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Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby

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Page 1: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump

Jing Chen

Christopher A. Kurby

Page 2: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Part 1: What changes?

Page 3: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

“Oh, getting old isn’t so bad, except for maybe a little forgetfulness.”

Page 4: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

• Memory complaints are common among older adults (Galvin, 2005).

• Memory complaints is a major issue that are reported by those entering medical clinics for help (Galvin, 2005).

Page 5: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Age and Episodic Memory

Memory for lists of words

Memory for stories that were just read

Memory for pairs of words

Memory for map directions

Page 6: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Why are there declines in memory with age?

• Reduced processing speed (Salthouse, 1996)

– How quickly you can solve a problem, or make simple judgments.

• Older adults have worse sensory functioning

• ****Less physical fitness *****

Page 7: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t
Page 8: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Resnick et al., 2003

Different regions show different among of age-related changes

Page 9: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Resnick et al., 2003 – Loss of gray matters

Page 10: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t
Page 11: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Raz, et al., 2005

A 5-year study of healthy older adults (mean age 63.79)

Learning

Thinking

Memory

Page 12: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Thinking

Learning

Memory

Page 13: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t
Page 14: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Implicit Memory - Semantic Priming

• Target word: Nurse

– Unrelated: Butter

– Related: Doctor

Data from Hutchison et al (2008)

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Young Old

Nam

ingTime(ms)

Unrelated

Related

Older

Page 15: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Positive

Page 16: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Negative

Page 17: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Neutral

Page 18: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Charles, Mather & Carstensen (2003)

Page 19: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Mather et al. (2004)

Page 20: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Stereotypes and Aging

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0.60

0.70

Hess et al, 2003 JoG

POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE

YNG

OLDER

Page 21: Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump · Improving the Mind with a Hop, Skip, and a Jump Jing Chen Christopher A. Kurby . Part 1: What changes? “Oh, getting old isn’t

Can we improve memory, thinking, and even the brain itself?