improving turfgrass through research seed research of oregon options in overseeding a work in...

Improving Turfgrass Through Research

Seed Research of Oregon

Options in Overseeding

A work in progress


SRO Research - Ryegrass Strategies

• High turf quality

• Rapid establishment

• Winter-active growth for overseed & sports fields

• Gray Leaf Spot resistance

• Other critical diseases - Brown Patch, Crown Rust, Leaf Spot, Red Thread - resistance

• Creeping types - better for sports fields & wear

• Salt tolerance


Why “salt tolerance”?

*Increased use of waste or recycled effluent water to irrigate golf courses in arid regions

*Increased water conservation - less flushing / leaching

*Changing weather patterns – drought

*Rapid Blight disease – salt tolerance

*More golf courses being built in coastal areas with potential salt water intrusion into aquifers

*Increased development of courses on poor quality land with soil & drainage issues


Ryegrass Overseed – salt issues

TPC Scottsdale, ArizonaEffluent Water, Drainage & Compaction Issues, Drought


Confirmed Rapid Blight


Turfgrass Salt ToleranceOverseed Use Species

Poor ToleranceCentipedegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, Colonial Bentgrass, Rough Bluegrass,

Annual Bluegrass, Annual Ryegrass, Transitional Ryegrass, Carpetgrass

Fair ToleranceTall Fescue, Perennial Ryegrass

Good ToleranceCreeping Bentgrass, Chewings Fescue, Zoysiagrass

Very Good ToleranceBermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass

Creeping Red Fescue, Hard Fescue

Exceptional ToleranceSeashore Paspalum, Alkaligrass


Relative Salt Tolerance

Range and variation exists within any species

Depends on cultivar / variety differences and selection / breeding / development


Preliminary Salt Tolerant PRG’s

Brightstar SLT – 18% of parent plants screened for seedling salt germination. Mature plants showed salt tolerance at 17,000ppm for 9 weeks. Marketed for southern overseeding use, and “areas with cool moist maritime winters”.

Charger II – some parent plants screened for seedling salt tolerance - final screening on mature plant salt tolerance and marketed for overseeding use.

Palmer III – no salt tolerance screening when developed. In tests, Palmer III ranked close to Charger II for mature plant survival in salt solution. Marketed for southern overseed use.


Salt Tolerant Perennial Ryes

Las Vegas effluent quality?

Sea water – approx. 30,000ppm NaCl

Oceans Aquarium Solutions10,000ppm NaCL - 12,000ppm - 15,000ppm

SEEDLING SALT TOLERANCE


Seedling Salt Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass 10,000ppm

Variety

Date of planting 4/8/04


SRX Pengs 6.7 5.3SR 4220 5.5 3.2Hawkeye 4.9 3SR 4420 4.4 2.9Peregrine 4.3 2.6Brightstar SLT 0 2.8Charger II 3.9 2.3Omni 3.2 0

Fig. 3. Seedling vigor of Perennial ryegrass planted in two different dates at 10,000 ppm salt concentration.

0

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SRX Pengs SR 4220 Hawkeye SR 4420 Peregrine BrightstarSLT

Charger II Omni

Perennial ryegrass varieties

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Date of planting 11/4/04 e

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Note: Values followed by the same letter on the same color bar do not differ significantly according to the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05)


Seedling Salt Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass10,000ppm

Fig 1. Seedling Salt Screening of Perennial ryegrass at 10,000 ppm Salt Concentration

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SR 4220 SR 4420 Charger II Omni Brightstar SLT


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date of planting 4/8/04date of planting 11/4/04

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Note: Values followed by the same letter on the same color bar do not differ significantly according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (P<0.05)


Seedling Salt Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass - VIGOR

Fig. 2. Germination Rate of Perennial Ryegrass Varieties at 10,000 ppm Salt Concentration. Final Germination at One Month.

0102030405060708090

100

Pengu

in

Firebo

lt

Mac

h 1

Charg

er II

Hawke

ye

Bright

star S

LT


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Germination at 11 daysGermination at 13 daysTotal germination

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Note: Values followed by the same letter on the same color bar do not difer significantly according to Fisher's Protected LSD ( P< 0.05)


SR 4220 26SR 4420 18Charger II 16SR 4550 12Brightstar SLT 9

Fig 3. Seedling Salt Screening of Perennial Ryegrass at 12,000 ppm Salt Concentration

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SR 4220 SR 4420 Charger II SR 4550 Brightstar SLT


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Note: Values followed by the same letter do not differ significantly according toDuncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05)




Fig 4. Seedling Salt Screening of Perennial Ryegrass at 12,000 ppm Salt Concentration

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Hawkeye Peregrine Charger II Omni Brightstar SLT


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ababc

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Note: Values followed by the same letter do not differ significantly according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05)


Seedling Salt Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass

15,000ppm Solution

Charger II - 0% germination/establishment

Brightstar SLT - 1% germination/establishment

SR4220 & SR4420 - 2% germination/establishment

Penguin - 8% germination/establishment


Salt Tolerant and Other New Ryes

• STR 4PSLT - plants from SRO salt screening project planted and rogued for uniformity, color and yield.

Includes germplasm from Penguin, plus SR 4420, 4220 and Hawkeye. Production fields planted Fall 2005.

• STR 4TPC - Progeny of PRG survivors in very heavy salt areas at TPC Scottsdale, Arizona.

• SRX 45AB - Winter-active material

• SRX 4QTR - Quick transitioning ryegrass


SRO Salt Screening in Other Turf Species

Germination % at 14 DAPGermination % at 17 DAPGermination % at 39 DAPWatchdog 23 39 85.0Grande 35 59 83.0Blackwatch 20 33 80.0Grande II 13 31 76.0Tulsa II 17 40 74.0Titan Ltd. 5 24 71.0Rendition 8 22 68.0Regiment II 10 27 61.0Titan 5 19 61.0Bonanza II 0 6 54.0Guardian 21 3 9 44.0

Fig1. Germination percentage of Turf One/Royal Tall fescue varieties at 12, 000 ppm salt concentration on 12/23/05

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Tall fescue varieties

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Germination % at 14 DAP



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Tall Fescue

Bluegrass

Bermudagrass

Bentgrass


OTHER KEY BREEDING TRAITSGray Leaf Spot Resistance

2004 Perennial Ryegrass NTEP Gray Leaf Spot

Rutgers University

Disease now confirmed in

CA, OH, IN, IL

Overseed & Permanent Turf


Gray Leaf Spot Resistant Ryes

• PEREGRINE - 1st cycle - certified seed

• SR 4550 - 2nd cycle - certified seed

• SR 4600 (SRX 4SP) - Certified this fall - brown patch resistance, lateral spread, highest turf quality

• HARRIER (SRX 4UP3) - Certified this fall - stress tolerant, high turf quality

• SRX 4682 (Hawkeye II) - Certified next fall - high gray leaf spot resistance

• SRX 4692 - Certified next fall – (SR 4220 derived)

• LCK - Certified next fall - High brown patch and GLS


CONSTANT IMPROVEMENTS & UPGRADES

• SR 4550 – high seedling salt tolerance, superior gray leaf spot resistance

• SR 4420 - high gray leaf spot, high seedling salt tolerance, quicker transition

• SR 4220 - high gray leaf spot, high seedling salt tolerance, wear tolerance

• SR 4350 - high gray leaf spot resistance, improved wear tolerance

• SR 4500 - gray leaf spot resistance, superior density

• Hawkeye – fast establishment, high seedling salt tolerance, winter active growth

• Peregrine – excellent wear tolerance, very dense, very high gray leaf spot res.

• Penguin – very high seedling salt tolerance, high seedling vigor, winter active

Special Traits - Perennial Ryegrass


Getting the Most From Your PRG Blend

3 variety blendPOA FREECertified seed / blue tagOnly high performance updated ingredientsBlending benefits and traits (Salt, RB, GLS, Transition…)

*Shadow Creek*TPC courses nationwide*Augusta NationalSAMPLES!


Oregon Blue Tag Certified seed can contain Poa annua.


Champion GQ - Easier to Maintain……..


Species for Overseeding

• RyegrassesPerennial, intermediate, annual

• Fine fescuesChewings, slender creeping red, strong creeping red, hard

• BentgrassesVelvet, colonial, creeping, dryland, Idaho

• BluegrassesRough bluegrass, Kentucky, others

• Other species


Additional Overseed Solutions


Transitional ryegrass

PR TR AR

PR/TR


Transitional Ryegrass

• Strengths

– Rapid germination & establishment

– Less expensive seed

– Better Spring transition in south

– Germination and growth at cooler temperatures

– Moderate green color

– Less mowing requirement than annual

– Moderate seedling salt tolerance


Transitional Ryegrass

• Weaknesses

– Potentially poor mowing quality in Spring if mowing schedule delayed

– Lighter green color than current turf-type perennial ryegrass varieties

– Low salt tolerance as mature plants

(Germination excellent with salts)

- Larger seed size


Winter Overseeding Solutions

Formulated Mixtures for golf course use in southern regions

3-way Perennial Ryegrass Blend + 30% Fine Fescue

Tees, Fairways & Roughs

Improved salt and Rapid Blight tolerance, darker color, improved shade tolerance, more active winter growth, improved spring transitionSAMPLES!


2003 - 2004 Fairway Overseed Univ. of AZ , Seeded Oct. 28

Entry Mean color Mean Texture Mean Quality

SRO Fine 7.4 6.9 7.1

Racer II PR 6.2 7.2 6.9

Protocal 3 PR 7.2 7.0 6.8

Salinas Rye/Tiffany Ch 6.3 6.8 6.5

Allsport PR 6.1 6.8 6.3

Valley Select PR Bl 6.2 6.8 6.3

Overseeding Eagle 6.1 6.9 6.2

Gulf Annual 3.8 3.5 4.0

LSD@5% 0.5 0.7 0.5

SRO Ryegrass + Chewings Fescue


Chewings Fescue - Overseeding

• Very fine with stiff texture – holds balls well• Shade & low light tolerance• Good wear tolerance • Winter-active growth • Improved transition with high quality• Rapid germination

– Germinates only 1 to 2 days slower than perennial rye– Smaller seedling

• Resistance to Labyrinthula / Rapid Blight• Medium seed size


Chewings Fescue - Overseeding

• Good salt tolerance• Dark green color• Increase genetic diversity of mixtures• Mixtures with perennial ryegrass,

bentgrasses, Poa trivialis• Seeding rates (alone) - Do not mow too soon • Greens 25 - 30 lbs./1000 sq. ft. • Tees 20-25 lbs./1000 sq. ft.• Fairways 10-15 lbs./1000 sq.ft.


Champion Fine

• Chewings fescue– Seeds / lb. = 400,000

• Perennial ryegrass– Seeds / lb. = 200,000

– 15 lbs./1000 sq.ft. = 21 seeds/ sq. inch

• 70 % Perennial ryegrass / 30% Chewings fescue– Seeds / lb. = 260,000

– 15 lbs./1000 sq. ft. = 27 seeds/sq. inch

– 12 lbs/1000 sq. ft. = 22 seeds/sq. inch


GREENS & TEES Overseed SolutionsSlender Creeping Red Fescue• Strengths

– High salt tolerance

– Resistance to Rapid Blight

– Short rhizomes for repair

– Tolerant of short cutting heights for greens, tees and fairways

– Excellent fall, winter and spring color

– Mixes well with other overseed species• Perennial Ryegrass, Poa trivialis


Slender Creeping Red Fescue

• Where to use

– Fairways - areas with higher salt problems

– Greens and tees for overseeding in salt areas – (used for permanent greens in UK)

– Fairways & Mowed Roughs

– Blends with other fine fescues, colonial bentgrass, bluegrass and perennial ryegrass

Dr. Gwen Stahnke - Washington State University Puyallup, WA Dr. Leah A. Brilman - Seed Research of Oregon


Dawson slender creeping red fescue Perennial ryegrass


Trials and Samples - Helena

improving turfgrass through research seed research of oregon options in overseeding a work in...

Documents

salt tolerance screening

ppm slide

mature plant salt tolerance

salt solution

seedling salt germination

drought slide

alkaligrass slide

progress slide