned guardians. Mr. Sattar presented this issue in the SC meeting where a decision was taken to meet the headmaster of the school and discuss the situation with him. A few days later, SC membersMst. NilufarZahan, AbdusSattar and Sheikh Asmatullahvisited the school, met the headmaster and suggested that he ensure improvements in attendance and quality of teaching by the teachers. After the visit of the SC members, the Headmaster became vigilant and the teachers started to be regular in the school and more attentive to their teaching. The SC plans

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to continue monitoring this facility closely to ensure that teachers do not become irregular in the school again.

Figure 3: Process of Resolving Absenteeism of Primary School Teacher and Family Welfare Assistant

4.3 Social Welfare and Disaster Management (SWDM) SCThis committee like the others was formed in 2011 after the UP election. Though this committee was formed per document, the meetings and monitoring activities only started after SDLG intervention. The SDLG training module and methodology impressed and created strong enthusiasm among the SC members to work for the community as per their authority within the legal framework. In the last six months the committee comprising of one member of UP and others members from the CiG forum met three times for discussion. All the SC members are well aware of their responsibilities to work for the community by ensuring delivery of services. They believe that an active role of standing committees can help curb corruption.

The study team has found two interesting instances — one is the action on reconstruction of a Kolbari wooden bridge; and the other is of repair work of a dam that broke down partially at Arpangasia and Durgabati village of Burigoalini union at ShyamnagarUpazila.

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4.3.1 Reconstruction of bridge:Md. Zillur Rahman, a member of the CiG forum and also a member of the Social Welfare and Disaster Management Standing Committee of the UP, found that the connecting road of Kolbari wooden bridge and part of the bridge was breaking apart. He quickly informed the UP Chairman over mobile phone. Sensing the urgency of the situation the Chairman informed the President of the Social Welfare and Disaster Management SC and other members of the Burigoalini UP requesting all to visit the site to assess what needs to be done.

Figure 4: Process of reconstruction of bridge and repairing dam

The President of the SC called an emergency meeting to visit the site and plan necessary intervention for resolving the problem urgently. The committee members decided to seek from UP some immediate measures to stop the road from breaking apart completely.The UP Chairman informed the Upazila Chairman who involved the upazila Project Implementation Officer (PIO) to assist with materials and tools for fixing the road to the bridge on an emergency basis. Local people had already started working to save the connecting road to the bridge with locally available materials. An upazila engineer from the Local Government Engineering Division (LGED) assessed the condition, instructed the relevant units to set up a

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diversion lane by the side of the bridge for a temporary connection. Accordingly, the problem was solvedtemporarily but the standing committee was seeking a permanent solution to this matter. They placed the issue in the next SWDM SC meeting where it was decided to discuss it in UP monthly meeting for further involvement of the UZP to fix the road and the bridge on a permanent basis.

The President of the respective SC raised the issue in UP monthly meeting calling for a permanent solutionbecause the Kolbari bridge and side road was very important for communication and transport in this mostly riverine area. The Chairman took the issue to the Shymnagar UZP monthly meeting and UZP decisions on the matter were made and documented in the meeting minutes. The UZP instructed the UpazilaLGED engineer to initiate construction of a well-structured bridge to resolve the problem permanently. Finally, the new bridge construction work was started. Not only the people of Burigoalini union, but also the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) members placed in Burigoalini area benefited from the bridge. In the last monthly UP meeting (August), the President of the SWDM Standing Committee cited this good example and encouraged other UP members and other SC members to do similar work for the UP and replicate the experience in the future.

4.3.2 Repair of dam: Both the ward members of Arpangasia and Durgabati village (Wards 5 and 6, respectively) after getting information from the community people informed the Burigoalini UP Chairman over mobile phone about the damage to a local dam. On receiving this information the Chairman and other members of Burigoalini UP visited the area to assess the damage and talk to the local residents and encourage them to protect the dam as much as possible with the locally available materials (bamboo, sand bags, brick, etc.). The President of the SWDM SC also convened an emergency meeting and took the decision to inform the UP to take necessary initiatives for the repair of the dam. In an emergency meeting of the council, the Burigoalini UP Chairman took the decision to discuss the issue in the Shymnagar UZP monthly meeting. As the UZP monthly meeting was scheduled soon and there was no time to bring the issue to the concerned UZP SC, the Chairman of Burigoalini UP raised the issue at UZP monthly meeting. The UZP Chairman and members recognized the importance of repairing the dam and worked out a plan to address it immediately. It was decided that every ward of Burigoalini UP would organise 25 persons to work to repair the dam and the funds would be provided from a Test Relief (TR) allocation. The UZP could easily take the decision to disburse a TR allocation to pay for the laborin repairing the dam along the Arpangasia and Durgabati villages because the region is marked as risk prone to river erosion.

The President of the SWDM standing committee introduced a suggestion in the following SC meeting (November 2013) to create an emergency fund to avoid the difficulty of seeking outside funds in emergency situations. All the members of the SC appreciated the suggestion and decided that the committee Chairman would raise this recommendation in the next UP monthly meeting. The UP Chairman and council members accepted the recommendation and all agreed to contribute one-month salary each to create the emergency fund for disaster management. The fund was finally created with the opening of a bank account four month later (March 2014). The initial amount in this fund was only Tk. 15,000. However this is a big achievement for the SWDM and led to a sense of ownership of local issues and their solution by the UP. The SC members again visited the dam site and found that more repair work was

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needed to protect it from further erosion. The President of SWDM SC said that they would discuss the issue and work out their next action regarding this in the following SC meeting.

4.4 Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock At Krishnanagar UP at Kaliganjupazila, the members of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock SC met in two meetings in the last six months. They resolved some local problems without any assistance while in other cases they had to seek assistance of the Kaliganj UZP. Local issues included the use of guti urea fertilizer in vegetable cultivation in a specific area measuring three acres of land. This committee also successfully organized an exhibition for the local farmers on the cultivation of Bina-8 which is a type of salt resistant rice seed for use in areas of increasing soil salinity such as Kaliganjupazila.

Under this section two instances are presented to help understand the role of UP as a council in institutionalizing the good practices of SCs.

4.4.1 Drainage of water-logged area: Farmers of Krishnanagar village faced problems with water logging from heavy rainfall in about 13.5 acres of land where the main crop cultivated is rice paddy (in two rice seasons: Aus and Aman). The CiG members of this area discussed the issue with community people in a court-yard meeting in Ward No. 3. After this the UP member of Ward No. 3 (also President of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock SC) discussed the issue in the SC meeting. On the basis of a consensus decision of the SC the President raised the issue in the Krishnanagar UP monthly meeting.

The SC President also raised the issue in the Union Development Coordination Committee (UDCC) meeting which is attended by the sub-assistant agriculture officer. After discussion in the UDCC meeting it was decided that the pipes unused from previous UP work would be used to remove the water logging. Based on the cost estimation by the Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) of underground boring of the pipes to remove the water, all the affected land owners (of about 13.5 acres) agreed to contribute the total of Tk. 9,000 for the work. The UP Chairman ordered the start of the work of installing the pipes.

However, some people objected to bore pipes under their cultivable land stopping the work. Unable to settle it in the locality, the UP Chairman placed this issue in the UZP monthly meeting where it received due attention. The UZP Chairman assigned the task to the Upazila Agriculture Officer (UAO) to work out a plan to get the pipes installed. Finally, the Chairman and members of the UP, UAO and SAAO visited the area and explained to the local people how this work would benefit all and that boring of pipes would not affect the cultivable land. The work was then completed without any further problem. The SC members also visited the area and discussed the condition of the facilities and the benefits with the affected people.

4.4.2 Removing obstruction from water body:In Roghunathpur village (Wards No. 7 and 8 of Krishnanagar UP), an illegal fish trap was creating water logging when there was heavy rainfall. The villagers tried to solve the problem with the help of the Chairman and elites of the locality. But the beneficiaries from the illegally installed trap refused to remove it from the water course.

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Figure 5: Process of water drainage and obstruction removal from water-body

The Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock SC of Krishnanagar UP discussed up the issue in the SC meeting in June 2014 and made a resolution for the SC President and UP member to bring it up to the UP monthly meeting. The issue was discussed in the UP monthly meeting and incorporated into UP meeting resolution but no local solution was found. Finally, the UP Chairman presented the issue in the UZP monthly meeting. The UZP Chairman and other members of the UZP took a decision to remove the illegal obstruction to the water flow with the assistance of the police. Accordingly, the UZP instructed the UpazilaNirbahi Officer (UNO) to arrange for assistance from the law enforcement agencies. The Krishnanagar UP Chairman, the UNO, the UZP Chairman, Upazila Agriculture Officer and other members of council were present at the site on the day of removal of the water trap. The members of the SC made different follow up visits to ensure that there was no attempt to obstruct the canal again.

4.4.3 Opening channel of the water flow:At Bhurulia UP of ShyamnagarUpazila, the UP Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock SC is actively working along with the citizens through the CiG forum. The committee members met thrice in the last six months since the training

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intervention of SDLG. They discussed some important issues like the processes of agriculture farming in salinity prone areas, methods for different varieties of fish farming, the high yielding rice varieties, and the highly quality source of shrimp fingerlings, etc. There were two instances in which problems were solved with the intervention of the UP and also by UZP involvement for a permanent resolution.

Figure 6: Process of addressing absenteeism of SAAO and removal of dam from water body

In the Ballampur village at Bhurulia union, there was a serious water logging problem from heavy rainfall in around 50 bigha of paddy land. However, the owners of land in which a water drainage canal was to be dug to remove the water logging could not come to a consensus. After 10-15 days, the affected farmers complained about this to the member of Ward No. 2 and sought an amicable solution. The member, who happened to be the President of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock SC of Bhurulia UP, discussed the issue in the following SC meeting and also enlisted it in the UP monthly meeting agenda for discussion. Finally, the Bhurulia UP Chairman and council members took the decision to take charge of digging the canal to maintain normal water flow with assistance from the relevant government officer. After being informed of the UP meeting decision, the SAAO visited the place and organized local people to dig the canal. One and a half months later, the members of SC monitored the site of the canal and found that water logging was gone and water was now flowing unobstructed.

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4.4.4 Absenteeism of SAAO:Previous to the SDLG intervention the SAAO was not regular in attending his office in the UP office complex and also in his assigned field area (Ballampur and Sirajpur Village) of Bhurulia union. The farmers of the area (Ward No. 7) complained this to Mr. AbulKalamSardar, a member of Agriculture SC, who raised it in an SC meeting where a resolution was passed to take up the issue. After 15-16 days, the issue was discussed at the UP monthly meeting. The Bhurulia UP Chairman then discussed it in the Shymnagar UZP monthly meeting. The UZP soon afterwards conveyed the message to the concerned line department official, the UAO, to take appropriate measures as quickly as possible. The UAO took the issue up officially with the SAAO and warned him of dire consequences if he continued his absenteeism at the UP and field level. The warning was effective. The SAAO began regular attendance at the UP Office complex and in his field area. Later, the members of the SC started regular monitoring of the presence of the SAAO at UP office complex.

4.4.5 Removal of dam from water body:There is road side canal at Sirajpur village in Bhurulia union. Some villagers constructed four dams over the public canal for a private aquaculture project. Because of these dams the canal overflowed in the rainy season causing flooding and destroying the rice cultivation on the sides of the canal. The ward member from Ward No. 8 was informed about the issue. He is also the President of the Agriculture SC and he raised the issue for discussion in the following SC meeting held in July 2014. The SC took a resolution to refer the issue to the UP monthly meeting for action.

However the issue was not given importance in the UP monthly meeting. In the meantime, those affected became more vocal and agitation started in the village around the issue. In its next monthly meeting, the UP then took a decision to present it to the UZP meeting for a solution from the relevant government department. The UP Chairman discussed the issue in detail and the UP’s inability to resolve it at the local level. The UZP decided to initiate the process of removing the dams from the canal to ensure smooth water flow. To support this, the UZP decided to disburse the allocated Food for Work fund (80 days program for digging canal excavation at Sirajpur under Ward No. 8) for the labor cost. On the day of the work, the UZP Chairman, the UNO, the UP Chairman, PIO, Upazila Agriculture Officer, the SAAO and the other elite of the locality were present.

After the removal of the dams it was agreed that all the people along the canal can use it for aquaculture. The SC facilitated the formation of a committee (co-operative) consisting of local people to manage this activity. There are about 70-75 members in the committee of the affected people who will maintain and receive benefits of the aquaculture project. Every member contributed to the cost of aquaculture project in this canal for a total of Tk.62,000 which was invested in fish culture. They are expecting a return of Tk.500,000. The members of the SC communicate regularly with the members of this committee to monitor their activities. It was reported that citizens of nearby villages are encouraged by the success of this project and are trying to replicate it in their respective localities.

5. Local Ownership, Sustainability and InstitutionalizationThe research team questioned local union officials on the possible future of activities by the union council, standing committee and government officers after the close of the SDLG project. Will the union and standing committee continue to function to improve services? Will

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government officers conduct the follow up activities to ensure that the results of SC interventions are maintained? The view of elected representatives is quite encouraging.

Local Ownership and Sustainability:G. M. Liakat Ali, the Chairman of BhuruliaUP, was elected in three consecutive times. He recalled that SCs were ineffective before SDLG intervention. He stated that activation of SCs has increased his popularity and that is why UP chairmen will act in their own interest to keep the SCs active. Mr. SheikhAnsar Uddin, Chairman of KrishnanagarUP, expressed a similar opinion and also noted the importance of SDLG training on revenue generation.

The secretary of BurigoaliniUP, BabuDalim Kumar Gharami said that although not all SCs are fully functional yet, other SCs are inspired by activities of SCs where SDLG intervened. (The SDLG project trained members of four of 13 UP standing committees — namely SCs for health, agriculture, women and children affairs, and audit and accounts.)The secretary argued that since citizens are now aware of this kind of practice, SC activities will continue even if the same representatives donot get elected in future. He also mentioned the large increase in revenue can be attributed to the SDLG intervention. In Krishnanagar UP, Secretary Sheikh Kamrul Hossain had similar comments and confirmed that SC meetings, although existing in paper, were not held before.

This field study revealed insights regarding local government and citizen dynamics. SC meetings are held with active participation of the SC members who are gradually engaging in solving various existing community problems and exploring new avenues for community improvement. The number of issues discussed in SC meetingswasfound to be rising.

Institutionalization:Discussion with beneficiaries revealed that the previous practice of seeking help from influential and political figures, though still existing, is gradually being replaced by seeking help from institutional entities like SC of UP or the UP itself. This change is a reflection of citizen trust and confidence placed on such institutions.

As discussed earlier, the research team found several cases where citizens were quite active in informing SCs about various problems. This type of involvement of citizens has increased the level of interaction among UP SC members and government service providers leading to improved government service delivery. This interaction occurs also at the UDCC when SC chairs report on problems identified and request solutions from government service providers that are required to attend.

While councils, standing committees and citizens are seen to be institutionalizing the service improvement processes for the future, the picture is less clear when considering action by government officers. The more SCs try to solve different community problems, the greater the chance of utilizing the “missing link” to the upazila level. UP level SCs will forward unresolved issues through the UP Chair to the UpazilaParishad which has authority to ensure upazila government officers from line ministries resolve local level problems.

There is unrealized potential to replicate the process for SC activation across the country. The actions of donors like USAID and of government can support the work of SCs once activated. Gains of SC interventions can be sustained and institutionalized by linking with other USAID

17

and other donor-funded projects. In addition, LGU level SCs and the upazila level ministerial committees working in the same areas can coordinate to avoid duplication and reduce numbers of non-functioning committees.

5.1 Benefits of Standing Committees to Other Donor Sector Projects Often different USAID projects are operational in same area. Two other USAID projects were found to be active in the SDLG intervention unions with the opportunities for collaboration contributing to each project’s objective.

In Krishnanagar union, the Agricultural Extension Project implemented by Dhaka AhsaniaMission (DAM) is attempting to create a platform between SAAO and farmer producer group, and between farmer producer group and input seller. The DAM officer said he has plans to work with the SC but has had limited interaction with the UP SC till date after attending SDLG training.

In Burigoalini union, the Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) project implemented by Winrock International at field level has an indirect linkage with the SDLG project. The main objectives of CREL project are to ensure natural resource management, disaster management, and develop alternative livelihoods for local people who are directly reliant on mangrove forests. Several members of CREL’s co-management committee (CMC) for natural resources are citizens trained by the SDLG project who are active in local standing committees. The CREL project officials said that due to theSDLG trainings the CMC members of this particular union are more vocal, informed and aware of their rights in the local government system compared to CMC members of other unions.

The CREL officer said the implementation of CREL project was easier with assistance from the SC after SDLG intervention.

Other USAID projects collaborating with SDLG partners including the NGO Health Service Delivery Project and Mayer Hashi-II Project were not found operational in the study area of Satkhira.

5.2 Coordination of Standing Committees with Ministerial Committees at Upazila LevelAt the upazila level, there are many committees formed under order from different ministries or directorates. However, many were found to be non-functional, confined to a plethora of meetings where many of the members are unable to attend. No examples were found of coordination of these ministry committees with union standing committees, but several upazila government officers recognized the value of information collected by these union committees. The following sections describe committees formed at the upazila and union level under ministry or directorate orders.

18

“CMC members of this union are more vocal, informed and aware compared to CMC of other unions, thanks to SDLG training.”

—G. M. Morshed Alam Siddiqui, Site Officer, CREL Project, Shyamnagar, Satkhira

Ministry of Women and Children’s Affairs:At the upazilalevel, three committees are found ordered by this Ministry:

• Women and Child Torture Prevention Committee (Nari O SishuNirjatan Protirodh Committee ), which sits monthly;

• Human Trafficking Prevention Committee1 (Manab Pachar Protirodh Committee), which sits quarterly;and

• Dowry and Child Marriage Prevention Committee (Joutuk and Balyabibah Protirodh Committee ).

Discussion with the UWAO revealed that these committees are not functioningproperly and have very limited interaction with UP SCs. The officer argued that ensuring proper functioning of the committeescontinues to be a major problem because of too many committees. He suggested that the UP SCs, if activated properly,can alone play major role in settling family disputes and preventing gender-based violence.

Ministry of Primary and Mass Education: At the upazila level, three committees are found:

• Upazila Education Committee, which sits monthly;

• Task Force Committee, which meetsannually; and

• Book Distribution Committee.

The Upazila Education Officer (UEO) reported that the committees have limited interaction with local level SC and concentrate on proper implementation of annual final exam in school, approval of School Management Committee members, adjustment of furniture in different schools and book distribution. The officer said that UP level SCs could significantly reduce absenteeism of teachers at school through regular monitoring and reporting directly to the upazila education office.

Directorate of Health and Family Welfare: At the upazila level, two committees are found:

• Upazila Health Development Management Committee, to be held monthly but the committee is not yet formed; and

• Disaster Management and HealthCommittee.

The Upazila Health & Family Planning Officer (UHFPO) reported that the responsibilities of these committees do not overlap with the ones existing at UP level and these committees rarely interact. The officer expressed his optimism saying UP SC activities are as a source of useful information regarding health service delivery at union level.

19

1 There is another committee having similar name and functionality at union level, which is under Ministry of Home Affairs.

“A functioning UP SC can play major role in family conflict resolution and preventing gender based violence.”

—Md. Saidul Islam, UWAO, Shyamnagar, Satkhira

Directorate of Family Planning:At the upazila level, two committees exist that meet monthly:

• Upazila Family Planning Committee, and

• Maternal & Child Health Committee

The Upazila Family Planning Officer (UFPO) said that at the union level a Directorate order has established a Union Family Planning Committee to meet monthly with UP chair as the president and Family Planning Inspector as the member secretary. These committees usually focus on maternal and child health, nutrition, promotion of family planning methods, etc. However, interaction of these committees with UP SC is very limited. The officer acknowledged that the UP SC is playing a good role in promoting family planning methods at union level and this should be promoted and linked with the other committees.

Ministry of Agriculture:At the upazila level, there are four ministerial committees:

• Upazila Fertilizer and Seed Monitoring Committee,

• Irrigation Facilitation Committee,

• Agriculture Credit Committee, and

• Rehabilitation and Implementation Committee.

These committees meet once every six months. The UAO opined that they have no direct connection and interaction with the union level SC but that UDCC meetings at the union level have some scope to channel information from the union to upazila level.

Ministry of Disaster Management:At the upazila level, two ministerial committees are found for disaster management:

• Disaster Management Committee and

• Implementing Committees formed at the time of implementationfor disaster related projects like Food for Work (FFW), Test Relief (TR), Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF), Employment Generation for Ultra Poor (EGUP), Money for Work, etc.

There are also two ministerial committees on disaster managementat the union level to link with the upazila committees to provide faster response in times of disaster.

6. Conclusion and Way ForwardThe field study clearly reveals that strengthening the UP level SCs through SDLG project has resulted in quite promising results. In particular, the successes in preventing violence against women and children, lessening absenteeism of health and agricultural workers, protecting agricultural land from water logging and tidal water in coastal areas, and resolution of community level disputes have been encouraging not only for SCs themselves which were

20

“UP SC can play vital role in reducing teacher absenteeism.” —Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, UEO, Kaliganj, Satkhira“UP SC can be useful source of information regarding health service delivery at the union level.”

— Dr. AbulKalam Azad, UHFPO, Kaliganj, Satkhira.“UP SC is doing very well in promoting family planning methods.”

— Dr. Aronnon Kumar Banarjee, Assistant Upazila Health & Family Planning Officer

largely dysfunctional before, but also for other UPs which can take lessons from this innovative approach.

However, the SCs also need to remain within the provisions described in the law and act through reporting to the respective UZP or government departments. Actions are needed to be taken by the government departments along with regular monitoring and review so that the same unwanted events are not repeated with regular flow of information from the SCs. At the upazila level, there are too many committees formed under ministry directives requiring too many meetings and with actions uncoordinated with the UP SCs. These committees may be minimized in number and coordinated more effectively with the UP SCs to create better results.

Thus, we suggest the following recommendations to support local ownership, sustainability and institutionalization, and wider replication of the good practices.

• Encourage SCs to forward unresolved issues to upazila level. Greater interaction among SC members and upazila level officers should be promoted. It was found that in many cases SCs are unable to solve problems by themselves but not forward such issues to upazila level.

• Urge sector projects to work with UP SCs. This step may make achieving the project’s goal easier and will also support UP SC functioning.

• Promote greater interaction among ministry committees at upazila and union levels and UP SCs.UP SCs can be a very useful source of information regarding service delivery of union level government staff.

• Increasefollow up monitoring activities by upazila level officerson previousinterventions.This is required to ensure sustainability of solutions resulting from SC or upazila level officer interventions.

• Increase follow up monitoring activities by SCs on previous interventions for reasons stated above.

• Replicate the process of standing committee activation through training in other unions and introduce regular monitoring of government service providers. Initiatives by the SCs can enhance the community’s trust and confidence in the UP body and the SCs’ own sustainability.

21

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03

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04

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05

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Zvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa Ges RbM‡Yi my¯úó aviYv wQj bv| G Kvi‡Y AvBbx wewa-weavb Ges

eva¨-evaKZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I ¯’vqx KwgwU wQj AKvh©Ki| Z‡e wKQz wba©vwiZ A‡j GmwWGjwR cÖKí ¯’vqx

KwgwU‡K m¤ú„³ Kivi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡”Q|

ch©‡eÿY Kvhv©ejxi c‡ig~jZ `yÕwU Dcvq ¯’vqx KwgwU ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †mevi gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Z

cv‡i| cÖ_gZ, ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M mgvavb Kiv| wØZxqZ, ¯’vqx KwgwU welqwU

BDwc gvwmK mfvq Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e Ges h_vh_ e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ BDwc †Pqvig¨vb welqwU Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi

¯’vqx KwgwUi Kv‡Q cvVv‡eb A_ev gvwmK Dc‡Rjv mfvq welqwU DÌvcb Ki‡eb| Gici Dc‡Rjv cwil`

welqwU mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mswkøó wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v‡`i `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©viv BDwbqb

ch©v‡q Kg©KZv©‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g †mev gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GmwWGjwR BDwc ¯’vqx

KwgwU Ges BDwc I Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`imwµq f‚wgKvi gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb DbœZxKi‡Yi Gme cÖwµqv‡K Kvh©Ki

Ges cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc †`Iqvi †Póv Ki‡Q| wØZxq c×wZwU wKQz ‡ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ n‡jI e¨vcKfv‡e Gi PP©v ‡bB|

4.1 cvwievwiK we‡iva wbimb Ges bvix I wkï welqK ¯’vqx KwgwU

2012 mv‡j GmwWGjwR cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjvi eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwcÕi GB ̄ ’vqx KwgwU mwµqfv‡e

Zv‡`i Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i, hw`I D³ KwgwU ZviI A‡bK Av‡M cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq mvaviYZ

4-5wU welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| me©‡kl wZbwU mfvq 15wU welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j GKRb

BDwc m`m¨ M‡elYv `j‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb Ges ¯’vqx KwgwU G welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 5wU wel‡qi mgvavb Ki‡Z mÿg

n‡q‡Q| GB ¯’vqx KwgwUi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨ nj GwU †hme wel‡q c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Q cÖwZ wZbgvm AšÍi

†m¸‡jvi d‡jvAvc K‡i|

4.1.1 cvwievwiK mwnsmZv: dviæK I kvmgybœvnvi `¤úwZ GKeQi Av‡M `vwZbvLvwj (IqvW© 7) MÖv‡g emevm

KiZ| kvmgybœvnv‡ii Mv‡qi is Kv‡jv nevi Kvi‡Y Zvi ¯^vgx I k¦ïievoxi m`m¨iv Zv‡K cÖvqB wbhv©Zb KiZ|

wZwb GKwU mÂq `‡ji m`m¨ wQ‡jb, †hLv‡b Av‡iKRb m`m¨ wQ‡jb bvwM©m Av³vi, whwb n‡”Qb wmAvBwR

†dviv‡giI m`m¨v| bvwM©m Av³vi G wbh©vZ‡bi welqwU ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ †gvmv¤§Z mvwRqv LvZzb‡K

Rvbvb| ¯’vqx KwgwUi cieZ©x mfvq D³ welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci wm×všÍ ‡bq | ¯’vqx KwgwUi

m`m¨ bvwM©m Av³vi Ges †gvmv. mvwRqv LvZzb kvgmybœvnv‡ii evox‡Z wM‡q wbh©vZb bv Kivi Rb¨ dviæK‡K mZK©

K‡ib| dviæK I Zvi cwievi kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb eÜ bv Ki‡j dviæ‡Ki weiæ‡× bvix wbh©vZb AvB‡b

gvgjv `v‡qi Kivi ûgwK †`Iqv nq| G NUbvi ci kvgmybœvnv‡ii Dci dviæK I Zvi cwiev‡ii wbh©vZb eÜ

nq| GiciG ai‡bi mwnsmZv †iv‡ai Rb¨ kvgmybœvnvi MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ gwnjv‡`i‡KI ¯’vqx KwgwUi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨

PvIqvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡ib| G ai‡Yi wbh©vZ‡bi cybive„wË †iv‡a ¯’vqx KwgwUi d‡jvAvc Kvh©µg ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Z‡e G ai‡bi mgm¨v Dc‡Rjv gwnjv welqK Kg©KZ©v‡K AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡kxj Kg©KZ©v

wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY, d‡jvAvc Kvh©µg Ges c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU bvix wbh©vZ‡bi

welqwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i BDwc I Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i gva¨‡g A_ev mivmwi Dc‡Rjv bvix welqK Kg©KZv©i Kv‡Q

wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ 1: cvwievwiK mwnsmZv I evj¨ weevn cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖwµqv

4.1.2 evj¨ weevn: AvU gvm Av‡M †kLcvov MÖv‡g (IqvW© 7) GKwU evj¨weev‡ni Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| H MÖv‡gi

BDwc IqvW© †g¤^vi †gv: nvq`vi Avjx G LeiwU cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ‡K Rvbvb| †h‡nZz

¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq welqwU DÌvcb I mgvav‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó mgq wQj bv, ZvB ¯’vqx KwgwUi †cÖwm‡W›U ˆeVK

QvovB AbwZwej‡¤^ G LeiwU Dc‡Rjv bvix welqK Kg©KZ©v †gvm¤§Z bvRgybœvnvi‡K Rvbvb|

BDwc †Pqv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi ci Dc‡Rjv bvix welqK Kg©KZ©v NUbv¯’j cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ GKwU `j †cÖiY

K‡ib| D³ `jwU Aóg †kÖYxi wkÿv_©x Avwbmvi Rb¥ wbeÜb cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z cvq Avwbmv AvBbMZfv‡e

we‡qi Rb¨ cÖv¯Íeq¯‹ bq| Gici H evj¨weevnwU eÜ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|we‡qi w`b Lye `ªæZMwZ‡Z D³ welqwUi

mgvavb n‡qwQj| Z‡e, AwZ m¤úªwZ K‡Vvi †MvcbxqZvi ga¨ w`‡q †g‡qwUi we‡q n‡q hvq| Avwbmvi gv‡qi mv‡_

K_v e‡j Rvbv hvq, Zvi B”Qvi weiæ‡× we‡qi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| cwieviwUi Pig `vwi`ª¨B †g‡q‡K evj¨weevn w`‡Z

06

eva¨ K‡i‡Q, hw`I Zviv RvbZ GUv wVK bq| GQvovI Avwbmvi evj¨weev‡ni welqwU ¯’vqx KwgwU I Dc‡Rjv

ch©v‡qi Awdmvi KZ©„K d‡jvAvc Kiv nqwb| hvi d‡j ¯’vqx KwgwUi n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci Kvi‡Y †h evj¨weevnwU Av‡M

†iva Kiv n‡qwQj †mwU cieZx©‡Z Avi m¤¢e nqwb| G e¨_©Zvi KviY wn‡m‡e M‡elYv `j‡K ejv nq †h, D³

mg‡q Dc‡Rjv bvix welqK Kg©KZ©v e`wj nb Ges bZzb Kg©KZ©v welqwU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Zb bv| ¯’vqx KwgwUI G

welqwUi ch©‡eÿY Ae¨vnZ iv‡L bvB|

4.2 wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨

KvwjMÄ Dc‡Rjvi K…òbMi BDwbq‡bi wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨ welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi me©‡kl 3wU mfvq 5wU welq wb‡q

Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| G cuvPwU wel‡qi †fZi 3wU wel‡qi myivnv n‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q

¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jI †mUv Kiv m¤¢e nq bvB| Z‡e AwaKZi cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi mv‡_ †h †hvMm~Î

¯’vwcZ nq Zv GLv‡b Abycw¯’Z|

4.2.1 †ivMx‡`i mv‡_ wPwKrm‡Ki e¨envi: evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª †ivMx‡`i mv‡_ wPwKrmK‡`i

`ye©¨envi Awf‡hvM LyeB cÖPwjZ GKwU welq| `yÕgvm Av‡M kwn`yj Bmjvg bv‡gi GK wmAvBwR m`m¨, whwb

GKB mv‡_ ¯’vqx KwgwUiI m`m¨, BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY‡K‡›`ª †ivMx‡`i mv‡_ wPwKrm‡Ki `ye©¨env‡ii

welqwU Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| knx`yj Bmjvg D³ welqwU ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ †gvmv: ivwdRv cvifxb‡K AewnZ

K‡ib| wZbw`b ci D³ wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi mfv AbywôZ nq Ges ̄ ^v¯’¨ †K›`ª cwi`k©‡bi wm×všÍ

nq| †gvmv: ivwdRv cvifxb `yÕRb ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ knx`yj Bmjvg Ges Avãyj AvwRR‡K wb‡q ciw`b ¯^v¯’¨

I cwievi Kj¨vY †K‡›`ª hvb| Awfhy³ wPwKrmK cÖ_‡g Awf‡hvM A¯^xKvi Ki‡jI †kl ch©šÍ Zvi †`vl ¯^xKvi

K‡i Ges cieZx©‡Z †ivMx‡`i mv‡_ `ye©¨envi Ki‡eb bv e‡j A½xKvi K‡ib | wPwKrmK †hb `ye©¨envi bv K‡i

†mwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z ¯’vqx KwgwU‡Z wbqwgZ d‡jvAvc Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ 2: wkÿK Ges wPwKrm‡Ki `ye¨©envi cÖwZ‡iva cÖwµqv

07

4.2.2 QvÎxi mv‡_ wkÿ‡Ki A‡kvfb AvPiY: ksKicyi MÖv‡gi (IqvW© bs 3) Avmv`yj Zid`v‡ii †g‡q gy³v

wKlvb gRyi BDbvB‡UW GKv‡Wwgi 8g †kÖYxi QvÎx| GKw`b GKRb wkÿK gy³vi mv‡_ `ye©¨envi K‡i, hvi

Kvi‡Y †m ciw`b ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| gy³vi GK cÖwZ‡ekx wmAvBwR m`m¨ Avãyj AvwRR welqwU

Rvbvi ci ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ †gvmv: ivwdRv cvifxb‡K AewnZ K‡ib| ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq D³ wel‡q

Av‡jvPbv nq Ges ciw`b knx`yj Bmjvg I Avãyj AvwRR ¯‹z‡j hvb| cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z D³ wkÿK

Awf‡hvM ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges fwel¨‡Z Ggb NUbvi cybive„wË n‡e bv e‡j cÖwZkÖæwZ †`b| D³ wkÿK cÖwZkÖwZ

†g‡b P‡jb wKbv †mUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖavb wkÿK I ¯’vqx KwgwU wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb e‡j Rvbvb nq|

4.2.3 Kg©¯’‡j cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wkÿK Ges cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvixi Abycw¯’wZ: k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjvi

fziæwjqv BDwcÕi ¯’vqx KwgwU wbqwgZ Kvh©µg wn‡m‡e wZbwU ¯‹z‡j I 2wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ch©e‡ÿY K‡i|

me©‡kl 3wU mfvq 5wU welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nq, hvi †fZi 3wU wel‡qi mgvavb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ 2wU

NUbvi weeiY wb‡P Av‡jvPb Kiv nj|

wPÎ 3: we`¨vj‡q wkÿ‡Ki I mnKvix cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©vi Kg©¯’‡j Abycw¯’wZ e‡Üi cÖwµqv

KvPivnvwU MÖv‡g GK cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvixi weiæ‡× Abycw¯’wZi Awf‡hvM cvIqv hvq| mswkøó ¯’vqx KwgwUi

†Pqvi †gvmv: wbjydv Rvnvb welqwU Rvbvi ci cieZx© mfvq †mUv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Gi wKQzw`b ci †gvmv:

wbjydvi Rvnvb ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ †kL AvmgZ Djøvn‡K wb‡q cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvixi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb, wKš‘

Awfhy³ mnKvix Avkvbyiƒc mvov †`bwb| Gici ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv welqwU BDwc gvwmK mfvq DÌvc‡bi

wm×všÍ †bb| Dc‡Rjv cwil` Av‡jvP¨m~Px MÖnY K‡i Ges BDwc †Pqvig¨vb †kL Avbmvi Avjx cieZx© Dc‡Rjv

cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq welqwU DÌvcb Ki‡eb e‡j Avk^vm †`b| Dc‡Rjv cwil` mswkøó cwievi cwiKíbv

08

Kg©KZ©v‡K welqwU Rvbv‡bvi ci wZwb G‡ÿ‡Î n¯Í‡ÿc K‡ib Ges cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix‡K wb‡`©kbv †`b|

Gici †_‡K cwievi Kj¨vY mnKvix wbqwgZ Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K| fwel¨‡Z G ai‡bi Abycw¯’wZi

cybive„wË †hb bv nq †mRb¨ Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©v Ges BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU DfqB Dcw¯’wZi welqwU ch©‡eÿY Ki‡e|

wmivRcyi miKvix cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi (IqvW© 4) GKwU NUbvqI ̄ ’vqx KwgwU n¯Í‡ÿc K‡i| D³ ̄ ‹z‡ji wkÿKiv

wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kbb bv Ges Zv‡`i wkÿv`v‡bi gvbI m‡šÍvlRbK wQjbv| AwffveKiv G e¨vcv‡i wmAvBwR

I ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ Avãym mvËv‡ii wbKU Awf‡hvM K‡ib| Rbve mvËvi G welqwU ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi mfvq DÌvcb

K‡ib †hLv‡b Zviv cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| Gi wKQzw`b ci ¯’vqx KwgwUi wZbRb

m`m¨- †gvmv: wbjydvi Rvnvb, Avãym mvËvi Ges †kL AvmgZ Djøvn ̄ ‹zj cwi`k©‡b hvb Ges cÖavb wkÿK ̄ ‹z‡ji

wkÿK‡`i Dcw¯’wZ Ges Zv‡`i wkÿv`v‡bi gvb Dbœqb Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| GB cwi`k©‡Yi ci cÖavb wkÿK

mRvM nb Ges ¯‹z‡ji wkÿKiv wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z nb Ges cvV`v‡b hZœkxj nb| wkÿK‡`i ¯‹z‡j wbqwgZ

Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vqx KwgwU Zv‡`i ch©‡eÿY Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq|

4.3 mgvR Kj¨vY Ges `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU

Ab¨vb¨ KwgwUi gZ G KwgwUI 2011 mv‡ji BDwc wbe©vP‡bi ci cÖwZwôZ nq| KvM‡R Kj‡g G KwgwU MwVZ

n‡jI, G KwgwUi mfv Ges ch©‡eÿY Kvh©µg ïiæ nq GmwWGjwR cÖK‡íi ci| GmwWGjwRÕi cÖwkÿY gwWDj

¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨‡`i‡K AvBbx KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq †_‡K Zv‡`i ÿgZv e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i|

GKRb BDwc †g¤^vi Ges wmAvBwR †dviv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ †g¤^vi wb‡q MwVZ KwgwU weMZ Qq gv‡mi †fZi wZb evi

Av‡jvPbvq e‡mb| †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g KwgwUi mKj m`m¨B Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ m‡PZbZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zviv

wek^vm K‡ib ¯’vqx KwgwUi mwµq f‚wgKv `yb©xwZ Kgv‡Z mnvqK|

÷vwW wUg `yÕwU `„óvšÍ †c‡q‡Q Ñ GKwU nj †Kvjevox Kv‡Vi †mZzi mv‡_ mshy³ aŸ‡m hvIqv †mZzi cybwb©gvY;

Ges Av‡iKwU nj eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z Avicv½vwmqv I `yM©vevwU MÖv‡gi †f‡½ hvIqv euva †givgZ|

4.3.1 †mZz cybtwb©gvY : wmAvBwR †dvivg Ges `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I mgvR Kj¨vY ¯’vqx KwgwUi GKRb m`m¨

†gv: wRjøyi ingvb †Kvjevox mshy³ iv¯Ívi AvswkK †f‡½ cov †mZzwU †`Lvi ci AbwZwej‡¤^ BDwc †Pqvig¨vb‡K

†gvevBj †dv‡b welqwU Rvbvb| welqwU ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i †Pqvig¨vb `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I mgvR Kj¨vY ¯’vqx

KwgwUi mfvcwZ Ges eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwcÕi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wbiƒc‡Y D³ ¯’v‡b

cwi`k©‡bi Aby‡iva Rvbvb|

¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ NUbv¯’‡j hvevi Rb¨ Riæwi mfvi Zje K‡ib Ges RiæwiwfwˇZ mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿ‡ci cwiKíbv K‡ib| KwgwUi m`m¨iv iv¯Ív m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †f‡½ cov †VKv‡Z BDwbqb cwil‡`i

Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvIqvi wm×všÍ †bb| Riæwi wfwˇZ †mZzi mv‡_ mshy³ iv¯Ív †givg‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY

†hvMvb w`‡Z BDwc †Pqvig¨vb Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨v‡bi wbKU Aby‡iva Rvbvb whwb cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kg©KZ©v‡K G

welqwUi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡ib| GiB g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq RbMY ¯’vbxqfv‡e DcKiY msMÖn K‡i †givgZ KvR kyiæ K‡i

†`q| ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj wefv‡Mi GKRb cÖ‡KŠkjx cwiw¯’wZ wbiƒcY K‡i mswkøó BDwbU‡K A¯’vqx

ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †mZzi cv‡k GKwU weKí iv¯Ív ˆZwii wb‡`©k †`b| Gi d‡j G mgm¨vi GKwU AvcvZ mgvavb

nq| wKš‘ ¯’vqx KwgwU GKwU ¯’vqx mgvavb Pvw”Qj| cieZx©‡Z Zviv GmWweøDwWGg ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq welqwU

DÌvwcZ nq Ges G mgm¨vi ¯’vqx mgvavbK‡í Dc‡Rjv cwil`‡K m¤ú„³ Kivi Rb¨ welqwU BDwbqb cwil‡`i

gvwmK mfvq DÌvc‡bi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq|

09

Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq †ck K‡ib Ges G wel‡q †hme wm×všÍ †bqv nq †m¸‡jv mfvi Kvh©weeiYx‡Z

wjwce× nq| Dc‡Rjv cwil` mswkøó GjwRBwW cÖ‡KŠkjx‡K †givgZ KvR ïiæ Kivi wb‡`©kbv †`b| Ae‡k‡l,

byZb †mZz wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïiæ nq| ïaygvÎ eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwbq‡bi bvMwiKiv bq, wewRwe m`m¨ivI D³ †mZzi

gva¨‡g DcK…Z n‡”Q| me©‡kl BDwc gvwmK mfvq GmWweøDwWGg ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ G D`vniYwU DÌvcY

K‡ib Ges Ab¨vb¨ BDwc m`m¨ I ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨‡`i Abyiƒc KvR Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡ib|

wPÎ 4: †mZz cybtwbg©vY Ges evua †givgZ cÖwµqv

4.3.2 euva †givgZ: Rbe‡ji KvQ †_‡K ¯’vbxq euva fvOvi Lie cvIqvi ciciB AvicvsMvwmqv Ges `yM©vevwU

MÖv‡gi (IqvW© 5 Ges 6) IqvW© †g¤^viMY eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwc †Pqvig¨vb‡K †gvevB‡j welqwU Rvbvb| †Pqvig¨vb

BDwcÕi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i wb‡q NUbv¯’j cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges euvawU iÿv Ki‡Z ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K DrmvwnZ

K‡ib| GmWweøDwWGg ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi †cÖwm‡W›U Riæwi mfvi Zje K‡ib Ges BDwci gva¨‡g euva †givg‡Zi Rb¨

c‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq| cwil‡`i Riæwi mfvq eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwc †Pqvig¨vb euv‡ai

welqwU wb‡q k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjv gvwmK mfvq Av‡jvPbvi wm×všÍ †bb| †h‡nZz Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`igvwmK mfv

mwbœK‡U wQj Ges mswkøó Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwU‡K welqwU Rvbv‡bvi h‡_ó mgq wQjbv, †m‡nZz

eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwcÕi †Pqvig¨vbB †mwU Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq DÌvcb K‡ib| Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i

†Pqvig¨vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨MY welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i euva †givg‡Zi GKwU cwiKíbv ˆZwi K‡ib|

10

mfvq eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwcÕi cÖwZwU IqvW© †_‡K 25 Rb †jvK‡K euva †givg‡Zi Rb¨ msMwVZ Kivi wm×všÍ

‡bIqv nq| †givgZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wUAvi Znwej †_‡K eivÏ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e e‡j wm×všÍ †bIqv nq|

AvicvsMvwmqv I `yM©vevwU MÖvg b`xfvOb cÖeY nIqvi Kvi‡Y G `yÕwU GjvKvq †hme kÖwgK euva †givg‡Zi KvR

Ki‡eb Zv‡`i Rb¨ wUAvi Znwej LiP Kivi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq|

b‡f¤^i 2013 mv‡j AbywôZ ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq GmWweøDwWGg ÑGi mfvcwZ Riæwi Ae¯’vq Znwej msMÖ‡ni

Amyweav Gov‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU Riæwi Znwej MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve †`b| ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi mKj m`m¨ G cÖ¯Ív‡e m¤§wZ Ávcb

K‡ib Ges KwgwU mfvcwZ cÖ¯ÍvewU cieZx© BDwc gvwmK mfvq DÌvcb Ki‡eb e‡j wm×všÍ †bIqv nq| BDwc

†Pqvig¨vb Ges KvDwÝji m`m¨ivI G cÖ¯ÍvewU MÖnY K‡ib Ges `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Zviv Zv‡`i GKgv‡mi

†eZb w`‡q GKwU Riæwi Znwej MV‡bi wm×všÍ †bb| G ZnwejwU Pvigvm ci e¨vsK A¨vKvD‡›Ui gva¨‡g MVb

Kiv nq (gvP©, 2014) Ges Znwe‡ji cÖv_wgK cwigvY wQj 15,000 UvKv| Z‡e GwU wQj GmWweøDGgwW ¯’vqx

KwgwUi GKwU eo AR©b Ges ¯’vbxq mgm¨v BDwbqb cwil` KZ©„K mgvav‡bi GKwU D`vniY| ¯’vqx KwgwUi

m`m¨iv AviI GKevi euva cwi`k©‡Y hvb Ges euv‡ai ÿq †iva Kivi Rb¨ AviI †givg‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe

K‡ib| GmWweøDGg ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ cieZx© ̄ ’vqx KwgwU mfvq G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡qvbxq c`‡ÿc

MÖnY Kiv n‡e e‡j Rvbvb|

4.4 K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú`

KvwjMÄ Dc‡Rjvi K…òbMi BDwci K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv MZ Qqgv‡m 2 evi

mfvq wgwjZ n‡q‡Qb| Zviv †Kvb mn‡hvwMZv Qvov wKQz mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡jI wKQz †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i‡K KvwjMÄ

Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i mnvqZv wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq wel‡qi †fZi AšÍf©~³ wQj wbw`©ó wZb GKi Rwg‡Z kvKmewR

Pv‡l ¸wU BDwiqv mv‡ii e¨envi| D³ KwgwU ¯’vbxq K…lK‡`i Rb¨ jeYv³Zvmwnòz avb exR exYvÑ8 Gi Dci

GKwU cÖ`k©Yxi Av‡qvRb K‡i| D‡jøL¨, G cÖRvwZi avb exR KvwjMÄ Dc‡Rjvi gZ †h me A‡j gvwUi

jeYv³Zv †ewk †mLv‡b e¨eüZ nq|

G As‡k ¯’vqx KwgwUi fvj cÖvwZôvwbKxKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cwil` wn‡m‡e BDwcÕi f‚wgKv †evSvi Rb¨ `yÕwU `„óvšÍ

DÌvcb Kiv nj|

4.4.1 Rjve× GjvKvi cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v: K…òbMi MÖv‡gi K…lKiv AvDm I Avgb avb Pv‡li 13.5 GKi

Rwg‡Z fvix e„wói Kvi‡Y m„ó Rjve×Zvi m¤§yLxb nb| GjvKvi wmAvBwR m`m¨iv G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z

IqvW© bs 3 Gi mvaviY gvbylR‡bi mv‡_ GKwU DVvb ˆeVK K‡ib| Gici IqvW© bs 3-Gi BDwc †g¤^vi (whwb

GKB mv‡_ K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ) G wel‡q ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq Av‡jvPbv

K‡ib| G wel‡q ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨‡`i HK¨g‡Z¨i wfwˇZ KwgwUi mfvcwZ KZ©„K K…òbMi BDwc gvwmK

mfvq DÌvcb K‡ib|

¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ welqwU BDwbqb Dbœqb mgš^q KwgwUi (BDwWwmwm) mfvqI DÌvcY K‡ib †hLv‡b

Dc-mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| BDwWwmwm mfvq Av‡jvPbvi ci BDwcÕi Ae¨eüZ wKQz cvBc cvwb

wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kivi wm×všÍ †bIqv nq| cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ Dc-mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v (GmGGI)

KZ…©K cÖv°wjZ Li‡Pi Dci wfwË K‡i ÿwZMÖ¯’ Rwgi gvwjKiv 9,000 UvKv w`‡Z m¤§Z nq| BDwc †Pqvg¨vb

cvBc emv‡bvi KvR ïiæ Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| Z‡e, wKQz †jvK Zv‡`i Avev`x Rwg‡Z cvBc Lb‡bi Kv‡R AvcwË

Rvbvb hvi d‡j KvR eÜ n‡q hvq| ¯’vbxqfv‡e wb®úwË Ki‡Z bv †c‡i BDwc †Pqvig¨vb welqwU Dc‡Rjv

cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq DÌvcY K‡ib| Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb cvBc emv‡Z GKwU cwiKíbv ˆZwii `vwqZ¡

Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©vi Dci b¨¯Í K‡ib| me‡k‡l, †Pqvig¨vb, BDwcÕi m`m¨e„b`&, Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©v Ges

Dc-mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v NUbv¯’j cwi`k©Y K‡ib Ges cvBc Lb‡b mevB wKfv‡e DcK…Z Ges GwU KviI

11

Avev`x Rwg‡Z ÿwZ Ki‡e bv †mwU Zviv ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K e¨vL¨v K‡ib| Gici †Kvb mgm¨v QvovB cy‡iv KvRwU

m¤úbœ nq| ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ivI D³ GjvKv cwi`k©Y K‡ib Ges ÿwZMÖ¯’ e¨w³‡`i mv‡_ my‡hvM-myweavi kZ©

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|

wPÎ 5: cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v Ges Rjvkq †_‡K cÖwZeÜKZv AcmviY

4.4.2 Rjvkq n‡Z cÖwZeÜKZv AcmviY: iNybv_cyi MÖv‡g (K…òbMi BDwcÕi 7 Ges 8bs IqvW©) cÖej el©‡Y

Rjvk‡q A‰ea gv‡Qi duv` _vKvq Rjve×Zvi m„wó nq| MÖvgevmxiv mgm¨vwU †Pqvig¨vb Ges ¯’vbxq MY¨gvb¨

e¨w³‡`i gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ hviv A‰eafv‡e gv‡Qi duv` ewm‡q‡Q, Zviv cvwb cÖevn †_‡K †mwU

AcmviY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq|

2014 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡mi K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq welqwU wb‡q AvjvPbv Kiv nq Ges

¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ Ges BDwc m`m¨ KZ…©K cieZx© BDwc gvwmK mfvq G welqwU Dc¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ †bIqv

nq| BDwcÕi gvwmK mfvq G mgm¨vwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Ges †mwU BDwc mfvi Kvh©weeiYx‡Z AšÍf©~³ Kiv

nq, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I ¯’vbxqfv‡e †Kvb mgvavb nqwb|

12

wPÎ 6: SAAOGi Abycw¯’wZ wPwýZKiY cÖwµqv Ges Rjvkq †_‡K euva AcmviY

me‡k©‡l, BDwc †Pqvig¨vb mgm¨vwU Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq DÌvcY K‡ib| Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i

†Pqvig¨vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨iv cywjwk mnvqZvq cvwb cÖev‡ni A‰ea cÖwZeÜKZv Acmvi‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq| G

Abymv‡i, Dc‡Rjv cwil` BDGbI-†K AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms¯’v¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨i e¨e¯’v Kivi wb‡`©k †`b|

cÖwZe×KZv Acmvi‡Yi w`b K…òbMi BDwc †Pqvig¨vb, Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb, Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©v Ges

KvDw݇ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ivI Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Rjvk‡qi †fZi †hb Avevi †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó bv nq, †mRb¨

¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv NUbv¯’j wbqwgZ cwi`k©b Ki‡Qb|

4.4.3 Lvj Db¥y³KiY:k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjvi fziæwjqv BDwcÕi K…wl, grm¨ I cïm¤ú` welqK ¯’vqx KwgwU

wmAvBwR †dviv‡gi gva¨‡g GjvKvevmxi mv‡_ KvR K‡i Avm‡Q| GmwWGjwR cÖwkÿY ïiæ nevi ci KwgwU

m`m¨iv MZ Qq gv‡m wZbevi ˆeVK K‡i‡Q| G mgq Zviv jeYv³Zv cÖeY GjvKvq K…wlKvR cÖwµqv, wewfbœ

cÖRvwZi grm¨ Pvl cÖwµqv, wewfbœ cÖRvwZi D”P djbkxj avb Ges DbœZ gv‡bi wPswo gv‡Qi †cvbvi Drm

BZ¨vw` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| BDwci n¯Í‡ÿc Ges ¯’vqx mgvav‡b Dc‡Rjv cwil`Õi m¤ú„³Zv

_vKvi Kvi‡Y `yÕwU mgm¨v mgvav‡bi `„óvšÍ cvIqv hvq|

fziæwjqv BDwbq‡bi ejøvgcyi MÖv‡gi 50 weNv avwb Rwg‡Z cÖej el©‡Yi d‡j Rjve×Zvi m„wó nq| Zvi

Rjve×Zv wbim‡bi Rb¨ Lvj Lb‡b Rwgi gvwjKiv HK¨g‡Z †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡ib wb| 10-15 w`b ci ÿwZMÖ¯’

13

K…lKiv G wel‡q 2bs Iqv‡W©i †g¤^v‡ii Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM K‡ib| H †g¤^vi, whwb GKB mv‡_ fziæwjqv BDwcÕi K…wl,

grm¨ I cïm¤ú` welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ welqwU wb‡q cieZx© ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges

welqwU BDwc gvwmK mfvi Av‡jvP¨m~Px‡Z AšÍf‚©³ K‡ib| Gici fziæwjqv BDwc †Pqvig¨vb Ges cwil‡`i

m`m¨iv ¯^vfvweK cvwb cÖev‡ni Rb¨ mswkøó miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi mvnv‡h¨ Lvj Lb‡bi wm×všÍ †bb| Dc-mnKvix

K…wl Kg©KZv© (GmGGI) G welqwU Rvbvi ci NUbv¯’j cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges Lvj Lb‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K

msMwVZ K‡ib| ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv †`o gvm ci Lvj cwi`k©‡b wM‡q †`L‡Z cvb Rjve×Zv mgm¨vi mgvavb

n‡q‡Q|

4.4.4 GmGGIÕi Kg©¯’‡j Abycw¯’wZ: GmwWGjwR n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci Av‡M f‚iæwjqv BDwbq‡bi GmGGI Kg©‡ÿ‡Î

wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb bv| IqvW© bs7 Gi K…lKiv K…wl welqK ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ Aveyj Kvjvg mi`v‡ii wbKU

GmGGIÕi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM K‡ib, whwb G mgm¨vwU ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq DÌvcY K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b welqwU

Kvh©weeiYxi AšÍ©fz³ Kiv nq| 15-16w`b ci welqwU wb‡q BDwc gvwmK mfvq Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gici

fziæwjqv BDwc †Pqvig¨vb mgm¨vwU wb‡q k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i gvwmK mfvq Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Av‡jvPbvi

ci Dc‡Rjv cwil` mgm¨vwU mgvav‡b `ªæZ c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mswkøó Kg©KZ©v, Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©v‡K

Aby‡iva K‡ib| Dc‡Rjv K…wl Awdmvi welqwU ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡ib Ges GmGGI- †K Kg©¯’‡j

Abycw¯’Z bv _vKvi wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb GmGGI-†K G e¨vcv‡i mZK© K‡i †`b †hwU Lye djcÖm~ nq| Gici

†_‡K GmGGI BDwc Kvh©vjq Ges gvV ch©v‡q wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb| cieZx©‡Z ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv BDwc

Kvh©vj‡q GmGGI-Gi Dcw¯’wZwi welqwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i _v‡Kb|

4.4.5 Rjvkq n‡Z euva AcmviY: fziæwjqv BDwbq‡bi wmivRcyi MÖv‡g iv¯Ívi cv‡k Aew¯’Z Lv‡j KwZcq

MÖvgevmx e¨w³MZfv‡e grm¨ Pv‡li Rb¨ PviwU euva wbg©vY K‡i| Gi d‡j el©vKv‡j fvix el©‡Y Avkcv‡ki GjvKv

cøvweZ nq Ges Lv‡ji ZxieZx© avb Pvl e¨vnZ nq| IqvW© bs 8 Gi IqvW© †g¤^vi, whwb GKB mv‡_ K…wl welqK

¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ G welqwU Rvbvi ci 2014 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m AbywôZ ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq †mwU DÌvcY

K‡ib| ¯’vqx KwgwU mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi Rb¨ BDwc gvwmK mfvq †cÖiY K‡i|

wKš‘ welqwU BDwc gvwmK mfvq we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ cvqwb| d‡j ÿwZMÖ¯’iv Gi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` ïiæ K‡i Ges MÖv‡g

we‡ÿvf ïiæ nq| cieZx© gvwmK mfvq BDwc G mgm¨vwU Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i mfvq DÌvcY K‡i mswkøó miKvwi

wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi wm×všÍ †bq| BDwc †Pqvig¨vb mgm¨vwUi we¯ÍvwiZ Ges ¯’vbxqfv‡e mgvavb Ki‡Z

BDwbqb cwil‡`i AÿgZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| ¯^vfvweK cvwb cÖevn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil` euva

AcmviY cÖwµqv ïiæ Kivi wm×všÍ †bq| Gi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil` kÖwgK e¨‡qi UvKv Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨

Znwej †_‡K Li‡Pi wm×všÍ †bq (80 w`‡bi Lvj Lbb Kg©m~wP)| Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb, BDGbI, BDwc

†Pqvig¨vb, wcAvBI, Dc‡Rjv K…wl Kg©KZ©v, GmGGI Ges ¯’vbxq MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM©iv Kv‡Ri w`b Dcw¯’Z

wQ‡jb|

euva Acmvi‡Yi ci RbmvaviY LvjwU grm¨ Pv‡l e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j wm×všÍ †bIqv nq| ¯’vqx KwgwU G

Kvh©µgwU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K wb‡q GKwU (mgevq mwgwZ) KwgwU MVb K‡i| cÖvq 70-75 Rb

ÿwZMÖ¯’ m`m¨ wb‡q KwgwU MwVZ nq hviv grm¨Pvl cÖKí Z`viwK Ki‡eb Ges myweav †fvM Ki‡eb| grm¨

cÖK‡íi †gvU LiP 62,000 UvKv hv KwgwUi cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨B enb K‡i‡Q| Zviv Avkv Ki‡Q G cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g

cvuP jvL UvKv gybvdv n‡e| KwgwUi Kvh©µg wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ ̄ ’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨iv D³ KwgwU m`m¨‡`i

mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM iv‡Lb| G cÖK‡íi mvd‡j¨ Avkcv‡ki MÖvgevmxivI DrmvwnZ n‡q‡Qb Ges ZvivI Gi

AbyKiY Kivi †Póv Ki‡Qb e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q|

14

5. ¯’vbxq gvwjKvbv‡eva, ¯’vwqZ¡ Ges cÖvwZôvwbKKxKiY

GmwWGjwR cÖKí eÜ nevi ci BDwbqb cwil`, ̄ ’vqx KwgwU Ges miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi m¤¢ve¨ fwel¨r

wK †mUv Rvb‡Z M‡elYv `jwU ¯’vbxq BDwbqb Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K cÖkœ K‡ib| †mevi gvb Dbœq‡b wK BDwbqb Ges

¯’vqx KwgwU Zv‡`i Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡e? ̄ ’vqxKwgwU n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g cÖvß djvd‡ji ̄ ’vwqZkxjZv wbwðZK‡í

miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv wK d‡jvAvc Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡e? G cÖ‡kœ wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i `„wófw½ LyeB

Avkve¨ÄK|

gvwjKvbv‡eva Ges ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv:

fziæwjqv BDwcÕi †Pqvig¨vb wR.Gg. wjqvKZ Avjx cici wZbevi wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z, GmwWGjwR

cÖK‡íi Av‡M ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv wQj AKvh©Ki| wZwb e‡jb, BDwci ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jvi mwµq nevi ci Zvi

RbwcÖqZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q Ges wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© iÿv‡_©B BDwc †Pqvg¨vbiv ¯’vqx KwgwU mwµq ivL‡eb| K…òbMi

BDwc †Pqvig¨vb †kL Avbmvi AvjxI Abyiƒc gZvgZ e¨³ K‡ib Ges GKB mv‡_ ivR¯^ Avni‡Yi †ÿ‡Î

GmwWGjwR cÖwkÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL K‡ib|

eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwcÕi mwPe evey Wvwjg Kzgvi Nivwg e‡jb GLb ch©šÍ hw`I mdj ¯’vqx KwgwU mwµq nqwb, wKš‘

GmwWGjwR n¯Í‡ÿcK…Z ¯’vqx KwgwUi Kvh©µg †`‡L Zviv DrmvwnZ n‡q‡Q| (GmwWGjwR cÖKí) 13wU BDwc

¯’vqx KwgwUi g‡a¨ 4wU ¯’vqx KwgwU‡K cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Ñ †hgb ¯^v¯’¨, K…wl, bvix Ges wkï welqK Ges

wbixÿv I wnmveiÿY ¯’vqx KwgwU| BDwc mwPe `vwe K‡ib, †h‡nZz wmAvBwRi cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡gRbMY GLb

GB ai‡bi Abykxj‡bi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb n‡q‡Q ZvB GKB Rb cÖwZwbwa fwel¨‡Z wbe©vwPZ bv n‡jI ¯’vqx KwgwUi

Kvh©µg Pvjy _vK‡e| wZwb GUvI D‡jøL K‡ib †h GmwWGjwR cÖK‡íi Kvi‡Y ivR¯^ AvniY D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e

e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| K…òbMi BDwci mwPe †kL Kvgiæj nvmvbI GKB ai‡bi gšÍe¨ K‡ib| wZwb AviI

e‡jb ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfv KvM‡R Kj‡g _vK‡jI ev¯Í‡e †mUv Kvh©Ki wQj bv|

GB gvV M‡elYvq ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Ges RbM‡Yi ga¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q| ¯’vqx

KwgwUi m`m¨‡`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfv AbywôZ nq| m`m¨iv mgv‡Ri we`¨gvb mgm¨v

mgvav‡b wb‡R‡`i wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Qb Ges mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bZzb cš’v A‡š^lY K‡ib| ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvq

Av‡jvP¨ welqmg~nI e„w× cv‡”Q|

cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY:

myweav‡fvMx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq Av‡M RbMY cÖfvekvjx ivR‰bwZK e¨w³‡`i KvQ †_‡K mvnvh¨

PvIqvi †h cÖeYZv wQj †mUv GLbI wKQzUv _vK‡jI ax‡i ax‡i BDwbqb cwil` ev BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx

KwgwUi gZ cÖvwZôvwbK mË¡vi KvQ †_‡K mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv PvIqvi cÖeYZv Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡”Q| GB

cwieZ©b G cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Dci bvMwiK Av¯’v Ges wek^v‡mi cÖwZdjb|

M‡elYv `jwU gvV ch©vq Ggb A‡bK NUbv †c‡q‡Q †mLv‡b mvaviY bvMwiKiv mwµqfv‡e Zv‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv

¯’vqx KwgwU‡K Rvwb‡q‡Q| bvMwiK‡`i Ggb AskMÖnY BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ Ges miKvwi †mev

cÖ`vbKvix‡`i ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM e„w× Ki‡Q hv wKbv DbœZZi miKvwi †mev cÖ`v‡b mnvqK|

BDwWwmwm-†ZI G ai‡bi cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM †`Lv hvq hLb ¯’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ †Kvb mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i

Ges mgvav‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i wbKU Aby‡iva K‡i|

cwil` ¯’vqx KwgwU Ges bvMwiK‡`i Kg©Kv‡Û †mevi gv‡bvbœq‡bi cÖwµqvwU cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY n‡Z cÖZxqgvb

n‡jI, miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©Ki fywgKvi †ÿ‡Î wPÎwU GZUv cwi®‹vi bq| ¯’vqx KwgwU hZ †ekx wewfbœ mgm¨v

15

mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡e, mgm¨v mgvav‡b Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi f‚wgKv hv A‡bK‡ÿ‡ÎB Abycw¯’Z Zv e¨env‡ii my‡hvM

ZZ evo‡e| BDwc ch©v‡qi ̄ ’vqx KwgwU AgxgvswmZ welq¸‡jv BDwc †Pqvig¨v‡bi gva¨‡g Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q †cÖiY

Ki‡j Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i ÿgZv Av‡Q gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q

mgm¨vi mgvavb wbwðZ Kivi|

mviv‡`‡k ¯’vqx KwgwU Kvh©Ki Kivi cÖwµqv AbyKiY Kivi GKwU m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| ¯’vqx KwgwU Kvh©Ki nevi ci

miKvi Ges BDGGAvBwWÕi gZ `vZv ms¯’v¸‡jv KwgwUi Kvh©µ‡gi mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯’vqx KwgwUi

n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci AR©b BDGmGAvBwW Ges Ab¨vb¨ `vZv ms¯’vi A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ cÖK‡íi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vc‡bi

gva¨‡g †UKmB Ges cÖvwZôvwbKxKi‡Yi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| GQvovI, GKB A‡j Kg©iZ ¯’vbxq miKvi ch©v‡qi

¯’vqx KwgwU Ges Dc‡Rjvi gš¿Yvj‡qi Av‡`‡k MwVZ KwgwUi g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g AKvh©Ki KwgwUi msL¨v

n«vm Kiv m¤¢e|

5.1 `vZv†Mvôxi LvZwfwËK cÖKí¸‡jv‡Z ¯’vqx KwgwUi ¸iæZ¡

cÖvqkB BDGGAvBwWÕi A_©vqb cwiPvwjZ wewfbœ cÖKí GKB GjvKvq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| Ab¨ `yÕwU

BDGmGAvBwW-i A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ cÖKí GmwWGjwRÕi n¯Í‡ÿcK…Z BDwbqb mwµq i‡q‡Q hvi d‡j cÖwZwU

cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ AR©‡b cÖKí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

K…òbMi BDwbq‡b XvKv AvnQvwbqv wgkb (wWGGg) KZ©„K ev¯ÍevwqZ K…wl m¤úªmviY cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g GmGGI

mv‡_ K…wl Drcv`bKvix †Mvôx Ges K…wl Drcv`bKvix †Mvôxi mv‡_ K…wl DcKiY we‡µZv‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î

ˆZwii †Póv Kiv n‡”Q| wWGGg Kg©KZ©v Rvwb‡q‡Qb Zuvi¯’vqx KwgwUi mv‡_ KvR Kivi cwiKíbv Av‡Q wKš‘

GmwWGjwR cÖwkÿ‡Yi AvM ch©šÍ Zvi mv‡_ BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi mxwgZ †hvMm~Î wQj|

eywo‡Mvqvwjbx BDwbq‡b Winrock International KZ…©K

ev¯ÍevwqZ Climate Resilient Ecosystems & Livelihoods (CREL) cÖK‡íi gvV ch©v‡qi mv‡_ GmwWGjwR cÖK‡íi c‡ivÿ

†hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| CRELcÖK‡íi g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj myô cÖvK…wZK

m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv wbwðZKiY, `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv Ges ¯’vbxq †hme

gvbyl RxweKvi Rb¨ mivmwi g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡`i

Rb¨ weKí Kg©ms¯’vb ̂ Zwi Kiv|CREL-Gi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` welqK

‡Kv-g¨v‡bR‡g›U KwgwUi (wmGgwm) A‡bK m`m¨ivB mvaviY bvMwiK

hviv GmwWGjwR cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY cÖvß| Gme m`m¨iv

BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwU‡Z Lye mwµq| CREL cÖK‡íi

GKRb Kg©KZ©v Rvbvb GmwWGjwR cÖwkÿ‡Yi Kvi‡Y D³ BDwbq‡bi

wmGgwm m`m¨iv Ab¨vb¨ BDwbq‡bi wmGgwm m`m¨‡`i Zzjbvq ¯’vbxq

miKvi e¨e¯’vq Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© †ewk AeMZ, †mv”Pvi/mwµq

Ges m‡PZb|

CREL-GiKg©KZv© e‡jb, GmwWGjwR-i Kg©Kv‡Ûi ci ¯’vqx KwgwUi mnvqZvq CREL cÖKí ev¯Íevqb

mnRZi nq| Z‡e mvZÿxivq M‡elYvaxb GjvKvq BDGmGAvBwWi Ab¨vb¨ cÖKí †hgb GbwRI ¯^v¯’¨ †mev

cÖKí †hgb wØZxq gv‡qi nvwm cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg †bB|

5.2 ¯’vqx KwgwUi mv‡_ Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi gš¿Yvj‡qi KwgwUi mgš^q

Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q, wfbœ wfbœ gš¿Yvjq ev Awa`߇ii wb‡`©kµ‡g A‡bK¸‡jv KwgwU MwVZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB

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KwgwU¸‡jv A‡bK ¸‡jvB AKvh©Ki, Avevi A‡bK KwgwU ïay mfvq mxgve× hv‡Z A‡bK m`m¨ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| GB gš¿Yvj‡qi KwgwU¸‡jvi mv‡_ BDwbqb ¯’vqx KwgwUi mgš^q mva‡bi †Kvb D`vniY Luy‡R cvIqv

hvqwb, Z‡e K‡qKRb miKvwi Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©v GB BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi †mev m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡‡K

¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wb‡P Dc‡Rjv I BDwbqb ch©v‡q gš¿Yvjq I Awa`߇ii Av‡`‡k MwVZ KwgwU¸‡jvi wel‡q

eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bvix I wkï welqK gš¿Yvjq: Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q GB gš¿Yvj‡qi wZbwU

KwgwU i‡q‡Q:

• bvix I wkï wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU, GB KwgwU cÖwZ gv‡m

wgwUs K‡i;

• gvbe cvPvi cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU

1

; GB KwgwU wZbgvm ci ci

wgwUs K‡i;

• †hŠZzK I evj¨weevn cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU|

Dc‡Rjv gwnjv welqK Awdmv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Rvbv hvq GB

gš¿Yvj‡qi KwgwU¸‡jv Kvh©Ki bq Ges Zv‡`i BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi

mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM LyeB Kg| wZwb g‡b K‡ib †h, GB ai‡bi A‡bK

KwgwU _vKvi Kvi‡Y h_vh_ Kvh©µg wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv Kvh©Ki n‡j cvwievwiK

we‡iva wbim‡b I bvix‡`i Dci mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e e‡j wZwb g‡b K‡ib|

cÖv_wgK I MY wkÿv gš¿Yvjq:Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q wZbwU KwgwU i‡q‡Q:

• Dc‡Rjv wkÿv KwgwU, GB KwgwU cÖwZgv‡m wgwUs K‡i;

• Uv¯‹‡dvm© KwgwU, GB KwgwU eQ‡i GKevi wgwUs K‡i

• eB weZiY KwgwU

Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v e‡j‡Qb †h, GB KwgwU¸‡jvi BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Lye Kg| KwgwU¸‡jv

g~jZ evwl©K cixÿv mgqgZ I mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv, ¯‹zj e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi Aby‡gv`b, wewfbœ

miKvwi ¯‹z‡ji AvmevecÎ mgb¤^qRwYZ KvR Ges eB weZi‡Yi KvR BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q _v‡K|

wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, BDwc KwgwU¸‡jvi wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY I Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q cÖwZ‡e`‡bi gva¨‡g ¯‹zj

wkÿK‡`i Abycw¯’wZi nvi A‡bKvs‡k Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|

¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY Awa`ßi: Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q GB Awa`߇ii `ywU KwgwU i‡q‡Q:

• Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœqb e¨e¯’vbv KwgwU, GB KwgwUi gvwmK wgwUs AbywôZ nevi K_v _vK‡jI H KwgwU

GLbI MwVZ nqwb; Ges

• `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ¯^v¯’¨ KwgwU

Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©KZ©v e‡j‡Qb †h GB KwgwU¸‡jvi `vwqZ¡ BDwbqb ch©v‡qi KwgwUi

`vwqZ¡ Kvh©µ‡gi AwaµgY N‡U bv Ges GB KwgwU¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM LyeB Kg| wZwb

Avkvev` e¨³ K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv BDwbqb ch©v‡qi †mev Z‡_¨i Drm wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q|

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1

G‡ÿ‡Î, GKB bvg I f~wgKvq ¯^ivóª gš¿bvj‡qi Aax‡b BDwbqb chv©‡q Av‡iKwU KwgwU Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q|

cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßi: Dc‡Rjv ch©vq ̀ yBwU KwgwU i‡q‡Q Ges

GB KwgwU¸‡jv cÖwZgv‡m wgwUs K‡i:

• Dc‡Rjv cwievi cwKíbv KwgwU

• gv I wkï ¯^v¯’¨ KwgwU

Dc‡Rjv cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©KZv© e‡j‡Qb †h, Awa`߇ii

cÖÁvcÎ Abyhvqx BDwbqb cwievi cwiKíbv KwgwU MwVZ n‡q‡Q

Ges GB KwgwUi cÖwZ gv‡m wgwUs AbywôZ n‡e †hLv‡b BDwc

†Pqvig¨vb mfvcwZ Ges cwievi cwiKíbv cwi`k©K mwPe wn‡m‡e

`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| GB KwgwU¸‡j mvaviYZ gv I wkï, cywó Ges

cwievi cwKíbvi c×wZ BZ¨vw`i Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q _v‡K| wKš‘

BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwUi mv‡_ Gme KwgwUi †hvMv‡hvM LyeB

mxwgZ| Kg©KZ©v e‡jb †h, BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwUi cwievi

cwiKíbv c×wZ cÖmv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|

K…wl gš¿Yvjq: Dc‡Rjv chv©‡q GB gš¿bvj‡qi PviwU KwgwU i‡q‡Q:

• Dc‡Rjv mvi I exR gwbUwis KwgwU

• ‡mP mnvqK KwgwU

• K…wl FY KwgwU

• cybe©vmb I ev¯Íevqb KwgwU

GB KwgwU¸‡jv cÖwZ Qqgvm cici mfv K‡i| Dc‡Rjv K…wl

Kg©KZv© Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h KwgwU¸‡jvi mv‡_ BDwbqb chv©‡qi ¯’vqx

KwgwUi mv‡_ †Kvb mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM †bB wKš‘ BDwbqb Dbœqb mgš^q KwgwUi (BDwWwmwm)mfvi gva¨‡g

Dc‡Rjv chv©‡q BDwbqb chv©q †_‡K Z_¨ ev wPwýZ mgm¨v¸‡jv D‡V Avmvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

`~‡hv©M e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq: Dc‡Rjv chv©‡q GB gš¿bvj‡qi `ywU KwgwU KvR K‡i:

• `y‡hv©M e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU

• KvweLv, wUAvi, wfwRGd, AwZ `wi`ª Kg©m„Rb, KvweUv BZ¨vw` Kg©mywP ev¯Íevqb Kivi Rb¨ KwgwU

i‡q‡Q|

BDwbqb chv©‡qI GB gš¿Yvj‡qi `ywU KwgwU i‡q‡Q hv Dc‡Rjv KwgwUi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †_‡K `y‡hvM©Kvjxb mg‡q

`ªæZ e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Y I ev¯Íevq‡b KvR K‡i|

6. Dcmsnvi I fwel¨Z KiYxq

BDwbqb ch©v‡qi ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv kw³kvjx Kivi d‡j AvkvcÖ` djvdj G‡m‡Q Zv gvV ch©v‡qi M‡elYv †_‡K

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| weklZ, bvix I wkï‡`i mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a, ¯^v¯’¨ I K…wl welqK Kg©KZ©vi Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î

Abycw¯’wZ Kgv‡bv, Rjve×Zv †_‡K K…wl Rwg I cÖej †¯ªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y euva fvOv iÿvq, Ges me©mvavi‡Yi weev`

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wggvsmv Kivi †ÿ‡Î eo iK‡gi mdjZv cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q hv AZx‡Zi Gme AKvh©Ki KwgwU¸‡jv‡K DrmvwnZ

Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ BDwbqb cwil`¸‡jvi Rb¨ GB D™¢vebx c×wZ wkÿYxq|

Z‡e, ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B cÖYxZ AvBb I wewagvjvi g‡a¨ †_‡K wbR wbR Dc‡Rjv cwil` ev miKvwi

wefvM¸‡jv‡K wbqwgZ Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ‡e`b †`qv DwPZ Ges miKvwi wefvM¸‡jviI wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY I

cwi`k©b K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z K‡i AbvKvw•ÿZ NUbvi cybive„wË bv N‡U| Dc‡Rjv

ch©v‡q gš¿Yvj‡qi wb‡`©kµ‡g MwVZ KwgwU I Zv‡`i wgwUs Gi msL¨v †hgwb †ewk †Zgwb Zv‡`i Kvh©µg

BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jvi mv‡_ mgwš^Z bq| ZvB fvj djvdj AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j GB gš¿Yvj‡qi

KwgwU¸‡jvi msL¨v Kgv‡bv Ges BDwbq‡bi ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jvi `ÿZvi mv‡_ mg¤^q mvab Kiv DwPZ|

myZivs wb¤œwjwLZ mycvwik¸‡jv ¯’vqx KwgwUi AwaKvi‡eva, ¯’vwqZ¡ I cÖvwZ©ôvwbKxKiY mv‡_ mv‡_ fvj

Abykxj‡bi e¨vcK cybive„wË NU‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|

• ¯’vqx KwgwU‡K AgxgvsmxZ welq¸‡jv Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q †cÖi‡Y DrmvwnZ Kiv|¯’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ I

Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ wg_w®Œqvi Dbœqb Kiv DwPZ| A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB †`Lv †M‡Q †h, ¯’vqx

KwgwU¸‡jv wb‡Riv mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges welq¸‡jv Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qI ‡cÖiY K‡i bv|

• ¯’vqx KwgwUi mv‡_ LvZ wfwËK cÖKí¸‡jv (Sector Projects) KvR Kiv| GB c`‡ÿcwU †hgwb

cÖK‡íi jÿ¨ ev¯Íevqb mnR Ki‡e †Zgwb BDwbqb cwil‡`i ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z mnvqZv

Ki‡e|

• Dc‡Rjv I BDwbqb ch©v‡qi gš¿Yvj‡qi KwgwUi mv‡_ BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwUi †hvMv‡hvM e„w× Kiv| BDwbqb

ch©v‡qi miKvwi Kg©Pvwi‡`i †mev cÖ`vb welqK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU GKwU

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm n‡Z cv‡i|

• c~‡e©i n¯Í‡ÿcK…Z wel‡q Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡`i ch©‡eÿY d‡jvAvc Kvh©µg e„w× Kiv| ¯’vqx

KwgwUi ev Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©v Øviv n¯Í‡ÿcK…Z welq¸‡jvi ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GUv cÖ‡qvRb|

• GKB Kvi‡Y, BDwc ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jvi I c~‡e©i n¯Í‡ÿcK…Z wel‡qi Dci ch©‡eÿY d‡jv-Avc Kvh©µg

e„w× Kiv|

• ¯’vqx KwgwU Kvh©Ki Kivi cÖwµqvwU Ab¨vb¨ BDwbqb¸‡jv‡KI cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g cybive„wË Kiv Ges

miKvwi †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i Kv‡Ri wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿY Pvjy Kiv| ¯’vqx KwgwUi c`‡ÿc ev D‡`¨vM

BDwbqb cwil‡`i Dci RbM‡Yi Av¯’v I wek^vm e„w× Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ges ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jvI

¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

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